CHAPTER
23
The New Deal
Overview
Time Lines
SECTION
1 A New Deal Fights the Depression
SECTION
2 The Second New Deal Takes Hold
SECTION
3 The New Deal Affects Many Groups
SECTION
4 Society and Culture
SECTION
5 The Impact of the New Deal
Chapter Assessment
Transparencies
CHAPTER
23
The New Deal
“The only thing we have to fear is fear itself.”
President Franklin Delano Roosevelt
THEMES IN CHAPTER 23
Economic Opportunity
Cultural Diversity
Science and Technology
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CHAPTER
23
The New Deal
“The only thing we have to fear is fear itself.”
President Franklin Delano Roosevelt
What do you know?
• What do you already know about the New Deal?
• What policies were created under the New Deal
and who was affected?
Read the quote above and answer the following:
• What did Roosevelt mean?
What can happen when people are afraid?
• What else might people have feared in the 1930s?
• What effect do you think Roosevelt hoped this
statement would have on the American people?
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CHAPTER
23
Time Line
The United States
1933 Congress creates the TVA.
1934 Congress creates the SEC.
1935 Supreme Court declares the NIRA
unconstitutional.
The CIO is organized.
Congress passes the Social Security Act.
1937 Labor unions begin using sit-down labor
strikes.
Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs is
released.
1938 Fair Labor Standards Act passes.
1939 Marian Anderson sings at the Lincoln
Memorial.
John Steinbeck publishes The Grapes of
Wrath.
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CHAPTER
23
Time Line
The World
1933 Hitler and the Nazi Party take power in
Germany.
Japan withdraws from the League of Nations.
Batista overthrows the Cuban government.
1934 Chinese Communists engage in the Long
March.
Lázaro Cárdenas becomes the president of
Mexico.
1935 Italy invades Ethiopia.
British Parliament passes Government
of India Act.
1936 Civil War begins in Spain.
Soviet leader Joseph Stalin purges
Communist Party and government leaders.
1937 Japan invades China.
1939 Germany invades Poland.
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SECTION
1
A New Deal Fights the Depression
Learn About
the early actions taken by the Roosevelt
administration.
To Understand
how the New Deal tried to combat the Depression.
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SECTION
1
A New Deal Fights the Depression
Key Idea
President Roosevelt takes many actions to
combat the Depression.
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SECTION
1
A New Deal Fights the Depression
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Section 1 Assessment
SUMMARIZING
What were some of the problems President Roosevelt
confronted as president? How did he try to solve them?
PROBLEM
SOLUTION
lack of confidence in banks
bank holiday, Treasury inspection of banks,
deposit insurance
little confidence in stock market
regulation of stock market
low farm prices
paying farmers not to raise crops
massive unemployment
federal jobs programs
poverty in Tennessee River Valley
build dams
mortgage foreclosures
government loans to homeowners
SECTION
1
A New Deal Fights the Depression
Section 1 Assessment
INTERPRETING
Of the New Deal programs discussed in this section, which
do you consider the most important?
THINK ABOUT
• the type of assistance offered by each program
• the scope of each program
• the impact of each program
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SECTION
1
A New Deal Fights the Depression
Section 1 Assessment
ANALYZING
Do you think Roosevelt’s most vocal critics had reasonable
objections?
THINK ABOUT
• the American Liberty League’s beliefs regarding violation
of rights
• Father Coughlin’s calls for nationalization
• Huey Long’s slogan “Every Man a King”
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SECTION
2
The Second New Deal Takes Hold
Learn About
the second phase of New Deal policies.
To Understand
how the Roosevelt administration tried to extend its
relief, recovery, and reforms programs.
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SECTION
2
The Second New Deal Takes Hold
Key Idea
The Second New Deal institutes new
programs to extend federal aid and
stimulate the nation’s economy.
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SECTION
2
The Second New Deal Takes Hold
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Section 2 Assessment
SUMMARIZING
How were groups such as farmers, the unemployed, youth,
and retirees helped by the Second New Deal programs?
Farmers:
second Agricultural Adjustment Act,
Farm Security Act,
Rural Electrification Administration
Unemployed:
Works Progress Administration,
National Youth Administration,
Social Security Act
The Second
New Deal
Retirees:
Social Security Act
Labor:
Wagner Act,
Fair Labor Standards Act
Youth:
National Youth Administration,
Works Progress Administration
SECTION
2
The Second New Deal Takes Hold
Section 2 Assessment
ANALYZING
Do you think the Second New Deal would have succeeded
without the WPA? Why or why not?
THINK ABOUT
• the millions of people the WPA employed
• criticism of the WPA as a “make-work” program
• the many New Deal reform and recovery programs
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SECTION
2
The Second New Deal Takes Hold
Section 2 Assessment
EVALUATING
Why might the Social Security Act be considered the most
important achievement of the New Deal?
THINK ABOUT
• the types of relief needed in the 1930s
• alternatives to government assistance to the elderly, the
unemployed, and the disabled
• the scope of the act
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SECTION
3
The New Deal Affects Many Groups
Learn About
how New Deal policies affected various social and
ethnic groups.
To Understand
how the Democratic Party forged a new political
coalition.
