3 models of learning: - Experiential learning (T give Ss many opportunities to use Eng in meaningful ways – positive attitude toward errors – give fback): usage-based, task-based, mono-task - Transmission model of teaching & learning (tell Ss the rules - Self-discovery / self-inquiring (Ss find the way to reach the destination): multitask, project-based Method vs. methodology Method: established methods constructed by experts in the field (top-down, decontextualized) Methodology: what practicing teachers usually do in the classroom to achieve their stated or unstated teaching objectives (contextualized) Pedagogy Dynamic interplay btw teachers, learners, and instructional mater during teaching – learning Post-method era: “here is a prescription” -> how can u respond to the learners’ need? / what does the teacher need Postmethod pedagogy (<-> particularity <-> practiciality <–> possibility <->) Post-positivism (hậu thực chứng): pp thực nghiệm kiểm chứng Post-modernism (hậu hiện đại): k theo 1 standard nào cả Post-structuralism (Hậu cấu trúc): nhân quả Post-truth: using weaponized lies to attack someone Func of T in the lesson: instructor, activator (knowledge, interest), model, provider of fb, supporter, assessor, manager, motivator, Func of Ss: participant, lang user, discoverer, questioner, recorder of infor T could… to help Ss be the lang user: Invite Ss to respond, provide gr work, value Ss’ contribution, respect when Ss do & don’t wish to speak and find out why Interaction pattern: comprehension check, grammar practice,… The lesson plan: instruction leaflet, a photo, story, road map, series of road signs, a written sum (make changes when necessary) Consider: goals, resources, adaption to textbook, acti, Ss interaction, time – spacing, use the classroom Lesson planning: principles (keep the Ss and their interest in mind): pre-while-post, scaffolding, mater & media, output & competence, social forms,… Lesson’s opening: lesson aims, lesson links to previous, future acti End: recap main points, relate to lesson aims, lesson links, HW, praise Ss’ achievement, Ss’ evaluation (!!!) After the lesson, T need to Reflect: Goals of teaching the text: comprehension, lang learn, discourse ana, follow-up Last lesson Teaching writing: Outlining skills (discourse skill) (association & org) <-> gram skill (gram rules and pattern) <-> lexical (words, phrases, idioms) Discourse (coherence, cohesion) …Examples of sent starters: Listen-Write: dictation, story writing, visualization Read- Write:
