PIEMIX Table of Contents 1 Introduction 2 What is Ulang 3 Market Potential Chapter 4-7 contains the secrets of the following *setting up your grow out and breeding for optimal 4 condition 5 6 7 *How To Breed ulang with proven techniques minimal effort and producing successful result *How to raise Healthy ulang with efficient method that can boost the growth of your prawn in short period of time so you can sell it fast and gain profit fast *easy and effective way on where and how you can sell your fresh water prawn Bonus!!! innovative ways you can do to your freshwater prawn that can make you rich and be the next prawn entreprenuer! C H A P T E R 1 introduction to ulang Welcome to the world of giant freshwater We prawn farming! In this ebook, you will knowledge of farming giant freshwater prawns learn the in low-cost set-ups. Our expertise originates Philippines' most profitable and delicious from attending various seminars and our own aquaculture commodities: giant hands-on experiences. We are eager to provide freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium you with the best practices and valuable tips on how to cultivate Rosenbergii), locally one of the known as are excited to share our extensive successfully selecting the ideal pond, sourcing "Ulang." high-quality prawns, maintaining optimal water The giant freshwater prawn is a highly quality, preventing and treating diseases, and in-demand delicacy in local and foreign effectively markets, with an average price of more products. With our guidance, you can earn up to than Php400.00/kg in the local market. It 20,000 - 100,000 pesos per harvest of larvae has a similar taste and appearance to or adults. We are confident that our insights the tiger prawn and lobster but with a will help you thrive in this exciting industry. lower production cost and environmental This ebook is designed to guide individuals impact. It can be grown in freshwater interested in initiating or enhancing their giant ponds, aquarium tanks, ref tubs, or even freshwater prawn farming industry, whether for in your backyard or garage, using low- recreaEbook. This ebook will assist you in cost and simple techniques we will teach accomplishing your goal and experiencing the you in this e-book benefits harvesting of enterprise. this and fulfilling marketing and your sustainable CHAPTER: 2 WHAT IS GIANT FRESH WATER PRAWN ? A Freshwater prawn, commonly known as "ulang" in some regions, refers to a type of freshwater crustacean. These prawns are similar to shrimp but are typically larger and have a different appearance. They are an important seafood resource and are popular in various cuisines around the world. Diffrent Ulang Cuisine WHAT IS ULANG ? Physical Characteristics: tAXONOMY CLASSFICITTAION Kingdom - Animalia PHYLUM - ARTHROPODA SUBPHYLUM - CRUSTACEA CLASS - malacostraca order - decapoda SUBORDER - pleocyemata infraorder-CARIDEA(NATANIA) superfamily - PALAEMONOIDEA Family - PALAEMONIDA subfamily - PALAEMONINAe genus - MACROBRACHIUM species - ROSENBERGII (GIANT RIVER PRAWN ) Size: These freshwater prawns are among the largest, growing up to 30 centimeters (12 inches) or even longer when fully grown. Body Structure: They feature a lengthy, cylindrical body with a well-developed cephalothorax (fusion of head and thorax) and a distinct abdomen. Coloration: Their color varies based on their surroundings, from greenish-brown to blue-gray, often displaying darker spots and stripes along their body. Chelae (Claws): Their powerful claws have long, serrated fingers used for defense, hunting, and handling objects. Rostrum: They sport a noticeable rostrum between their eyes, which can differ in length and shape among individuals. Antennae: These prawns possess lengthy, slender antennae crucial for sensing, navigating, and communicating. Walking Legs: They have five pairs of walking legs, with the first pair adapted into chelipeds (clawbearing legs). Tail Fan: Their large, fan-shaped tail fan, or telson, assists in swimming and movement. Distribution of Macrobrachium rosenbergii Biology Macrobrachium encompasses a total of 150 species worldwide, among which 49 hold notable commercial value. Within the commercially significant Characteristics of Macrobrachium Rosenbergii The carpus of the periopods is longer than the merus. In males, the second pair of periopods is thicker compared to other species. The rostrum has 13 teeth in its lower part and is long, slightly bending upward. The telson extends to the end of the uropods. Mature M. rosenbergii juveniles and adults are typically blue, sometimes brownish with orange stripes. Giant freshwater prawns are