Unit 4: Imperialism
What will we learn today?
10.4.1 The rise of industrial economies and their link to imperialism.
10.4.2 The locations of colonial rule of such nations as England, France, etc.
10.4.3 Imperialism from the perspective of the colonizers and the colonized.
Pretend you are an
imperialist who is setting
out to conquer new land.
Pick a place on the map to
conquer and explain why.
OIL
Natural resources,
diamonds
Natural resources,
coal, iron,
minerals
Strategic location,
good agriculture
Natural resources,
stones, spices,
and consumers
Strategic location
to cut through
Americas
Natural resources,
timber and rubber
Reflection
 How did your group and other groups act
when you were marking your territories?
 Do you think this was a fair way to claim
land?
 If unclaimed land remains, who should get
it?
11.1 The Scramble for Africa
Big Idea
Ignoring the claims of African ethnic groups,
kingdoms, and city-states, Europeans
established colonies. African nations continue
to feel the effects of the colonial presence more
than 100 years later.
Objectives
 Describe Africa before European domination.
 Summarize the motives of European
colonizers and the factors that allowed them
to control Africa.
 Identify the three groups that clashed in
South Africa.
Essential Question
How did the Industrial Revolution lead to
European colonization? What were the effects
of colonization on Africa?
Imperialism
A policy in which a
strong nation seeks to
dominate other
countries politically,
economically, or
socially.
Industrialization to Imperialism
• The Industrial Revolution
pushed Europe to find more.
resources to fuel their industries
• They competed for new markets
and goods  Africa became the
target.
• Colonial Powers seized vast
areas of Africa during the 19th
and 20 centuries.
Check for Understanding
What continent was a target for European
imperialism?
Africa Before European Dominance
Africa is a CONTINENT not a country…
In case you forgot!
Europeans
actually
controlled very
little African
territory at the
beginning of
the 19th century.
Check for Understanding
Is having thousands of languages going to
help Africa defend itself or hurt it?
Check for Understanding
What is Africa: country or continent?
Check for Understanding
Why was most of the European territory
on the coast?
Europeans saw Africa
as an unoccupied land
waiting to be taken.
Myth of the “Dark Continent”
• Europeans were unable to
penetrate the interior of
Africa because of disease
and travel difficulties.
• Dr. David Livingstone
and Henry Stanley
• Stanley – an American
journalist found
Livingstone and then
charted the Congo
• King Leopold II of
Belgium began to claim
parts of the Congo
through treaties made by
Stanley. This began the
land scramble.
Check for Understanding
Was King Leopold II’s interest in Africa
good or bad for native Africans?
King Leopold II of Belgium
“I don't want to miss
the chance of
getting us a slice of
this magnificent
African cake.”
Congo
Soldiers in the Belgian Congo
Congo Rain Forest
Downtown Kinshasa
Do you agree with this statement:
Successful people have earned their
success through hard work.
Do you agree with this statement:
I don’t feel bad that we killed all the
Indians. Survival of the fittest, baby.
.
Social theory (based
on Charles Darwin’s
scientific theories)
that said that those
who were fittest for
survival enjoyed
wealth and success
and were considered
superior to others.
Line up around the room
according to your shirt color
Smartest and most
evolved!
Social Darwinism
Blue shirts
Green shirts
Yellow shirts
Red shirts
Orange shirts
Brown shirts
Black shirts
White shirts
Dumb and need the blue
shirts help to educate and
civilize you
Driving Forces of Imperialism
 European nations needed natural resources
and markets for their goods to improve their
economies.
 Belief in European Superiority:
1.
2.
3.
4.
National pride
Competition
Racism
Social Darwinism
Check for Understanding
What were the driving forces of
imperialism?
Cecil Rhodes stated “I
contend that we are
the finest race in the
world, and the more
we inhabit the better it
is for the human
race.”
De Beers Diamonds
Check for Understanding
Does it bother you, or will you still buy
diamonds?
The Europeans
believed that an
empire was
proof of a
nation’s
greatness.
Each nation was
determined to
take as much
territory as
possible.
Check for Understanding
In order to be a strong nation, you
needed to have a large?
What is the author trying to say?
White Man’s Burden
This idea that is the
White Man’s duty to
civilize the world’s
“savages.” This was a
justification for taking
over foreign lands.
Check for Understanding
Tell me the White Man’s Burden in your
own words…
Check for Understanding
Do you think that native populations
should be forced to attend school,
establish government, end brutal
ceremonies, etc?
Reality.......
White Man’s Burden
•Do you think that these country’s
needed “help?”
•Do you think in the long run imperialism
will help these countries?
•What is the persons perspective who
made the video?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1iKnW3OxM0o&feature=fvw
• Machine gun –
superior weaponry
• Steam engine:
boats and trains –
made travel easier
• Variety of language
and culture – did
not encourage unity
amongst Africans
• Rivalry amongst
ethnic groups –
kept Africans from
uniting against the
Europeans
Maxim gun
Check for Understanding
Which of the four advantages do you
think was most important?
Check for Understanding
What was decided at the Berlin
Conference?
Check for Understanding
How many representatives from Africa
were at the Berlin Conference?
Shaka Zulu
A Zulu Family
South Africa
West Coast National Park
Cape Town, South Africa
Cape Town, South Africa
Cape Town, South Africa
Cape Town, South Africa
Cape Town, South Africa
Zulu Tribe
Zulu Tribe
Zulu Dance
The Clash Over Africa
• Three groups mainly fought over
Africa: Africans, Dutch and
British
– Europeans saw the lands as empty
• Local Wars in South Africa
– (Zulus v. British)
• Shaka Zulu controlled a large
centralized state. When he
died the British invaded the
Zulu nation and was defeated
by their superior weaponry.
Check for Understanding
What was the name of the African tribe
that was most troublesome for the British
to defeat?
Local Wars in South Africa Continued
Boer Wars (Boers v. British)
– Boers are Dutch farmers, also known as Afrikaners who settled in
South Africa
• Diamonds and gold were discovered in S. Africa a rush
of people came to get rich
• A rebellion broke out – the Boers blamed the British
– This was the first “total” war
• Ultimately the British won the war
Check for Understanding
How many representatives from Africa
were at the Berlin Conference?
Check for Understanding
Who won the Boer War?
Summary
How did Industrialization lead to
Imperialism?
Political Cartoon
Draw a political
cartoon
representing the
concept of Social
Darwinism and
White Man’s
Burden
Assignment:
European Imperialism in Africa
Name______________________Date___________ Per___
Who had the
biggest piece
of the “cake”?
Reminder
Quiz next class on geography.
Study your map!