lessons - History @ St Benets

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Paper One – 2 Hours
The Big Picture
Welcome back!
Objectives
 To be introduced to
Paper One
 To have an overview of
the two areas of content
 To be introduced to the
Paper One exam paper
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Paper One – 2 Hours
The Big Picture
Part One – 50 mins
Section B – The Cold War
1945 -75
Who was to blame for the
Cold War?
Who won the Cuban
Missile Crisis?
Why did the USA fail in
Vietnam?
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Part Two 70 mins
Depth Study – Causes and Events
of the 1st World War 1890 -1918
Why was there increasing tension
between the Great Powers, 1890–
1914?
Why did the First World War break
out in 1914?
What happened on the Western
Front?
How important were the other
fronts?
Paper One – Part One
The Big Picture
50 mins
Section B – The Cold War 1945 -75
Who was to blame for
Who won the Cuban
Why did the USA fail in
the Cold War?
Missile Crisis?
Vietnam?
Why did the USA-USSR
How did the USA react to Why did the USA get
alliance begin to break
the Cuban Revolution?
increasingly involved in
down in 1945?
Why did Khrushchev put
Vietnam?
How had the USSR gained missiles into Cuba?
What were the different
control of Eastern Europe
Why did Kennedy react as ways that the USA and the
by 1948?
he did?
Communists fought the
How did the USA react to Who won the Cuban
war?
Soviet expansionism?
Missile Crisis?
Whose tactics were the
Who was more to blame
most effective – the USA’s
for the start of the Cold
or the Communists’?
War, the USA or the USSR?
Why did the USA
withdraw from Vietnam?
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Paper One – Part Two 70 mins
The Big Picture
Depth Study – Causes and Events of the 1st World
War 1890 -1918
Why was there
increasing tension
between the Great
Powers, 1890–1914?
Did the Alliance System
make war more likely?
How far did colonial
problems create tensions
between the Great Powers?
Why were problems in the
Balkans so difficult for the
Great Powers to solve?
How important was the
Kaiser in causing the
worsening international
situation?
Why did the arms race
escalate, 1900–14?
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Why did the First
World War break out
in 1914?
Why was Franz Ferdinand
assassinated?
How did the assassination of
Franz Ferdinand lead to the
outbreak of war?
How far were the actions of
Austria-Hungary, Britain,
Germany and Russia
responsible for the outbreak of
war?
How far did the Schlieffen
Plan contribute to the outbreak
of war?
What happened on the
Western Front?
How important were
the other fronts?
Why did the war get bogged
down in the trenches?
What was living and fighting
in the trenches like?
How far did General Haig
mismanage the Battle of the
Somme?
How important were new
developments such as tanks,
machine guns, aircraft and
gas?
What was the importance of
America’s entry into the war?
Why did Germany agree to
an armistice in 1918?
Who won the war at sea?
What happened in the
Gallipoli campaign of 1915?
Why was Russia defeated in
1918?
Using the sources complete your single bubble
What can you learn about the Causes of World War One?
What can you
learn about
the Causes of
World War
One?
Using the sources complete your single bubble
What can you learn about the Causes of World War One?
What can you
learn about
the Cuban
Missile Crisis?
British Government Poster produced in
1914
What is the message?
Nature
Origin
Purpose
MESSAGE
Own Knowledge
British Government Poster produced in
1914
Nature of the source The purpose is
A Speech
A cartoon
An official report
An obituary
Campaign poster
Propaganda poster
A Memoir
A Table of statistics
A letter
A textbook
photograph
More useful because
Limited in its use because
British Prime Minister Herbert Asquith's
Address to Parliament, 6 August 1914
With the utmost reluctance and with infinite regret,
His Majesty's Government have been compelled to
put this country in a state of war with what for
many years and indeed generations past has been
a friendly Power.
The Papers which have since been presented to
Parliament will, I think, show how strenuous, how
unremitting, how persistent, even when the last
glimmer of hope seemed to have faded away,
were the efforts of my right hon. Friend the Foreign
Secretary (note: Sir Edward Grey) to secure for
Europe an honourable and a lasting peace.
A Speech
Despite his ultimate victory, he is held responsible for the deaths
of half a million British troops by some and accused of an
unimaginative and out-dated approach to combat.
