1
Quantitative risk analysis logic models generally consist of__ and__
A. Event tees and fault trees
B. Product trees and loss trees
C. Likelihood trees and consequence trees
2.
Process to find, list, and characterize elements of risk
A. Risk estimation
B. Risk evaluation
C. Risk identification
3.
Equipment reliability is especially important if leaks can be caused by
A. Secondary failures, such as loss of utilities
B. Primary failures such as leak due to severe corrosion
C. Tertiary failures due to valve gland packing leak
4.
The RBI program for environmental consequences, typically focuses
A. On acute and immediate environmental risks, rather than chronic risks from low-level emissions
B. On acute and immediate chronic risks than immediate environmental risks
C. Non threat environmental risks
5.
An analytical tool that organizes and characterizes potential accidents in a logical and graphical manner
A. Event tree
B. Event
C. Outcome
D. Consequence
6.
The type of failure mode that likely to occur due to SSC
A. Small holes to rupture
B. Small holes
C. Cracks
D. Only rupture
7.
No deterioration found in the inspection program but still failure can occur under the following conditions.
A. During plant construction period
B. As a result of change or process upset condition
C. All the above
8.
In RBI most of the probability assessment will be
A. Only quality assessment
B. Only quantity assessment
C. Blend of quality and quantity assessment
9.
________delineate initiating events and combinations of system
A. Event trees
B. Fault trees
C. Logic trees
10. The risk assessment programme which focuses on process unit design and operating practices and their
adequacy given the unit's current or anticipated operating conditions
A. RBI
B. PHA
C. HAZOP
D. RCM
11. ______ refers to a prescriptive methodology that has resulted from the application of risk analysis techniques
at many different types of facilitiesA. Quantitative risk assessment (QRA)
B. Qualitative risk assessment
C. Semi quantitative risk assessment
12. Utilization of RBI provides a vehicle for _________________
13. When the inspection program is optimized based on an understanding of risk, one or more of the following
cost reduction benefits may be realized. Except one
A. Ineffective, unnecessary or inappropriate inspection activities may be eliminated
B. Effective, necessary or appropriate inspection activities may be eliminated
C. On-line or non-invasive inspection methods may be substituted for invasive methods that require
equipment shutdown
D. More effective infrequent inspections may be substituted for less effective frequent inspections
14. When equipment has low deterioration rates as an inspector what you decide in lieu of internal inspection.
A. On-stream inspection
B. Out of service inspection
C. External inspection
15. __________is key to performing deterioration mechanism identification
A. Understanding equipment operation and the interaction with the chemical and mechanical environment
B. Understanding equipment operation and process upsets
C. Understanding equipment operation and its safety protective measures
16. Potential hazards identified in a PHA will often affect the
A. Probability of failure side of the risk equation.
B. Consequence of failure side of the equation
17. Effective inspection program can be derived for RBI from
A. Proper NDE method best suited for deterioration mechanism
B. Inspection coverage
C. Inspection frequency
D. All the above
18. Outcome of an event -
A. Consequence
B. Risk
C. Event
19. When some risk identified as acceptable then one of the following is not required.
A. Risk reduction
B. Risk evaluation
C. Risk mitigation
D. Risk control
20. Who should be consulted to define the equipment deterioration mechanisms, susceptibility and potential
failure modes?
A. A metallurgist or corrosion specialist
B. A metallurgist and corrosion specialist
C. A metallurgist only
D. Corrosion specialist only
21. Consequence is always.............For safety aspects
A. Negative
B. Positive
C. Neutral
22. The risk prior to mitigation activities
A. Unmitigated risk
B. Known risk
C. Mitigated risk
23. An RBI analysis shares many of the techniques and data requirements with a_____.
A. QRA
B. PHA
C. HAZOP
D. Event tree
24. The following types of pressurized equipment and associated components covered by RBI
A. Rotating equipment
B. Turbines
C. Pressurized pumps
25. ____________ is usually not the primary objective of a RBI assessment, but it is frequently a side effect of
optimization.
A. Reducing inspection costs
B. Increasing inspection costs
C. Increasing frequency of inspection programs
26. Consequence side of the risk equation is normally managed by
A. Inspection alone
B. Process safety personnel
C. Management
D. B&C
27. The primary work products of the rbi assessment and management approach and implementation of rbi
provides
A. Overall reduction of risk and acceptance of current risk
B. Overall increase of risk and acceptance of risk
C. Overall reduction of risk and negligence of current risk
D. Overall increase of risk and negligence of current risk
28. The models are evaluated _________ to provide both qualitative and quantitative insights about the level of
risk and to identify the design, site, or operational characteristics that are the most important to risk
A. Probabilistically
B. Statistically
C. Linearly
D. Logically
29. _________are the primary inputs into the probability of failure evaluation.
