Peace Treaties during the
Inter-War Period
IB 20th Century World
Peace treaties signed 1918-23
TREATY
Dealt with:
Signed on:
TREATY OF BREST-LITOVSK
Russia
March 1918
TREATY OF VERSAILLES
Germany
28 June 1919
TREATY OF ST GERMAIN
Austria
10 July 1919
TREATY OF NEUILLY
Bulgaria
27 November 1919
TREATY OF TRIANON
Hungary
4 June 1920
TREATY OF SÈVRES
Turkey
20 August 1920
TREATY OF LAUSANNE
Turkey
September 1923
Paris Settlement 1919-23
Territorial changes made to the three great
empires by the peace treaties
Treaty of
Brest-Litovsk
Finland
To
Denmark
Estonia
Latvia
Lithuania
Treaty of
Versailles
RUSSIA
GERMANY
To
France
Poland
Czechoslovakia
AUSTRIA HUNGARY
Austria
Hungary
Romania
Yugoslavia
To Italy
Treaties of St Germain and
Trianon
Treaty of St. Germain
• Austria
– Similar to treaty with Germany but harsher on
this new state
• Territory reduced to Vienna and the German
speaking western provinces = 1/10 size of before
• Army limited to 30,000
• Navy limited to 3 police boats on Danube River
• Reparations
Treaty of Saint Germain
• The Treaty of Saint Germain, July 10, 1919,
between the Allies and the new Republic of
Austria. Not ratified by the US.
• Austro-Hungarian Empire to be dissolved.
• Republic of Austria recognized the
independence of Hungary, Czechoslovakia,
Poland, and the State of Slovenes, Croatians
and Serbians.
• Included war reparations of large sums of
money, directed towards the allies, to pay for
the costs of the war.
Treaty of Trianon
• Hungary
– Even harsher on this new state
• Lost ¾ of it’s territory
• 2/3 of it’s population
• 3 million Hungarians become citizens of Rumania,
Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia
• Army limited to 35,000
• Reparations
Treaty of Trianon
• The Treaty of Trianon concluded in 1920 at
the end of WWI by the Allies and Hungary
• The treaty established the borders of
Hungary. Hungary lost over 72% of the
territory it had previously controlled, which
left 64% of the inhabitants, including 3.3 out
of 10.7 million (31%) ethnic Hungarians,
living outside Hungary.
• In addition, the newly established nation of
Hungary had to pay war reparations to its
neighbors.
Treaty of Neuilly (noo-yee)
• Bulgaria
– Lost border territory to Yugoslavia & Greece
– Forced to surrender her navy
– Limit army to 20,000 men
– Reparation payments
Treaty of Neuilly
• The Treaty of Neuilly, dealing with
Bulgaria for its role as one of the Central
powers in WWI, was signed on Nov. 27,
1919 at Neuilly, France.
• Bulgaria was also required to reduce its
army to 20,000 men, pay reparations
exceeding $400 million, and recognize
the existence of the Kingdom of Serbs,
Croats and Slovenes.
Treaty of Sevres (sev-ruh)
• Turkey (Ottoman Empire)
– Secret Treaties made during the war was to
divide the empire among the allies.
• This was in a mess for over 20 years. The land
was divided up between the allies
– Palestine, Mesopotamia, Jordon went to Britain
– Syria and Lebanon to France
Treaty of Sevres
• The Treaty of Sèvres (10 August
1920) was the peace treaty between
the Ottoman Empire and Allied at
the end of WWI. The treaty nullified
the territorial gains of the empire
during the war.
• Sevres is a suburb of Paris (where
treaty was signed)
Treaty of Lausanne (loh-zann)
• The Treaty of Lausanne was a peace treaty
signed in Lausanne, Switzerland on September
24, 1923
• The treaty was the consequence of the Turkish
War of Independence between the Allies of
World War I and Turkey.
• The treaty also led to the international
recognition of the sovereignty of the new
Republic of Turkey as the successor state of the
defunct Ottoman Empire
Treaties of St Germain (1919), Neuilly (1919), Trianon
(1920), Sèvres (1920) and Lausanne (1923)
Terms
St Germain (Austria) and Trianon (Hungary):
- Czechoslovakia formed from provinces of
Bohemia, Moravia, Slovakia, Ruthenia.
- Romania received Transylvania and Bukovina
- Serbia (Yugoslavia) received Dalmatia, BosniaHerzegovina, Croatia, Slovenia
Sèvres (Turkey):
- Mandate of Arab provinces (Transjordan,
Palestine and Iraq to Britain; Syria and Lebanon to
France)
- Hejaz joined to rest of Arabia
- Greece received Smyrna for 5 years, E Thrace,
Aegean islands
- Italy received Rhodes and Dodecanese
Neuilly (Bulgaria):
-Greece received Aegean coastline and W. Thrace
- Romania received Dobrudja
- Serbia (Yugoslavia) received parts of Macedonia)
- Straits internationalized
Lausanne (Turkey):
- E. Thrace restored to Turkey
-Smyrna withdrawn from Greece
- Rhodes and Dodecanese withdrawn from Italy