Review of previous events and
the period known as………….
“The Era of Good Feelings”
1817-1825
Presidents: 1789-1825
Federalist Party
 1789-1797 ….GW (Virginia), Adams VP, TJ secState
 1797-1801…..John Adams (Mass), TJ VP
Democratic-Republican Party
 1801-1809…..TJ (Virginia), Madison- SecState
 1809-1817……Madison (Virginia), Monroe- SecState
 1817-1825……Monroe (Virginia), JQA- SecState
National Republican Party (only one)
 1825-1829…..JQA (Mass), Henry Clay-SecState (Loser)
Some themes to review…………
Evaluate the Contributions of the Federalists
What does it mean to evaluate????
Evaluate the Contributions of the
Federalists………….
Positives
Negatives
Established viable govt
Political Parties emerge
Solid economic foundation
Alien and Sedition Acts
Order (Whiskey Rebels)
Jay’s Treaty
Avoided War (esp w France)
Never settles impressment
Created order on Frontier
Never settles forts on
frontier
Est 2-term precedent
“Peaceful Revolution” (1800)
Pinkney’s Treaty
Est. Judicial system
(Marshall)
How did the Election of 1800 influence
Future politics?
•Personalities become more important than issues
•The House of Reps sets a precedent for elections with
less than majority
•The Peaceful Revolution- “the ballot, not the bullet”
•Amendment 12 creates VP as president’s running
mate
•Judiciary Act of 1801 (Midnight Judges)
•Marbury v Madison (Judicial Review established)
•John Marshall appointed by lame duck Adams
How did Thomas Jefferson’s presidency uphold
And promote the same Federalist policies
He opposed before 1801?
• B.U.S. grew
•Marbury v Madison (during TJ’s term)
•Favored a larger protective tariff
•Attack on the Barbary Pirates
•Louisiana Purchase
•Embargo Acts
Significance of Louisiana Purchase…………
•Doubled American property
•Westward movement- cheap land, safety valve,
“Empire of Liberty”
•Perpetuated TJ’s dream of agrarian America
•Stretched the Constitution with loose
construction (by TJ) led to “Tertium Quids”
•Strengthened US claims to Oregon country
•Improved relations with France, tense w/Britain
•Nationalism, seeds of Manifest Destiny
•New states, aggravated slavery issue
Aaron Burr:
The
Infamous
Shootist
John Pickering, District Court Judge:
Impeached and Removed
for Intoxication and Mental Instability, 1804
Supreme Court
Justice
Samuel Chase
Appointed by GW
Impeached, but
Not removed by
A D-R Congress
Evaluate the Embargo Acts…………
•Kept us out of war
•Bought time to build Navy
•Increased power of the Federal
Government
•Opposition to Embargo revived
Federalists (esp in New England)
•Encouraged infant industries
•D-R used loose construction of
Const
“Death of the Embargo “
Causes of the War of 1812……….
•Freedom of the Seas (common cause of wars in
USA)
Impressment (8000 impressed b/n 1808-1811)
Macon’s Bill #2- Napoleon draws US into war
•Indian Attacks…….British never left the forts and
now
Tecumseh defeated at Battle of Thames by
Harrison
Creeks def by Jackson @ Horseshoe Bend
•War Hawks elected in 1810…..”On to Canada”
Henry Clay (Kentucky)
John C. Calhoun (South Carolina)
Daniel Webster (Massachusetts)
Felix Grundy (Tennessee)
Two Famous War Hawks:
John C Calhoun and Henry Clay
Tecumseh, the “Shooting Star”
Oliver Hazard Perry, hero of
Battle of Lake Erie
“We have met the enemy,
And they are ours….”
Battle of New Orleans
By Johnny Horton
In 1814 we took a little trip
Along with Colonel Jackson down the mighty Mississip.
We took a little bacon and we took a little beans
And we caught the bloody British in the town of New Orleans.
[Chorus:]
We fired our guns and the British kept a'comin.
There wasn't nigh as many as there was a while ago.
We fired once more and they began to runnin' on
Down the Mississippi to the Gulf of Mexico.
We looked down the river and we see'd the British come.
