Sara Hsu
 India
and geography
 Independence from Britain in 1947
 Nehruvian Socialism
 1947
to 1980
• Early growth
• Droughts and crisis
• Focus on poverty reduction
• “License raj”
• “Hindu rate of growth”
 1980
to 1991
• Improvements in industrial policy
• Industrial stagnation in 1988
• Balance of payments crisis
 1991
through 2000
• IMF policies
• New Economic Policy
• Reform of banking system
• Building up to Y2K
 2000
to present
 Aftermath of Y2K
 Firm relocation to India
 Land
reform since Independence
 Goal: Reduction of poverty
 Green Revolution
 Characterization of villages
 Policy
campaigns for reform
 Fast GDP growth
 Hyderabad
 Nehru
 Ghandi
 Rao
60
50
40
Agriculture
30
Manufacturing
Services, etc.
20
10
0
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
 India’s
reform process really began in
1991 as a result of a balance of payments
crisis.
 Reform opened up trade and made it
easier to start a business.
 Most growth in India is in the skilled
services (IT) sector.
 “India
Shining” is the slogan used
starting in 2004 to promote India
internationally. The government spent
over USD $20 million on television and
newspaper ads using this slogan.
 Questions?