Historians will continue to debate Field Marshal Haig's leadership
– from his persistence with cavalry, to the introduction of army
dentists – with an interminability akin to the Great War itself.
When he was given a state funeral at Westminster Abbey, The
Times wrote: "Great crowds lined the streets ... come to do
honour to the chief who had sent thousands to the last sacrifice
when duty called for it, but whom his war-worn soldiers loved as
their truest advocate and friend.“
Extract from Douglas Haig’s
Obituary
A Police Report on the effects of an
air raid in June 1917 (official report)
Air Raid 13th June 1917
A British
cartoon
Summary of available information
Time
Place
Bombs
Casualties
dropped
10.45pm Kent Essex 25
Killed
Injured
11.30pm
and London
85
425
Notes
Casualty numbers are believed to be correct but additional
information may emerge in the next day or two
Damage
120 houses
Iron
foundry
Liverpool
Street
Station
Recollections of a wartime women worker in
an engineering works. From Howard Martin,
Britain since 1800: Towards the Welfare State’
1988
‘None of the men spoke to me, and they
would give me no help as to where to find
things. My drawer was nailed up, and oil
was poured over everything through a
crack.’ A
Memoir
Total
Country Mobilized
Forces
Killed
Prisoners
Casualties
Total
Wounded
and
as % of
Casualties
Missing
Forces
ALLIED AND ASSOCIATED POWERS
Russia
12,000,0 1,700,00 4,950,00 2,500,00 9,150,00
00
0
0
0
0
76.3
British
Empire
8,904,46
7
2,090,21
2
191,652
3,190,23
5
35.8
France
8,410,00 1,357,80 4,266,00
0
0
0
537,000
6,160,80
0
73.3
United
States
4,355,00
0
4,500
323,018
7.1
908,371
116,516
204,002
A table of statistics –showing
casualties in WW1
Propaganda
poster
Today we had an interesting time. About 12 cars left
here about 1:30 p.m. yesterday, Thursday, & went up
towards the front, en route got orders to return to a
town of some size 25k away & take wounded from that
town to another fair sized town at 18-20k distance. It
was a glorious sunny & mild day, a pretty run & we got
into the first town about 4 p.m. or a bit earlier. All the
population & many soldiers turned out to see us as no
English convoy had ever been there, the female
population in great voice & sweet smiles. We pulled up
in main street & just about same time a German Taube
flew up & over the town.
A letter sent from the Western Front
A textbook
A photograph, Gas
attach WW1
What is the purpose?
Answer this question: aim for ½ side
The purpose of this source is …
This is supported by evidence from the
source such as … (aim for 2 and explain)
My own knowledge supports this
because … (what do you already know
that the source does not tell you? Aim
for 2 and explain)
Paper One – 2 Hours
The Big Picture
Using the Big Picture handout chose a topic
that stands out of being of interest, using the
textbooks research this topic
Produce a poster to illustrate the topic you
may only use 5 words on your poster
You will need to present your poster to the
class in 20 minutes
Have fun
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Paper One – 2 Hours
The Big Picture
What do you think the soldiers in this picture
were doing ?
One
hour
before?
One
hour
later?
One day
before?
One day
later?
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What causes War?
List five reasons why you think a country
might go to war
Compare the list with your neighbour
Combine your lists to come up with 3 agreed
reasons to feedback to the class
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Depth Study – Causes and Events of the 1st World War 1890 -1918
What was the trigger?
Which of these are likely to have killed 20 million people by
starting World War I
1. A man takes a wrong turning in a car.
2.A battleship is sunk.
3.The leader of one country insults the
people of another.
4.An army moves across a border.
5.A bomb is dropped.
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Paper One – Part Two 70 mins
The Big Picture
Depth Study – Causes and Events of the 1st World War 1890 -1918
Why was there increasing tension between the
Great Powers, 1890–1914?
Did the Alliance System make war more likely?
How far did colonial problems create tensions between the Great Powers?
Why were problems in the Balkans so difficult for the Great Powers to solve?
How important was the Kaiser in causing the worsening international situation?
Why did the arms race escalate, 1900–14?