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SECTION
3
The New Deal Affects Many Groups
Key Idea
New Deal policies and actions affect
Americans from all walks of life. The
Democratic Party forms a new political
coalition.
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SECTION
3
The New Deal Affects Many Groups
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Section 3 Assessment
SUMMARIZING
What were the effects of New Deal policies on American
women, African Americans, Mexican Americans, Native
Americans, unionized workers, and urban Americans?
URBAN VOTERS
UNIONIZED WORKERS
Appeal of work-relief
programs
Passage of the
Wagner Act
NATIVE AMERICANS
Passage of the
Indian
Reorganization
Act of 1934
EFFECTS OF THE NEW DEAL
Appointment to key
government positions
Welcoming of women’s
input on issues
WOMEN
Role of Mary McLeod Bethune
and the“Black Cabinet”
AFRICAN AMERICANS
Help from the CCC
and the WPA
MEXICAN AMERICANS
SECTION
3
The New Deal Affects Many Groups
GENERALIZING
Section 3 Assessment
3
Do you think women made significant progress toward
equality during the 1930s?
THINK ABOUT
• the role of women in government
• hiring practices in federal programs
• women’s opportunities in business and industry
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SECTION
3
The New Deal Affects Many Groups
Section 3 Assessment
3
FORMING OPINIONS
In your opinion, did organized labor become too powerful in
the 1930s?
THINK ABOUT
• why workers joined unions
• how unions organized workers
• the roles of unions in politics
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SECTION
4
Society and Culture
Learn About
arts, entertainment, and literature during the 1930s.
To Understand
how the Depression and New Deal influenced
American culture.
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SECTION
4
Society and Culture
Key Idea
Motion pictures, radio, art, and literature all
blossom during the Depression and the New
Deal.
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SECTION
4
Society and Culture
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Section 4 Assessment
SUMMARIZING
Who were the important movie stars, radio stars, painters,
and writers from the 1930s?
Movie Stars
Radio Stars
Painters
Writers
Greta Garbo
George Burns
Edward Hopper
Richard Wright
Clark Gable
Gracie Allen
Thomas Hart Benton
Zora Neale Hurston
Marlene Dietrich
Bob Hope
Grant Wood
James T. Farrell
James Cagney
Jack Benny
John Steinbeck
Vivien Leigh
John Dos Passos
Fred Astaire
Thornton Wilder
Ginger Rogers
Edward G. Robinson
SECTION
4
Society and Culture
Section 4 Assessment
HYPOTHESIZING
What type of movies do you think might have been produced
if the government had supported moviemaking as part of the
New Deal?
THINK ABOUT
• the role entertainment played in the 1930s
• the variety of movies made during the New Deal years
• the subject matter of New Deal literature and art
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SECTION
4
Society and Culture
Section 4 Assessment
ANALYZING CAUSES
In your opinion, what were the main benefits of government
support for art and literature in the 1930s?
THINK ABOUT
• the experiences of Americans in the Depression and the
New Deal years
• the writers who got their start through the FWP
• the subject matter of WPA murals and other New Deal art
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SECTION
5
The Impact of the New Deal
HOME
Learn About
the effects of New Deal reforms.
To Understand
the short-term and long-term impact of the New Deal
on American society.
SECTION
5
The Impact of the New Deal
Key Idea
The New Deal affects American society not
only in the 1930s but also in the decades that
follow.
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SECTION
5
The Impact of the New Deal
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Section 5 Assessment
SUMMARIZING
What were some of the long-term benefits of the New Deal?
The National Labor Relations
Board still mediates labor
disputes.
The New Deal protected
wilderness areas.
New Deal’s
long-term benefits
Federal Deposit Insurance
Corporation insures accounts
up to $100,000.
Social Security still provides
assistance to senior citizens,
people with disabilities,
families, and the unemployed.
Securities and Exchange
Commission continues
to monitor the stock market.
SECTION
5
The Impact of the New Deal
Section 5 Assessment
FORMING AN OPINION
Some critics have charged that the New Deal was antibusiness and anti—free enterprise. Explain why you agree or
disagree with this charge.
THINK ABOUT
• the expanded power of the federal government
• the New Deal’s effect on the economy
• the New Deal’s effect on the American people
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SECTION
5
The Impact of the New Deal
Section 5 Assessment
EVALUATING
How successful do you think Franklin Roosevelt was as a
president?
THINK ABOUT
• the condition of the country when he took office
• the short- and long-term impact of his policies
• his popularity with working-class Americans
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Chapter
23
Assessment
1. How did Franklin Roosevelt change the role of the
federal government during his first Hundred Days in
office?
2. Summarize the reasons why some people opposed the
New Deal.
3. What federal agencies and acts assisted farmers during
Roosevelt’s second term?
4. How did the Wagner Act help working people?
5. Explain President Roosevelt’s policies on civil rights.
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Chapter
23
Assessment
6. Why did many urban voters support Roosevelt and the
Democratic Party?
7. What purpose did movies and radio programs serve
during the Great Depression?
8. Which New Deal programs supported artists and
writers during the 1930s?
9. List five New Deal agencies or programs that are still in
place today.
10. What benefits did the Tennessee Valley Authority
provide? What negative impact did it have?
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