A. The deterioration mechanisms, rates and susceptibilities
B. Loss of containment f fluid
C. Fluid toxicity and its concentration
D. Damage mechanisms and its severity
30. The type of failure mode that likely to occur due thinning
A. Larger leaks or rupture
B. Only rupture
C. Metal loss
D. Cracks
31. The reduction in the ability of a component to provide its intended purpose of containment of Fluids
A. Deterioration
B. Damage
C. Degradation
D. Thinning
32. If a QRA has been prepared for a process unit, the analysis can borrow extensively from this effort.
A. RBI consequence
B. RBI likelihood
C. RBI probability
33. The primary audience for RP 580 is
A. Inspection and materials engineering personnel
B. Maintenance personnel
C. Only inspection personnel
D. Only materials engineering personnel
34. Following are the common mechanical deterioration mechanisms except
A. Fatigue
B. Stress/creep rupture
C. Tensile overload
D. Intergranular corrosion
35. Method used for consequence analysis should demonstrate the ability to provide
A. Just an analysis
B. No output is required
C. The required level of discrimination between higher and lower consequence equipment items.
36. Limitation of any negative consequence or reduction in probability of a particular event
A. Mitigation
B. Reduction
C. Residual
37. Risk presented in qualitative risk analysis as
A. Precise numeric value
B. Form of risk matrix
C. Form of event tree and fault tree
38. The ability to state the rate of deterioration precisely is affected by the following except
A. By equipment complexity
B. Type of deterioration mechanism, process and metallurgical variations
C. Inaccessibility for inspection, limitations of inspection and test methods
D. Lack of coverage of an area subject to deterioration
E. None of the above
39. Results of quantitative consequence analysis are usually expressed in
A. Numeric
B. Ranges from high to low
C. Frequency
D. Occasion
40. Coordinated activities to direct and control an organization with regard to risk.
A. Risk management
B. Risk evaluation
C. Risk control
41. _______ are often necessary to establish susceptibility of equipment to stress corrosion cracking.
A. Literature, expert opinion and experience
B. Cracking mechanisms
C. Damage mechanisms
D. Fluid toxicity and its constituents
42. RBI requires the commitment and cooperation of the
A. Total organization
B. Inspection
C. Maintenance
D. Materials engineering
43. A process to assess risks, to determine if risk reduction is required and to develop a plan to maintain risks at
an acceptable level
A. Risk management
B. Risk mitigation
C. Risk control
44. Act of mitigating a known risk to a lower level of risk.
A. Risk reduction
B. Risk mitigation
C. Risk evaluation
45 Toxic releases in RBI are only addressed when they affect
A. Personnel
B. Equipment
C. Process
46. Quantitative risk analysis logic models generally consist of _____ and ______
A. Event tees and fault trees
B. Product trees and loss trees
C. Likelihood trees and consequence trees
47. Process to find, list, and characterize elements of risk
A. Risk estimation
B. Risk evaluation
C. Risk identification
48. ___________may result in the calculated corrosion rate appearing artificially high or low.
A. Clerical error
B. Measurement error
C. Inspector error
D. UT scanning
49. ______ provides a consistent methodology for assessing the optimum combination of methods and
frequencies.
A. RBI
B. RCM
C. PHA
D. HAZOP
50. Generally, a qualitative analysis using broad ranges requires a ______ from the user than a quantitative
approach.
A. Higher level of judgment, skill and understanding
B. Lower level of judgment, skill and understanding
51. ________uses logic models depicting combinations of events
A. Quantitative risk analysis
B. Qualitative risk analysis
C. Process hazard analysis
52. Qualitative analysis is done and the outcome will be
A. Exact number
B. High, medium and low or range
C. Only in report
53. Through___________, inspection activities are focused on higher risk items and away from lower risk items.
A. RBI
B. PHA
C. RCM
D. HAZOP
54. The consequences of environmental damage are best understood by
A. Cost
B. Release
C. Volume of fluid
D. Toxic concentration
55. Combination of the probability of an event and its consequence
A. Risk
B. Failure
C. Loss
D. Reduction
56. Probability side of the risk equation is normally managed by
A. Plant inspectors or inspection engineers
B. Maintenance planning engineers
C. Process safety personnel
D. Both a and b
57. The type of failure mode that likely to occur due to pitting
A. Small hole sized leaks
B. Small holes to ruptures
C. Cracks
D. Catastrophic rupture
58. Probability of failure is normally expressed
A. Just as details
B. Mentioned in frequency
C. Cannot be measured
59. The program that is focused on understanding failure modes, addressing the modes and therefore improving
the reliability of equipment and process facilities.