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Long term causes of tension before the outbreak of World War One
Increased rivalry over navies and Empires, Britain and Germany
Increased tension over the Balkans between Austria and Russia as the power of Turkey declines
Increased build up of arms from all powers resulting in an Arms race
1905/6The Morocco
Crisis
1871 Germany takes the
region of Alsace
Lorraine from France
1839 The Treaty
of London,
between Britain
and Belgium
1907Triple Entente
signed
1906 Britain builds
the 1st
Dreadnought
1882The Triple
Alliance formed
1908 Germany
builds a
Dreadnought
1904 Entente Cordial signed
between Britain and France
Pre 1900
1900
1892 FrancoRussian Alliance
formed
1911The Agadir
Crisis (Morocco)
1905
1908Austria 1910
annexed Bosnia to
her Empire
1912
1st Balkan War
1915
WAR !
1905 Germany
writes Schlieffen
Plan
1909 Russia
begins to build up
her army in case of
war
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1913
2nd Balkan War
France prepares Plan 17 to recapture
Alsace Lorraine
Britain creates BEF in case of
European War
28th June 1914
Assassination of
Archduke Franz
Ferdinand
Why was there increasing tension between the Great Powers, 1890–1914?
Did the Alliance System make war more likely?
Objectives
 To be introduced to the
rival Alliances
 To understand and
evaluate the relative
geographical positions of
the Alliances
 To begin to investigate
reasons for tension
between the Alliances
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Depth Study – Causes and Events of the 1st World War 1890 -1918
Why was there increasing tension between the Great Powers, 1890–1914?
Did the Alliance System make war more likely?
Complete your blank map showing the Two Alliances
Complete - The fact that European countries were in two alliances
made war more/less likely because……..
Which Alliance is better postioned geographically?
How would you feel if you were the Triple Alliance?
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Depth Study – Causes and Events of the 1st World War 1890 -1918
Which Alliance is better
geographically positioned?
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Why was there increasing tension between the Great Powers, 1890–1914?
Did the Alliance System make war more likely?
Complete your blank map showing the Two Alliances
Use the sheet to read about each country, what reasons can you
find why one country may want to go to war with another one?
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Depth Study – Causes and Events of the 1st World War 1890 -1918
Europe In 1914
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Europe in 1914
Seating Plan
Britain
Eleanor A
Hollie B
Alex B
France
Tamur
Georgia
Autumn
Russia
Rebecca
Jessica R
Joe
Kai
Grace
Chelsea
Austria
Eleanor M
Donovan
James
Serbia
Emily
Holly W
Jessica Y
Britain
Europe in 1914
Seating Plan
Russia
Cameron
Daniel
Caryl
Euan
Gemma
Bethany R
Klaudia
Verity
Dominique
Sophie
George
Verina
Finlay
France
Dylan
william
Kasia
Reece
Alex
Serbia
Austria
David
Bethaney L
Jessica
Georgia
Matthew
Isabella
Simra
Leona
Matthew
Britain
Europe in 1914
Seating Plan
Russia
James A
Grace
Adam
Fran
Arron
Alisha
Zoe
Matthew
Josh M
George
Tom
Charlotte H
Charlie
Charlotte P
France
Robert
Erin
Courtney
Ben
Serbia
Austria
Leah
Ross
Elliot M
Eve
Louis
Paddy
Elliot T
Josh W
Britain
Europe in 1914
Seating Plan
Russia
Amelia
Maggie
Millie S
Elliot
Kamil
Johnny
Germany
Jamie
Zac
Kyle
Sheldon
France
Tom
Bobby
Daniel
Serbia
Austria
Ciara
Georgina
Megan
Milly C
Niamh
Abbie
Europe in 1914
http://www.channel4.com/history/microsites/F/firstworldwar/img/maps/map1.2.jpg
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Which ALLIANCE is which?
Fill in the sheets for each country as you
move around the room
Country Name:
Main Aim:
Who stands in the way of this?
Why?
Any other aims or worries?
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Anthems etc…
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LHDxUvDXFqg
Germany
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pw0jvqx1mNU
Mars, Bringer of War
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RuV8Kgm5Tu8
Russia
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g7kVj1vGJ2s
France
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7MG27BKwjaI
I Vow to thee, my country (I can’t stand God Save the Queen – it’s a durge!)
