I.L.T
B.ED
COLLE
GE
NATURALISM
Praksh S. Chauhan
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Meaning of Naturalism
Chief Characteristics of Naturalism
Types of Naturalism
Prominent Naturalist Philosophers
Principles of Education according to Naturalism
Naturalism and Aims of Education
Naturalism and Curriculum
Naturalism and Child / Learner / Student
Contribution of Naturalism to Education
Meaning of Naturalism
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Naturalism means return to nature break the chain of society is
the important slogan raised by the naturalists. Following are the
definitions of naturalism which throws adequate light on the
concept of naturalism.
“Naturalism is the exclusion of whatever is spiritual.”
- George
Haward
“Naturalism considers nature as the whole of reality.”
- Hokings
“Naturalism separates nature from God.”
Chief Characteristics of Naturalism
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Nature alone is the source of all knowledge.
Mind is subordinate to nature.
Material world is the real world.
There is nothing like ‘supernatural’
All values exist in nature.
Scientific knowledge is final.
Values are created in terms of specific needs.
In the nature order all human being are equal.
Everything lays in the hands of nature, human being degrades it.
Man creates societies to meet some of his needs.
Types of Naturalism
Biological
Naturalism
Mechanical
Naturalism
Physical
Naturalism
Prominent Naturalist Philosophers
Rabindra Nath Tagore
Francis Bacon
John Comenius
Herbert Spenser
J.J.Rouseau
Principles of Education according to
Naturalism
• Naturalism accords an important place to the educative
process.
• Naturalism advocates education in accordance with the
nature of the child.
• Naturalism considers natural environment as an important
source of education.
• Naturalism gives important to present life of the child.
• Naturalism states that adequate freedom should be given to
the child in the education.
• Naturalism has an insignificant place for acquiring
knowledge from the books.
Naturalism and Aims of Education
• It is generally says that naturalism has very little to offers regards to the
aims of education.
1. Developing the child in accordance with the nature.
2. Naturalism give permission to children what they want to do.
3. It allow children to live in harmony and unity.
4. It allow children to live in surrounding environment.
5. Naturalism stresses on autonomous development of child.
6. It give strength to children to fight against struggle.
Naturalism and Curriculum
• Curriculum should be arranged as the attitude,
aptitude, interest and needs of the child.
• Curriculum should be prepared in such a way that we
can see the overall developmental stages of child.
• Curriculum is based on the nature of the child and his
interest.
• It should stresses on science, geometry, English, and
all other subjects.
• It should give importance to physical and health
science.
• The skill of vocation should develop.
Naturalism and Child / Learner / Student
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Naturalism accepts the child as hero or star in the drama of education.
Child is very valuable and essential in his education.
Rousseau said that….
“ I hate books because they are curse to children.”
Rousseau said that….
“ Habits makes children slaves.”
A child should learn from the natural consequences of his actions.
Rousseau said that….
“ follow the reverse of the current scenario and you will almost do right.”
Rousseau said that…..
“ The nature of the child is good, the child should learn form the nature and natural
surroundings.”
Naturalism and the Teacher
• The highest function of the teacher consists not so much is
imparting knowledge as on stimulating the its love and
purists.
• The teacher should not impose himself on children. He
should provide an environment full of freedom.
• Naturalism believes that teacher should have the art of
observation.
• Naturalism believes that teacher should have the art of
teaching.
Contribution of Naturalism to Education
• Naturalism has very clearly drawn the attention of the educators to study
child.
• Naturalism has stressed that education process should be made pleasurable
and enjoyable.
• It stress that educational institute should be set up in natural surroundings.
• Naturalism give stress on learning by doing and learning by observing and
learning by inductive and deductive approach.
• Naturalism gave birth to new movement and new typed school named as
Neill’s Summer School and Visvabharti.
Limitations of Naturalism in Education
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Naturalism does not offer definite aims of education.
Naturalism is very minor place for books.
Naturalism by and large ignores the higher process of education.
Naturalism believes that physical education alone cannot considered adequate
for providing all education.
Complete freedom does not exists.
Naturalism minimizes the role of the teacher in the educative process.
Even till in today technological era teacher have same important place in the
teaching – learning process.
Naturalism ignores the moral and spiritual development of the child.
Bibliography
• Philosophical and sociological perspectives on education
Thanking
You
By
Prakash S. Chauhan