Head to www.savemyexams.com for more awesome resources 10.1 Diseases & Immunity Question Paper Course CIE IGCSE Biology Section 10. Diseases & Immunity Topic 10.1 Diseases & Immunity Difficulty Hard Time Allowed 50 Score /37 Percentage /100 Page 1 of 10 © 2015-2024 Save My Exams, Ltd. · Revision Notes, Topic Questions, Past Papers Head to www.savemyexams.com for more awesome resources Question 1a Streptococcus pyogenes is a pathogenic bacteria that spreads through direct contact with discharges from the nose and throat, as well as through open wounds and sores on the skin of infected people. In the 19th century, many women died shortly after childbirth due to a disease called puerperal fever, which is caused by an infection of S. pyogenes. At the time, it was common practice for doctors to dissect dead bodies in order to study human anatomy and then move straight onto delivering babies immediately after. Suggest an explanation for the frequent deaths of women after childbirth due to puerperal fever. [2 marks] Question 1b Table 1 shows the number of births and deaths at a hospital between 1841 and 1846. Table 1 year number of births number of deaths 1841 3036 237 1842 3287 518 1843 3060 274 1844 3157 260 1845 3492 241 1846 3905 479 Calculate and state the percentage change in the number of deaths between 1841 and 1846. Show your working and give your answer to the nearest whole number. [3 marks] Page 2 of 10 © 2015-2024 Save My Exams, Ltd. · Revision Notes, Topic Questions, Past Papers Head to www.savemyexams.com for more awesome resources Question 1c In 1847 a handwashing policy was introduced at the hospital from part (b) which stated that doctors should wash their hands before delivering babies in the maternity ward. This policy was strictly enforced in 1848. Fig. 1 shows the death rate of mothers from puerperal fever between 1846 and 1848. Fig. 1 Describe and explain the data from January 1847 to July 1848. [6 marks] Page 3 of 10 © 2015-2024 Save My Exams, Ltd. · Revision Notes, Topic Questions, Past Papers Head to www.savemyexams.com for more awesome resources Question 1d Other than washing their hands, suggest two other hygiene practices that doctors in hospitals should carry out in order to avoid the spread of pathogens to their patients. [2 marks] Question 2a Extended only CGRP is a protein found in the human brain. High levels of CGRP has been linked to the occurrence of migraines in sufferers. A possible treatment under investigation involves injecting mice with human CGRP. Explain how the immune system of mice would respond to the CGRP injection. [2 marks] Question 2b Extended only CGRP binds to receptors in the brain that triggers blood vessels to dilate. The dilation of blood vessels is responsible for the intense pain associated with migraines. The substances produced by the immune system of mice, after the CGRP injection, are extracted and modified before being sold as medication. When administered to migraine sufferers, these substances will bind to CGRP proteins in the brain. Suggest how this may act as a treatment for migraines. [2 marks] Page 4 of 10 © 2015-2024 Save My Exams, Ltd. · Revision Notes, Topic Questions, Past Papers Head to www.savemyexams.com for more awesome resources Question 2c Extended only Complete the graph in Fig. 1 to show how the number of antibodies changes when a vaccinated person becomes infected with a live pathogen. Fig. 1 Page 5 of 10 © 2015-2024 Save My Exams, Ltd. · Revision Notes, Topic Questions, Past Papers [2 marks] Head to www.savemyexams.com for more awesome resources Question 2d Extended only After many people were vaccinated against Covid-19, a new variant of the virus emerged that had different shaped antigens to the first version of the virus. This caused the vaccine to be less effective against the virus. Explain why having different shaped antigens caused the vaccine to be less effective against the virus. [3 marks] Page 6 of 10 © 2015-2024 Save My Exams, Ltd. · Revision Notes, Topic Questions, Past Papers Head to www.savemyexams.com for more awesome resources Question 3a Table 1 shows information about the number of deaths from malaria in a particular area of Africa. year number of deaths from malaria per 100 000 people 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 159 136 114 97 94 92 Complete Fig. 1 using data from Table 1. Page 7 of 10 © 2015-2024 Save My Exams, Ltd. · Revision Notes, Topic Questions, Past Papers Table 1 Head to www.savemyexams.com for more awesome resources Fig. 1 Page 8 of 10 © 2015-2024 Save My Exams, Ltd. · Revision Notes, Topic Questions, Past Papers [5 marks] Head to www.savemyexams.com for more awesome resources Question 3b Malaria is spread by the female Anopheles mosquito when they break through the skin of an uninfected person during a blood meal. Explain how the skin acts as a mechanical barrier against disease. [2 marks] Question 3c Extended only Once the mechanical barrier formed by the skin is broken, the malaria pathogen enters the blood. Outline the defence mechanism that will come into effect once a pathogen enters the blood. [4 marks] Question 3d Extended only Compare active and passive immunity with each other. [4 marks] Page 9 of 10 © 2015-2024 Save My Exams, Ltd. · Revision Notes, Topic Questions, Past Papers Head to www.savemyexams.com for more awesome resources Page 10 of 10 © 2015-2024 Save My Exams, Ltd. · Revision Notes, Topic Questions, Past Papers