•
•
•
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NWE76uSCh5U
Serbia
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nbBP5KPCRTk&feature=PlayList&p=53E25DDB
44778FF1&playnext=1&playnext_from=PL&index=4
Mission Impossible theme
•
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So, what is the situation in Europe
at this time….?
• What are some of the possible causes for
WWI?
• So, as with any event the causes need a
“trigger” to set the event going.
• You are now “representing” the country on
your table
• Think about the main aims and worries
you have…
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What if?
Stand up if your country would
join in
1. Germany attacks UK?
2. Germany attacks France?
3. Russia attacks Germany? (Remember:
France and UK will only support Russia
if Russia didn’t start the fight!)
4. Austria-Hungary attacks Serbia?
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Europe In 1914
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Where is the Tension?
Use the information on pages 213 and 214 to show the causes of tension between the Countries, there may not be a cause for every box.
When you have finished highlight the box which you think has the most tension in it?
Country
Germany
Britain
France
Russia
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Why might
these examples of tension lead to an arms race?
AustriaHungary
Italy
Explain why there was tension in
Europe before 1914
One reason is
This caused tension because
Another reason is
This caused tension because
A final reason is
This caused tension because
6 marks
Half a side
Give 3 causes and
explain why each
of them caused
tension
Why was there increasing tension between the Great Powers, 1890–1914?
The Tension builds – The Arms Race
Objectives
To understand the term
Arms race
To investigate the
relative strengths of the
Alliances
To apply this knowledge
to source questions
v
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Depth Study – Causes and Events of the 1st World War 1890 -1918
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1. The strongest country in 1914 was _____________. My
evidence for this is ______________________ _____ this
shows they are strong because __________________. Also
… (repeat with new evidence)
2. The strongest alliance in 1914 was _____________. My
evidence for this is ______________________ _____ this
shows they are strong because __________________. Also
… (repeat with new evidence)
3. Kaiser Wilhelm and George V DID/DID NOT have a reason
to be jealous because __________________ and
_______________
Source A – ‘The Arms race in which all major powers were involved contributed to a sense
that war was bound to come, and soon. Financing it caused serious financial difficulties for all
the governments involved in the race; and yet they were convinced there was no way of
stopping it.
Although publically the Arms Race was justified to prevent war, no government had in fact
been deterred from arming by the programmes of their rivals, but rather increased the pace of
their own armament production.
James Joll, Origins of The First world War, 1922. Joll is a well respected British Historian with expert knowledge of
this topic
What is the message of source A?
Source B
1900
1910
1914
France
0.7m
0.8m
5.0m
Britain
0.6m
0.55m
0.25
Russia
1.1m
1.3m
6.0m
Austria
0.25m
0.3m
3.0m
Germany
0.5m
0.7m
4.9m
Italy
0.25
0.3m
0.75m
Source C – in Molke’s opinion there was
no alternative to making preventative war
in order to defeat the enemy while we still
had a chance of victory….I pointed that
out that the Kaiser…would only agree to
fight if our enemies forced war upon
us…Written by Gottlieb Von Jagow, the German
Foreign Secretary, May 1914. He was writing from
memory soon after the war ended.
The arms build up, the military personal.
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Which source is more useful B or C?
The Tension builds – The Arms Race
What is the message of source A?
Source A – ‘The Arms race in which all
major powers were involved contributed to a
sense that war was bound to come, and soon.
Financing it caused serious financial
difficulties for all the governments involved
in the race; and yet they were convinced there
was no way of stopping it.
Although publically the Arms Race was
justified to prevent war, no government had
in fact been deterred from arming by the
programmes of their rivals, but rather
increased the pace of their own armament
production.
James Joll, Origins of The First world War, 1922. Joll is
a well respected British Historian with expert knowledge
of this topic
The message of the source is …
My evidence from the source
to support this is … (this is how it
supports the message… explain)
And …
My own knowledge supports
this because… (this is how it supports
the message …explain)
And…
Aim for
2-3
source
details
+
2-3 own
knowledge
details
The Tension builds – The Arms Race
Which source is more useful B or C?
Source B
1900
1910
1914
France
0.7m
0.8m
5.0m
Britain
0.6m
0.55m
0.25
Russia
1.1m
1.3m
6.0m
Austria
0.25m
0.3m
3.0m
Germany
0.5m
0.7m
4.9m
Italy
0.25
0.3m
0.75m
The arms build up, the military personal.
