Problems/Threats
 British controlled Canada
 British had forts on U.S.
land (Ohio Valley)
 Spain had Florida &
Louisiana
 France & Britain at war
 Should U.S get involved?
 neutrality
- don’t choose sides
- don’t help France
or Britain
 isolationism
- avoid alliances
- keep to ourselves
 US & Britain signed Jay’s
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Treaty; end Ohio forts
France angry at US
French attack US merchant
ships going to Britain
Adams sent 3 reps to France
to talk peace
French demanded tribute
($) to talk; angered
Americans
Congress prepared for war
 recruited 10,000 soldiers
 built 12 ships
 paid privateers to attack
French ships
 Adams against war
 Sent peace mission to
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France
new French ruler
Napoleon agreed to peace
U.S. & France ended
alliance
Many Americans against
peace with France
Adams lost reelection
 Britain & France at war
 Both attacked U.S. trade
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ships
Britain impressed American
sailors
Pirates in N. Africa held
merchant ships for ransom
U.S. paid tribute to keep
ships safe
Tripoli (a Barbary state in N.
Africa) demanded more $
and declared war on U.S
 Jefferson sent warships
-protect U.S. ships
-attack Tripoli
 U.S. & Tripoli signed
treaty, end tribute
 U.S. destroyed other pirate
bases
 Embargo Act (1807) ended
trade to stop British &
French attacks on ships
- Americans lost jobs
- repealed in 1809
- attacks continued
 British & French attacking
U.S. trade ships
 British impressing
Americans
 Madison considered war
 New Englanders &
Federalists against war
- trade with Britain
 South & West favored war
- Indians attacked settlers
with British guns
 War Hawks for war
- want Canada
- want to stand up to British
 Congress declared war on
Britain (1812)
 U.S. tried to take Canada;
failed
 British burned D.C.
 British attacked Fort
McHenry; failed
- Francis Scott Key wrote
poem; later national anthem
 U.S. defeated 7500 British at
New Orleans
 Peace treaty signed 2 weeks
earlier (Treaty of Ghent, 1815)
 Neither side won
 Indian resistance
weakened; leave Ohio
 National pride grew
 Federalist Party weakened
 Two war generals later
become presidents:
 William Henry Harrison
 Andrew Jackson
 Miguel Hidalgo led
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Mexican Rev. against Spain
1821 Mexico won
independence
Simon Bolivar & Jose de
San Martin led revolutions
against Spain in South
America
1825, last Spanish troops
left Latin America
U.S. supported revolutions
Some Europeans wanted to
help Spain get land back
Monroe wondered
 Monroe made speech to
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Congress
Announced his policy
called “Monroe
Doctrine”
Warned Europeans stay
out of Latin America
U.S. would stop them
U.S. wanted to be
dominant influence in
Americas
Showed world U.S. was
strong; confident