⑥ - - v the Sun 365 days orbits around Earth · Time Period (365 days 6 = one orbit) I time approx. hours andgrine for Earth Orbit of => elliptical. is closes 1 Earlh enalone · ⑥ hence slightly elliptical treated as Earth radius sun sun -> further generally circular a orbit. · orbit circular elliptical orbit form I speed:the average speed with Orbital · any body "There of is a Earth v orbits variation slight from sun change = due to ↑ ↓ speed Unit: => orbital 23.50 o If, SI * The axis must, of Earth's varicos from 2 or body. the distance orbit." circumference of circle (lengthof time taken => Earth other elliptical its itous the orbital speedas in v TTU so which the around ↓ for orbit m/s rotation is lifted at 23.5 orbits Day and Nightof equal lengthe facing toward -> Isomma facing away (winters) .........-- longest day shortest night => longestmight maximum Day and Nightof equal Lengthe #- daylight hours # (shortestdaytime minimum daylight hours aVL "Length of understand helps the length of daytime # to ⑰ East North ·1 41 - equinoxa." southwest Equinox Winta Solstice Equal daytime & night time # shorter # # sun sets rises at pure from pure East& and solstices in ↓ son E West. of I # days rises & ten Earth. Its less. Rises longer nights. surface from the inclination angle of southeast and sets South West. summer Solstice I · - longer days & shorter nights sun 1 rises Earth. Its of is more S surface the inclination more from angle of ↑ # Rises NorthEast and sets North West. · orbits Moon calenders ILunan · Moon are around revolves rotation of Earth around Earth. (1 month =27 days perfectly synced not its own Therefore only with calmdens). normal axis atthe same one side speed as of the Moon risibe is ⑥ / ⑥ ⑥ w - V ~ - ⑥ - system solar Asteroids on -mer Large rocks that have atmosphere no and an orbitif in their of have the own Asteroid belt. Meteoroids are smaller sized rocks broken asteroids. out -> of They enter the Earth's atmosphere,They When -> Planet 1. Planets Spherical shape have an orbit 2. Must around Sun 3. No atmosphere debris in its and orbit Dway smaller than are even the Moon. meteor. startto burn due become they high speedand to air Example:Pluto, loves, Eris. Makemake - resistance. star comet of shame. ·comet's made out data · A comets pass closer to ftcompuses mainlyare ice of here gas tobe blownaway are Data body that produces energy of its own using fusion reaction. Sun, melt. to radiations cause comet causes dustand Motion When celestial in solar planets system about Son is a million times heavier than Earth) gae solids remember X! v ↓ < <- e having more mass in less volume have more gravity. Eg GN ~ planets = gx Mass of planet (M) approx same graw. field strength ~ surface temperature of 1. Distance from Greater distance son from gG (Radius of planet) Earth:5.97 Dia=1200x100km x1O4Kg 2 Saturn: 568x102ky a planetdepends (G:constant) Dia=120x103km on, Sun > less sun's of intensity radiation reaches planet the Hence less surface temperature of planet Atmosphere 2. Thin trap inner atmosphere doesnt from of planet come thatrecieved and Sun. Hence down. Larger surface area promotes via heat more Infrared transfer radiation. So it cools. the heat surface from cools Mars is cooler than Earth is as it away sun and also has thinner a => ~The => further from Planets the astovoid after belt IJupiton, Satan, Uranus, Neptune) as cool are surface very away from they are very farheatreaches there. on atmosphere the great time Surface Area of planet 3. radius less Very Sun. orbitthe larger of is the period. T2 constxRP orbital = T2 ↓ ↑ ↳ time seriod I to orbit - radius 11 7 / · - / - sun - ~ strength field Sun is strongestat Gravitational of the thesurface from the Distance orbit increases ·circular motion. 