Source C – in Molke’s opinion there was
no alternative to making preventative war
in order to defeat the enemy while we still
had a chance of victory….I pointed that
out that the Kaiser…would only agree to
fight if our enemies forced war upon
us…Written by Gottlieb Von Jagow, the German
Foreign Secretary, May 1914. He was writing from
memory soon after the war ended.
The most useful source is source ___ because …
The source is useful as … (Use NOP)
The evidence in the source is useful because …
My own knowledge supports this because …
Source __(the other one)_ is less useful because …
Why was there increasing tension between the Great Powers, 1890–1914?
How far did colonial problems create tensions between the Great Powers?
Why were problems in the Balkans so difficult for the Great Powers to solve?
Objectives
To understand
the geographical
placing
To investigate
answers to the
key questions
To evaluate the
level of tension in
Europe by 1914
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Depth Study – Causes and Events of the 1st World War 1890 -1918
Map of British Empire
Why might an increase in the German Empire
increase tension with Britain?
Map of the German Empire
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Why was there increasing tension between the Great Powers, 1890–1914?
How far did colonial problems create tensions between the Great Powers?
Under the tile – The Morocco Crisis 1905
Explain what happened in 1905
Explain what the result was of this?
Repeat this for 1911
Looking at both examples, how has these examples
increased the tension in Europe and the likelihood
of war?
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Depth Study – Causes and Events of the 1st World War 1890 -1918
Why was there increasing tension between the Great Powers, 1890–1914?
What is the message of this source?
Nature
Origin
Purpose
MESSAGE
Own Knowledge
Always answer these source questions by following
1 Answer the question
2 Support with direct reference to the source
3 Place in context using your own knowledge
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Depth Study – Causes and Events of the 1st World War 1890 -1918
Answering source questions
Minimum half a side on lined A4 paper
Answer the exact question
Support with evidence from the source , at least two specific references
Support with own knowledge, at least two specific details that place the source in context. Use the date to help
you explain what is going on.
Structure
The message is…
Evidence from the source that support s this is….
My own knowledge supports this as
Example
The message is that Britain and France are happy together as they have defeated Germany’s plans concerning
Morocco in 1905 and left Germany angry.
Evidence from the source that supports this message is that Britain and France are shown as two
people dancing together as a couple; France is shown as a woman with France written on her hat. This shows
that Britain and France have worked well together. Germany is drawn as a pantomime villain and has a clock,
looking angry in the background, showing they are not part of the decisions. The character of Germany says’
foiled but our time will come’ showing that they are angry.
My own knowledge supports this as the cartoon is dated 1905 and is referring to the first Morocco crisis.
Germany had made a speech supporting Morocco’s independence as the French were looking to take over. At
the following conference Germany were humiliated and France and Britain agreed to work closely together as
shown in the cartoon. Two years later they would sign the Triple Entente.
Why was there increasing tension between the Great Powers, 1890–1914?
Why were problems in the Balkans so difficult for the Great Powers to solve?
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Depth Study – Causes and Events of the 1st World War 1890 -1918
Why was there increasing tension between the Great Powers, 1890–1914?
Why were problems in the Balkans so difficult for the Great Powers to solve?
The Balkans had become an increasingly unstable area
because –
 Many different nationalities were mixed together
The area had been ruled by Turkey for many years but now Turkey’s
power was in decline, others look to step in
The new governments that were set up instead of Turkish rule were in
disagreement with each other
Two great powers, Russia and Austria bordered counties in this region.
Both want to control the area and gain more access to the Mediterranean
Sea.
Tension grew worse in 1908 when Austria annexed (took over) Bosnia.
 Russia supported this move if they gained access to sea routes. Russia
did not get this and was left humiliated.
 Bosnia had many Serbs leaving there, Serbia was not happy and looked
to free Bosnia from Austrian rule
 (look out there’s a Black Hand about!!)
 Two Balkan Wars followed in 1912 and 1913, an increasingly unstable
region with Russia and Austria eyeing up the region!
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Depth Study – Causes and Events of the 1st World War 1890 -1918
Why was there increasing tension between the Great Powers, 1890–1914?