nocturnal, omnivorous, and benthic feeders. Prawns are slow nibblers, using their twin pincers to bring food to their mouths for chewing. Their diet consists of zooplankton, aquatic animals, molluscs, crustaceans, algae, and organic matter. They are cannibalistic, particularly during molting, and forage at night while hiding during the day. Macrobrachium rosenbergii grows rapidly, can adapt to moderate temperature and salinity variations, and is suitable for pond cultivation. species, 27 are situated in the regions of Asia and the Pacific. The majority of these species thrive in freshwater habitats, with a select few preferring brackish waters near river estuaries. The native range of M. rosenbergii spans tropical and subtropical waters across the Indo-Pacific region, encompassing countries such as Malaysia, Thailand, the Philippines, India, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Indonesia, and Vietnam. These prawns are commonly sighted in diverse freshwater settings like ponds, rivers, lakes, ditches, canals, flood plains, and river mouths. Noteworthy is the migratory behavior of prawns, with instances of upstream migration reaching distances of up to 200km inland, extending to lakes and paddy fields. This migratory behavior is not exclusive to M. rosenbergii but is also exhibited by other species within the Macrobrachium genus. BODY PARTS OF GIANT FRESH WATER PRAWN 2) Rostrum 1) Antenna/Antenules 11) Eyes 3) C ep ha l (H otho ea rax d) 4) Ca ra pa ce (sh ell ) Pl eo po 1 ds 0) (S le wim gs m ) in g 6) Periopods 5) Tail(abdomen) 9)Chelae(Claw) 8) Uropods 7) Telson 1) Antennae: Prawns have two pairs of antennae. The larger pair, called antennae, is used for sensory perception, while the smaller pair, called antennules, plays a role in equilibrium and orientation.ragraph text 2) Rostrum: This is the pointed extension of the carapace (the hard upper shell) located between the eyes. It can vary in size and shape among different prawn species. 3) Cephalothorax: This is the combined head and thorax region of the prawn. It contains the brain, sensory organs, and various appendages. 4) Carapace: The carapace is the hard exoskeleton that covers the prawn's body. It serves as a protective shield for the cephalothorax. 5) Abdomen - The giant river prawn's abdomen usually comprises six segments, each with a pair of swimmerets known as periopods. These periopods are utilized for swimming, grooming, and transporting eggs. The abdomen tapers gradually towards the tail, culminating in a fan-shaped structure called the telson, which helps with propulsion and steering. 6) Walking Legs(periopods): In addition to their role in swimming and reproduction, the periopods also serve as walking legs when the prawn is on land or moving across the substrate in the water. 7) Telson: Section of the tail structure, found at the tip of the abdomen. It serves multiple purposes, including assisting in swimming, maintaining balance, and acting as a defense mechanism. 8) Uropods: Are flat, paddle-shaped appendages located at the rear end of the giant river prawn. They play a vital role in swimming, balancing, and steering, which are essential for its movement in water and navigation within its aquatic environment. 9) Pincers (Chelae): Prawns usually possess two sets of pincers or chelae. One set is larger and more specialized for capturing and manipulating food, while the smaller set is utilized for grooming purposes. 10) Swimming Legs (Pleopods): The periopods are frequently adapted into flat, paddle-like appendages known as pleopods. These specialized pleopods play a crucial role in the prawn's aquatic locomotion, enabling smooth movement in the water. 11) Eye: Prawns possess compound eyes composed of numerous tiny facets. These eyes offer a wide field of vision and are highly responsive to movement. DISTINGUISHING BETWEEN MALES AND FEMALES MALE Male prawn are usually bigger than female spiders and have a larger cephalothorax. They also have longer and thicker second pair of legs. In addition, males have more powerful and larger pereiopods compared to females FEMALE female prawn have broader abdomens and smaller second pereiopods than males,Also female have smaller body compare to same age male. EXAMPLE TYPES OF MACROBRACHIUM SPECIES MACROBRACHIUM LAR Macrobrachium lar is a species that is commonly found in freshwater habitats. It usually displays earthy tones such as brown, green, and blue, which help it blend in with its surroundings and avoid being detected by predators. This species is characterized by its decapod structure, exoskeleton, long antennae, omnivorous diet, and ability to adapt to freshwater