1/ - -R3 of - & strength son on of planet decreases force. cincipetal ! & field strength less > a & ~ / sun and of see the as distan Sun increases. Gravitational force from the planet Sun to "Fa -actsas - >grav, field of orbitaround Sun causes less acc - > of orbit lime increases >ockital speed decrease. and stars -> of cloud A Universe the gas, mainly thatconvents into Helirm via fusion reaction Hydrogen Radiations of light, infrared and ultraviolet -> out coming comprises mainly of visible stan rays. Energy -> fusion is provided maintain to reaction going I on fusionitself heatin as Son isamainsequenceone Om around 5600K of ~ White -> hotten stays Blue Stars are and Red or yellow or are less hot. d vxt = d (3.0x10%) (365x24x3600) = d 907600X1015m = stars => lightyear 1 extremely for away hence distance them measured are in i.e. distance travelled lightyears. space in one year. by lightin · · Closest are to star is Alpha-Centaniwhich 4.31 is Lightyears away. and large cloud of gas galaxy contains Galaxy:Awhich stars. Itspirals and ↳ is a in a universe. dust moves planets etc. Our Milky Way is a ene galaxy and Spiral edge. 1100,000 night years in dial Milky Way is around 13.6 billion years Formation -> -> of star large collapse A cloud gas and of under its fixed. whats protosian -> own formed called continues and it enoughto Jesion cause Life cycle of a fusion generati enough pressure from the inside balance to graw. force large from outside. the into Helium Turns Hydrogen produced via temp of is collapsing stops heat and a collapserises until cove fusion begins. Once star -> graw. is reaction. -> dust star Istable · When star begins to run out The heat · Hydrogen fuel, of outward is force expansion counter its insufficient the Lore and a other the comes to accelerate. ofthesay getred Helium into now, outer I heat use to gravitational force. · produced expansion star sequence red torms into Main · a 'heavier or elements. m >8xmson <- m > oxmson <- to Hydrogens consume and and causes Red Superfant. nor giant Small mass:red Large giant mass:red super giant of Death Medirn/ small nlass star a fuel toin Hydrogen the The 1 begins core out. c the · begin core 3 of elements in fuse to and high temperative the fuse core as strong grav. field keeps temperature. -- & its it Eventually, reaction force of They have · · largeto expansion red giant. masses Fusion reaction in them higher starts go like soon · Heatproduced to etc. a Red into size due Eventually, when elements and Iron, decreash, Helioen in the producing end start fusion reactions of huge formcalled a explosion carbon etc. causes The star toms free · · dwarfs. longer at Hydrogen elements into black (Longer Supergiant. to may they of hydrogen. at late slantto run When · of the Sun. that · · that more times a an Star High Mars a fusion end, to come mainly contain dwarfs dements like Iron, Sodium turn and Death these heavier and surface gave expand due to cool · when turn They collapsing. 5 of star away.high it denser and becomes space. nebula remains. has the It center cone called a white due to Its white very cause well a Than planetary surface re on ofislaw · outer rises. core expell sugace gases the 7. Hydrogento y run this · pointwhen the temp in the is extremely high causes core, explosion in to Ata · an heavier temp 6 surface a the energy and supanova. lightproduced Isveryhigh suchthatsee aswell and Hydrogen The fuse expand. due to extracollapses arther grow. I he elements core outer C which space as expel in clouds/nebula. ore. If redsupergiantwas small, Neutron star is formed thathasheart inside. Buta large amountof fusion reaction going itwas It - no on is radiated being elements contains the as heavier and the star. of at spins extremely high rate come radioware pals which sussound it. generating much. Itdoes not glow red was of the large, the extremly dense core supergiant Black hole. Not even a into itturns lightcan of out escape of it. ~ Universe The -> is expanding! that Shiftin color of star prove from one away occurred. Red are stanare the on stationary :n & observed actual wavelength wavelength ↑wavelength Red increases Violet ·me q actual wavelength · · - 1= longer & h star recedes a · In away faster, of sions, wave moves in is Doppleis Effect. great red shift case a wavelength (free) difference called - a wavelength of observe, the observed source away from is shortch) observed is longer (observed free wavelength the actual. This than wavelength ↑ofit shows the When > a red shiftin theircolor was seen need natelescopes this provedthat when observing expanding. · validates the ideal thatBig Bang would at was concentrated have occurred. Everything point and this universe an that exploded giving all in point outward It also ↑ velocity.
