Which part of a culture defines it the
most?
A. Religion
B. Education
0%
C
A
0%
A. A
B. B
C.0%C
B
C. Family roles
Chapter 4 Growth of the
Thirteen Colonies (1607-1770)
Section 2 Government, Religion,
Culture
In what ways was an American
culture developing during the
colonial period?
Trouble in England
• Charles II was king
• Many people were not satisfied
with his rule
• James II, Charles successor,
tried to take powers back
• Parliament had taken some
away during the English Civil
War
• Also wanted to tighten control of
the colonies
• 1688 Parliament forced out
James and replaced him with his
daughter Mary and her Dutch
husband, William of Orange
• The change demonstrated the
power of the elected
representatives over the
monarch
• Known as the Glorious
Revolution
• William and Mary signed the
English Bill of Rights in 1689
• Gave basic rights to all citizens
What did William and Mary do in
order to guarantee basic rights to all
citizens in England?
A. Wrote a constitution
B. Enacted a peace treaty
C. Signed a bill of rights
D. Imprisoned James II
A. A
B. B
0% C.
0% C0%
D. D
A
B
C
0%
D
England’s View of it’s Colonies
• An economic resource
• Should provide raw materials
(lumber)
• English manufacturers used
these resources to produce
finished goods
• Then sold them back to the
colonists
• This is an economic theory
called mercantilism
• Theory states that as a
nation’s trade grows, its gold
reserves increase
• The nation then becomes
more powerful
• England had to export more
than it imported
To Ensure England Benefited
• From trade in the Colonies
• Parliament passed several laws
from 1651-1673
• Navigation Acts directed trade
between England and the
Colonies
• Made colonists use ships made
in England or the Colonies
• Prevented Colonists from
shipping certain products
(tobacco and sugar) outside of
England’s empire
• Colonists accepted these laws
• Later they resented these
restrictions
• Wanted to make and sell their
own manufactured goods
where they could get higher
prices
• Colonists ignored these laws
and began smuggling with
other nations
Colonial Governments
• Colonists had ideas about
government when they arrived
• Developed in England
• Political liberties like trial by
jury
• Limited government and
representative government
• They believed that government
was not all powerful
• First appeared in the Magna
Carta
• Established limited
government
• Included: protection against
unfair punishment
• Protected against the loss of
life, liberty, and property
Colonial Government
• As the colonies grew,
town meetings grew
into small
governments
• Made local laws
• By the 1760’s there
were three types of
Colonies in America
• Charter Colonies
• Proprietary Colonies
• Royal Colonies
Charter Colonies
• Connecticut and
Rhode Island
• Given a charter to
establish a colony
• Colonists elected their
own governor and
members of the
legislature
• Great Britain had the
right to approve the
governor
• The governor could
not veto the acts of the
legislature
Proprietary Colony
• Delaware,
Maryland, and
Pennsylvania
• Ruled by
proprietors
(owners)
• Free to rule as
they wish
• Proprietors
appointed the
governor and
members of the
upper house of
the legislature
• Colonists elected
the lower house
Royal Colonies
• By 1760’s- Georgia,
Massachusetts, New Hampshire,
New Jersey, New York, North
Carolina, South Carolina, and
Virginia
• Britain directly ruled
• King appointed a governor and
council (Upper House)
• Colonists elected the Lower House
• Governor and council usually did
what British leaders told them to do
• Often led to conflict with the
colonists in the assembly
• Most when officials tried to enforce
tax laws and trade restrictions
Which type of colony was ruled by
individuals or groups to whom Britain
granted land?
A. Charter
A
0%
0%
C
C. Royal
A. A
B. B
C.0%C
B
B. Proprietary
Voting Rights
• Only some people
had voting rights
• Generally, white
men who owned
property
• In spite of limits, the
proportion of people
involved in
government was
higher in the
colonies
• 80-90% higher
Great Awakening
• A religious revival
through the colonies
from the 1720’s-1740’s
• New England and
Middle Colonies
ministers called for “a
new birth”
• Leaders were
Jonathon Edwards
and George Whitefield
• Led to the formation of
many new churches
Family Roles
• Men were the head of the household
• Men worked in the fields, built barns,
houses, and fences
• Sons could be indentured servants or
apprentices
• Women ran the household and cared
for the children
• Many worked in the fields with their
husbands
• Married women had few rights
• Unmarried women might work for
wealthy families as a maid
• Widows might be teachers, nurses, or
seamstresses
• Widows or unmarried could run
business and own property
• Women could not vote
Education
• Parents taught children to read
and write
• New England and
Pennsylvania set up schools to
learn to read and study the
Bible
• 1647- Massachusetts Puritans
passed a public education law
• Each community with 50 or
more homes were required to
have a school
• By 1750- New England had a
high literacy rate (85% of men)
• Night schools were set up for
apprentices
• Colleges were set up to train
ministers
• Puritans set up Harvard in
1626
Which was the first college in North
America?
A. William and Mary
B. Princeton
C. Harvard
D. University of Virginia
0%
A
A.
B.
C.
0%
D.
B
A
B
C
0%
D
C
0%
D
The Enlightenment
• Many educated people were
influenced by the
Enlightenment
• Based on the idea that
knowledge, reason, and
science could improve
society
• Interest in science increased
• People observed nature,
staged experiments, and
published findings
• Best known American
scientist was Ben Franklin
Freedom of Press
• 1735- John Peter Zenger of the
New York Weekly Journal was
charged with libel
• Printed a critical report about the
royal governor of New York
• Zenger’s lawyer (Andrew
Hamilton) argued that freedom of
speech was a basic English right
• Hamilton told the jury to make
their decision on whether Zenger
printed the truth, not whether it
was offensive
• Jury found Zenger not guilty
• Important step in the
development of a free press in
America
In what ways was an American culture
developing during the colonial period?
- The colonists adopted ideas of limited
government and representative government.
- Distinct religious and educational ideas
contributed to the culture
- Family was the basis of society
- Interest in science and invention grew
- Freedom of press was defended
Chapter 4 Section 2 Quiz
ls
e
Fa
Tr
ue
During the Glorious Revolution, the British
monarchy gained more power at the
expense of Parliament.
A. True
50%
50%
B. False
ls
e
Fa
Tr
ue
After the Navigation Acts were passed,
colonial merchants could not use foreign
ships to send their goods.
A. True
50%
50%
B. False
Most colonists placed a high
value on education.
ls
e
50%
Fa
50%
Tr
ue
A. True
B. False
The Enlightenment was a
religious movement.
ls
e
50%
Fa
50%
Tr
ue
A. True
B. False
ls
e
Fa
Tr
ue
The case involving John Peter Zenger was
an important step in establishing free press
in America.
A. True
50%
50%
B. False
Which laws directed the flow of goods
between England and the colonies?
A. Navigation Acts
B. Merchant's
Pledge
C. Colonists Rights
Law
D. Colonies' Charter
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Which of the following is not a
type of American colony?
charter colony
compact colony
proprietary colony
royal colony
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D.
The only people who could vote
in the colonies were
A. indentured servants.
B. landless white men.
C. white female
property owners.
D. white male property
owners.
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What is the name of the first
college founded in North America?
Harvard
Cambridge
William and Mary
Yale
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D.
The American who best exemplified the
Enlightenment way of thinking was
A. Jonathan
Edwards.
B. Benjamin
Franklin.
C. George
Whitefield.
D. William Penn.
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25% 25% 25% 25%
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