A. RBI
B. PHA
C. RCM
D. HAZOP
60. .............Produces inspection and maintenance plans for equipment that should be implemented to
provide...............and................
61. Who can provide useful input (such as the spectrum of process conditions, injection points etc.) to aid materials
specialists in the identification of deterioration mechanisms and rates
A. Process specialists
B. Plant operation specialists
C. Asset integrity experts
D. Inspection engineers
62. ______Depict ways in which the system failures represented in the event trees can occur.
A. Event trees
B. Fault trees
C. Logic trees
63. __________deals with total risk than with risk involve only with the equipment.
A. QRA
B. RBI
C. PHA
D. FTA
64. Methods that use engineering judgment and experience as the bases for the analysis of probabilities and
consequences of failure
A. Quantitative risk analysis
B. Qualitative risk analysis
C. Process hazard analysis
65. RBI may include methodologies to assess the effectiveness of the management systems in maintaining
A. Mechanical integrity
B. Total asset integrity
C. Plant integrity
66. The following are the mitigations identified by RBI assessment that may be managed by actions other than
inspection. Except one
A. Modification of the process to eliminate conditions driving the risk
B. Modification of operating procedures to avoid situations driving the risk
C. Chemical treatment of the process to reduce deterioration rates/susceptibilities
D. Identifying and detecting deterioration and predicting future deterioration states with advanced inspection
technique(s)
67. Some failures have potentially serious consequences, but if the probability of the incident is low, then
A. The risk may not warrant immediate action
B. The risk may warrant immediate action
C. The risk may warrant appropriate mitigation action
68. Following will cover the functional failures except
A. Heat exchanger tube failure
B. Pressure relief device failure
C. Rotating equipment failure
D. Static equipment failure due to process environment
69. Potential source of errors in RBI analysis regarding data quality are the following except
A. If the base line thickness were not performed the nominal thickness may be used for the original thickness
B. If original thickness not available, averaged UT thickness readings may be used
C. If the original thickness not available, maximum UT thickness readings may be used
70. Following are not the residual risk factors for loss of containment.
A. Human error
B. Natural disasters
C. Fundamental limitations of inspection method
D. Toxic fluid containment
71. Qualitative consequence analysis of failure can be estimated separately for each unit, system, equipment group
or individual equipment item.
A. On the basis of expert knowledge and experience
B. On the basis of available data
C. On the basis of process and environmental conditions
D. No basis required since it is qualitative
72. Results from quantitative analysis logic models are validated by
A. Expert judgment
B. Inspection engineer
C. Maintenance engineer
D. Operations personnel
73. The following assumption can be made that significantly impact the calculated corrosion rate early in the
equipment life
A. If the base line thickness were not performed the nominal thickness may be used for the original thickness
B. If original thickness not available, averaged UT thickness readings may be used
C. If the original thickness not available, maximum UT thickness readings may be used
74. Termination of the ability of a system, structure, or component to perform its required function of containment
of fluid (loss of containment)
A. Failure
B. Risk
C. Outcome
75. Thinning causes the loss of material from
A. External surfaces only
B. Internal surfaces only
C. External or internal surfaces
76. The amount and type of codes and standards used by a facility can have
A. Significant impact on RBI results
B. No impact on RBI results
C. Less significant impact on RBI results
77. If operating condition have changed, deterioration rates based on inspection data from the previous operating
conditions
A. Valid till the equipment exists with any change
B. May not be valid
C. Can be valid with some correction by engineers
78. Probability of failure analysis is made from
A. Loss of containment that occurs due to deterioration mechanism
B. Consequences of the failure
C. Done just with previous experience
D. All the above
Answers
1
7
13
19
25
31
37
43
49
55
61
67
73
79
85
A
B
B
C
A
A
B
A
A
A
A
A
A
2
8
14
20
26
32
38
44
50
56
62
68
74
80
86
C
C
A
A
C
C
C
B
A
A
A
C
A
3
9
15
21
27
33
39
45
51
57
63
69
75
81
87
B
A
A
A
A
C
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
4
10
16
22
28
34
40
46
52
58
64
70
76
82
88
A
C
A
A
D
D
A
A
A
B
B
D
A
5
11
17
23
29
35
41
47
53
59
65
71
77
83
89
A
A
D
A
A
C
A
C
B
D
A
A
B
6
12
18
24
30
36
42
48
54
60
66
72
78
84
90
C
Note1
A
A
A
B
A
B
D
Note2
D
A
A
Notes
1
2
Continuously improving the inspection of facilities and systematically reducing the risk associated with
pressure boundary failures.
RBI, reliable and safe operation