Why were problems in the Balkans so difficult for the Great Powers to solve?
List 3 reasons the Balkans were an unstable area:
•
•
•
Explain why the Balkans led to tension between the Alliances
(6 marks)
Give three clear reasons
One reason is
because
Another reason is because
My final reason is
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Depth Study – Causes and Events of the 1st World War 1890 -1918
Why were problems in the Balkans so difficult for the
Great Powers to solve?
What is the message of this
source? (6 marks)
The message of the source is …
There is evidence in the source to
support this such as …
And …
My own knowledge supports this
because …
And …
French cartoon from 1908, showing the expansion of Austria-Hungary
in the Balkans. The Emperor of Austria-Hungary and Prince Ferdinand
of Bulgaria are tearing apart the Turkish Empire.
Why was there increasing tension between the Great Powers, 1890–1914?
Exam Practise
Question C – The following contributed equally to the
increasing tension between the great Powers before 1914:
How would you create a
quick plan for this
answer?
i) The actions of the Kaiser in Morocco
ii) Events in Bosnia in 1908-9
How far do you agree with this statement?
Structure for answer
Paragraph – Explain how the actions of the Kaiser in
Morocco increased tension
Paragraph explain how events in Bosnia in 1908 increased
tension
Conclusion – Do you agree they were equally important?
Yes/No and why
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Depth Study – Causes and Events of the 1st World War 1890 -1918
Why was there increasing tension between the Great Powers, 1890–1914?
Topic Reflection – why was there so much tension?
Objectives
 To review the causes of
tension in Europe
 To prioritize the causes
of tension
 To look forward as to
why the War might start
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Depth Study – Causes and Events of the 1st World War 1890 -1918
Exam Practise
Describe the systems of Alliances in Europe before 1914. (4 marks)
1.
2.
3.
4.
Explain why there was so much tension in Europe before 1914? (6 marks)
1.
2.
3.
Exam Practise
‘The Arms Race was the most important cause of World War One’
How far do you agree with this statement? (10 marks)
Paragraph to agree
1.
2.
Paragraph to disagree – give other causes!
1.
2.
Conclusion – what judgement have you reached?
Exam Practise
Why was this source published in 1912?
The source was published in 1912
because …
The source supports this because…
And…
My own knowledge supports this
because …
And …
Exam Practise
How far does this source explain why colonial
troubles caused tension in Europe?
The source explains why colonial troubles
caused tension in Europe because …
The source supports this because…
And…
My own knowledge supports this because …
And …
However the source does not tell us the whole
story because…
Why was there increasing tension between the Great Powers, 1890–1914?
Topic Reflection – why was there so much tension?
M
A
I
N
DRAW YOUR
OWN
DIAGRAM
FOR
REVISION
AND USING
THE BOOKS
ADD 2
EXAMPLES
OF EACH
What was the trigger?
Which of these are likely to have killed 20 million people by
starting World War I
1. A man takes a wrong turning in a car.
2.A battleship is sunk.
3.The leader of one country insults the
people of another.
4.An army moves across a border.
5.A bomb is dropped.
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What happened on the Western Front?
A Review
Organise your notes – making sure that all of your work is up to date, stuck
in and the contents page is filled in
Review your notes – Decide on
What question would you still like to ask
What are the three most important facts to remember?
What was the most interesting thing you have discovered?
What three skills will you need to do well in the exam
Design a 5 minute revision activity on this topic
Swap activities with your neighbour, do the activity and give them
feedback on how useful it is
Be ready to share your examples with the group
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Depth Study – Causes and Events of the 1st World War 1890 -1918
Why was there increasing tension between the Great Powers, 1890–1914?
How can we apply this knowledge?
Objectives
 To attempt exam
questions
 To peer mark exam
questions
 To write tips for exam
answers
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Depth Study – Causes and Events of the 1st World War 1890 -1918
What is the message of this cartoon – Use the Cartoon
and your own knowledge to explain your answer
 The message of the
source is……..
 Two or Three details
from the actual source
that provide the
message
 Two or Three points
placing the source in
context (contextual
knowledge)
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The Alliances in 1914
Russia
Great Britain
France
Germany
Serbia
Great Britain
Austria- Hungary
Germany
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