environments. MACROBRACHIUM LIDAE Macrobrachium lidae, also known as the African river prawn, exhibits varied colors such as brown and green, which helps it blend into its freshwater habitat. Common traits of this species include omnivorous feeding, significant size, and a life cycle that is closely tied to aquatic ecosystems. MACROBRACHIUM LATIDACTYLUS Macrobrachium latidactylus is also known for its earthy tones, and is commonly found in brown and green colors that aid in habitat camouflage. This species has an omnivorous diet and displays a significant size, playing a vital role in freshwater ecosystem dynamics. MACROBRACHIUM ROSENBERGII Giant River Prawn, also known as Macrobrachium rosenbergii, is a species that features a robust size, brown or green hues, and elongated pincers. It is highly valued in aquaculture for its rapid growth and high market demand. DIFFRENCE OF FRESHWATER PRAWN AND MARINE SHRIMP When identifying freshwater prawns and marine shrimps, it is important to note the differences in their physical characteristics. One key difference is the positioning of the second abdominal pleuron. In freshwater prawns, the second pleuron overlaps the first and third pleura. On the other hand, in marine shrimps, the second pleuron only overlaps the third pleuron and is itself overlapped by the first. In addition to this, there are other distinguishing features that set the two species apart. Freshwater prawns are typically larger than marine shrimps and have a thicker exoskeleton. They also tend to have longer antennae and claws than marine shrimps. In terms of habitat, freshwater prawns can be found in rivers, streams, and lakes while marine shrimps live in saltwater environments such as the ocean. PRAWN SHRIMP PRAWN Shrimp Taxonomy and Classification: Shrimp and prawns are part of the same order, Decapoda, meaning "ten-footed," referring to their ten legs. Shrimp fall under the suborder Pleocyemata and infraorder Caridea. Prawns also fall under the suborder Pleocyemata but are part of the infraorder Caridea or Dendrobranchiata, depending on the species. Body Structure: Shrimp typically have a shorter, more curved body with abdomens overlapping their thoraxes, creating a distinct "C" shape. Prawns generally have a longer, more elongated body compared to shrimp, with straighter abdomens that do not overlap their thoraxes as much, giving them a more elongated appearance. Legs and Claws: Shrimp possess claws (chelae) on the first two pairs of legs, known as pereiopods. The remaining legs are usually slender and used for walking or swimming. Prawns typically have claws on the first three pairs of legs, with the third pair being smaller than the first two pairs. This additional pair of claws is a distinguishing feature between prawns and shrimp. Habitat and Distribution: Shrimp are primarily found in marine environments, although some species live in freshwater habitats. Prawns display more habitat diversity and can inhabit freshwater, brackish water, and marine environments. Certain species, like Macrobrachium rosenbergii, are well-known as freshwater prawns. Behavior: Shrimp tend to be more social and may form larger groups, especially in marine settings. They may exhibit intricate social behaviors and hierarchical structures. Prawns can also display social behaviors but may be more solitary in some species. Their behaviors vary based on the species and habitat, including burrowing, territoriality, and parental care. Size and Growth: Shrimp species exhibit a wide range of sizes, with smaller species measuring just a few centimeters, while larger species can grow several inches long. Prawns are generally larger than shrimp, with some species like the giant freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) reaching lengths of over a foot. Antennae Structure: Shrimps usually possess long antennae, which are frequently longer than their bodies. These slender appendages serve various purposes such as sensory perception, communication, and navigation. In contrast, prawns tend to have shorter antennae than shrimp, though there can be differences among species. The antennae of prawns may also be thicker or more robust in appearance. Rostrum Characteristics: The rostrum, or "snout," of shrimp and prawns can vary in shape, length, and curvature. Shrimp typically have shorter and straighter rostrums, although some species may have slightly curved or highly curved rostrums. Prawns show more diversity in rostrum shape and length. Some prawn species have straight or slightly curved rostrums, while others, like Macrobrachium rosenbergii, may have highly curved or hook-like