And there must have been a hundred of'em beatin' on the drum.
They stepped so high and they made the bugles ring.
We stood by our cotton bales and didn't say a thing.
[Chorus]
Old Hickory said we could take 'em by surprise
If we didn't fire our muskets 'til we looked 'em in the eye
We held our fire 'til we see'd their faces well.
Then we opened up with squirrel guns and really gave 'em ... well
[Chorus]
Yeah, they ran through the briars and they ran through the brambles
And they ran through the bushes where a rabbit couldn't go.
They ran so fast that the hounds couldn't catch 'em
Down the Mississippi to the Gulf of Mexico.**
We fired our cannon 'til the barrel melted down.
So we grabbed an alligator and we fought another round.
We filled his head with cannon balls, and powdered his behind
And when we touched the powder off, the gator lost his mind.
[Chorus]
Yeah, they ran through the briars and they ran through the brambles
And they ran through the bushes where a rabbit couldn't go.
They ran so fast that the hounds couldn't catch 'em
Down the Mississippi to the Gulf of Mexico.**
Effects of War of 1812………
•New respect for US diplomatically
•War Heroes (esp. Andrew Jackson, also WH Harrison
•Industry stimulated (by embargo and war)
Protectionism, Tariff of 1816
stop British “dumping”, protect infant industries
•Revealed sectional disunity…..The Hartford Convention
•End of the war= death of Federalist Party, begins “Era of Good
Feelings”
•Emergence of Nationalistic Pride and American Culture
JF Cooper, Last of the Mohicans, Leatherstocking Tales
Noah Webster…….Dictionary uniforms spelling
McGuffey’s Reader
Hudson River School of Painting…….Landscapes….
Charles Burton,
Parson Weems- story of GW
American Architecture, Greek revival of 1820s
Stephen Decatur’s home
Designed in 1819 by
Benjamin Latrobe
Decatur died in a duel in 1820
Features of the “Era of Good Feelings”
•Monroe visits Boston to warm welcome…… 1 Party Exists
•Henry Clay’s “American system”
National Bank…………….2nd Bank of the US established
Protective Tariffs……….. Tariff of 1816 (stop dumping)
Internal Improvements……….Erie Canal, National Road
•Panic of 1819- caused by overspeculation on West. Lands
wildcat banks foreclosed, went bankrupt
•1819 Missouri Compromise- MO=Slave, ME=Free
“Firebell in Night”, “Wolf by the Ears”
compromised on a moral issue
•1819 Adams-Onis Treaty…Spain cedes Florida
(due, in part to Jackson’s shenanigans)
•1823 Monroe Doctrine= Latin America=US turf
MacAdam surface road construction
Compare the Era of Good Feelings
w/ Federalist Era…….
•Started out united, one party. Factionalized over time
•Domestic stability led to focus on economic growth
•Clay’s American System……Hamilton’s Plan
American System
Hamilton’s Plan
2nd Bank of US
1st Bank of US
Protective Tariffs
Revenue Tariffs
Internal Improvements
Funding at par
•Monroe, like Washington was respected Virginia plantation owner who was
a sound administrator , served 2 terms.
•Federal gov’t strengthened (by Ham &Army in Feds, Marshall in E.G.F.)
•Difference: Federalists stabilize economy, D-R face Panic of 1819
Federalists sketchy foreign policy (Jays, undecl w/Fr, Br violations
D-R have foreign policy success w/ JQA (Adams-Onis, Monroe Doc)
SC Decisions of John Marshall (Fed, JQA appointee)…….
They Strengthened Federal Government and Private Industry
•Marbury v Madison- est. Judicial Review
•McCulloch v Maryland- state cannot tax Federal entity“the power to tax is the power to destroy” (Marshall)
•Cohens v Virginia- SC can review any state ruling
•Gibbons v Ogden- only Congress (not States)
can regulate interstate commerce
•Fletcher v Peck- state cannot impose a contract on a private
party
•Dartmouth College v Woodward-private contracts protected from state interference
From the grave, Hamilton smiles at Marshall’s
decisions!!!!
John Marshall, Chief Justice
1801-1835
Longest Chief
Established Judicial cred
These men dominated their professions like none other