rostrums. Coloration and Camouflage: Shrimp and prawns exhibit a wide range of coloration and patterns, often for camouflage in their habitats. Shrimp species can range from translucent to vivid colors, depending on their environment and behaviors. Prawns also have varied coloration, blending with their surroundings for predator evasion. Freshwater prawns may have more muted colors than marine species. Ecological Roles: Shrimp and prawns are vital in aquatic ecosystems as scavengers, predators, and prey. Shrimp contribute to marine food webs, aiding in nutrient cycling and serving as food for fish and marine mammals. Prawns have similar ecological roles in freshwater and marine environments, influencing ecosystem dynamics and being prey for larger predators. Life Cycle and Reproduction: Both shrimp and prawns undergo complex life cycles from larval stages hatching from eggs to metamorphosis into adults. Reproductive strategies vary among shrimp and prawn species, with some showing parental care and others using broadcast spawning. Freshwater prawns, in particular, may exhibit unique reproductive behaviors like burrow building or nest construction for egg laying. Market Potential of Giant Freshwater prawn Ulang, also known as Giant River Prawns, offer sustainable and profitable alternatives compared to other ventures. With decades of successful farming in the Philippines, Ulang is gaining popularity in the local market and has the potential to expand globally. This is exciting news for fishermen and entrepreneurs, who can now confidently participate in this business due to innovative strategies that have increased the Ulang survival rate from 20% to 85%. As aquaculture gains popularity in the Philippines, people are seeking specialized opportunities, and Ulang presents a low-cost venture with high profit potential. 1 Ulang is a promising alternative to tiger shrimp owing to its high market value, high export potential, and low susceptibility to diseases. Ulang is omnivorous, economical, and easy to raise and maintain. In addition to being sustainable, Ulang farming also offers a highly profitable business opportunity. With minimal costs and easy management, farmers can earn anywhere from 20,000 to 100,000 per month depending on the scale of their operation. Ulang farming requires less maintenance and infrastructure compared to other farming businesses. Even smallscale farmers can succeed in this business with the proper knowledge and techniques. Furthermore, Ulang can be harvested multiple times a year so that farmers can have a steady income stream throughout the year. With the increasing demand for Ulang in markets, the profit potential is even higher. Investing in Ulang farming promises financial benefits and contributes to the industry's sustainability because of high demand and low supply. CHAPTER 3 Materials and equipments Breeding tank for ulang is highly crucial to their productivity in mating, Ulang is very easy to breed, but the challenges about breeding tank is how to keep them stress free and disease free. CHECKLIST #1 Aerator /Airpump 30-50 watts Hides tub Airhose Airstone Filter Betadine Aquarium Net Calciumpowder/Crushed Eggshell PH tester Solar aerator Air splitter Important Factors in setting up Breeding tank WATER QUALITY Water quality is the crucial part of the breeding needs, clear and clean water is the secret for productivity of your breeders. There is different type of water we used from breeding but common source of our fresh water is tap water to make sure that your water is perfect you need to aerate it for overnight before using to your giant river prawn after aerating it overnight test it with ph tester. Once the result is perfect you can now use your water for breeding. HIDES A breeding tank for crustaceans such as giant river prawns requires hiding spots for their privacy and to avoid light. Ulang, a type of prawn, is nocturnal, so they prefer to hide during the day and become active at night. Providing hiding spots in their tank makes them feel comfortable and safe during the molting process, which can be dangerous for ulang. Choosing the right hiding spot is important - I recommend using a PVC pipe that is weighted so that it sinks in water. Make sure that the pipe is big enough to fit your breeder size, about 4 inches pipe wide and 7 inches in length , especially the male ulang AERATION Aeration is crucial in indoor aquaculture for faster growth and safer water quality. DISSOLVE OXYGEN Dissolve oxygen is the concentration of air incorporated with water, Water bodies or like our breeding tank receives dissolve oxygen by atmosphere, water movement, and aquatic plants AMMONIA Ammonia can cause poisoning in our prawn, the level of the ammonia in tank should be zero. Having ammonia in our tank can affect our ulang in a longer time. Ammonia formed in rotten or a concentrated protein that coming from food waste or dead organic matter. PH TESTER FOR AMONIA PH TEST STRIPS pH test strips offer a fast and simple testing method. Just dip the strip in water and match the color change to the chart provided. Nonetheless, these strips are less accurate than alternative testing methods. HANDHELD PH METERS Handheld pH meters offer higher accuracy compared to test strips and are ideal for consistent monitoring. Simply insert the pH meter probe into the water, and you will receive a digital pH reading. Keep in mind that handheld pH meters need occasional calibration. Benchtop ph tester A benchtop pH meter is an electronic device utilized for measuring the acidity and alkalinity of liquid or semi-solid samples. It finds applications in various industries such as waste water management, drinking water quality assessment, food and beverage production, as well as chemical and pharmaceutical testing. Types of Set-Up Aquarium: Using an aquarium as a breeding tank for ulang is an excellent choice. It not only provides an elegant setup, but it also allows you to observe the behavior of the ulang inside the tank. Choosing an aquarium as a breeding tank can also make it easier to spot a berried female. The size of the aquarium depends on the number and size of the breeders. Small to medium farmers often prefer aquariums because they require less maintenance than other tank options. A 50-gallon aquarium can accommodate one or two sets of breeders (one male and three females make up one set). However, if you want to have 3-5 set breeders, you will need an 80-100 gallon aquarium. Stocking breeders in an aquarium can be tricky, especially if you are not sure what kind of aquarium to buy. It is best to choose a wide rectangular aquarium, preferably one that is wider than it is taller. If you have difficulty finding the right aquarium, you can have one customized at a glass repair shop or you can buy it online in facebook marketplace or any e-commerce like shopee and lazada . This way, you can tell them your desired size and design. Although buyingand finding a cheap aquarium may be challenging, you can find one online by joining Facebook groups like Fish Keeper Philippines and looking for second-hand aquariums. You can place the aquarium tank anywhere, such as your garage, a small room, or your backyard. Ref Tub Consider using a ref tub, which is essentially a recycled broken refrigerator that has been repurposed into an aquaculture tank, if you're hesitant to invest a substantial amount of money in breeding. You can easily find one in any junk shop or facebook marketplace. However, the downside is that many ref tubs are not large enough to accommodate a large number of breeders, and most of the available sizes can only hold 1-2 sets of breeders. Nonetheless, if you're a small-scale hobbyist in the field of ulang farming, it's a great option because it's inexpensive, environmentally friendly, and readily available. The best part is that, like an aquarium, you can put it in any location in your area. Cement pond Using a cement pond is an excellent option for medium to largescale fish farming, as it can be customized to fit the size and design requirements of your space. While creating a cement pond can be expensive and space-consuming, it is a more durable option than other types of tanks. To ensure that your cement pond remains water-proof and your setup is not damaged, it is essential to use appropriate waterproofing materials such as sahara and plexibond. Earthen Pond An earthen pond is highly recommended for large-scale farming of ulang because it provides the natural habitat that they need to grow. This type of pond helps ulang to grow faster and larger in a shorter period of time than indoor artificial ponds. Indoor setups have limited nutrients and food sources, but since ulang are omnivores, they require a diverse range of food options to thrive. Earthen ponds provide everything for our crustacean friends need to grow and thrive. Choosing a location for the pond is simple - all you need is a suitable space and create an earthen pond with a depth of 3-5 feet. You can also add some natural hiding spots such as old PVC pipes or twig hides to create a shade since most earthen pond is directed at the sunlight they need it from protection. Earthen ponds have their natural dissolve oxygen so you wont need an air pump for it. Water testing every week is necessary .
