PART I. MULTIPLE CHOICE (30 POINTS)DIRECTIONS: CAREFULLY READ
EACH ITEM AND WRITE THE LETTER OF THE CORRECT ANSWER ON
A SEPARATE SHEET OF PAPER.
1. This explains a way of collecting data using paper and
pencil in which the subject or participants provides
comprehensive responses to a set of questions.
a. Questionnaire
b. Interview method
c. Methodology
d. Question/answer method
2. A researcher wants to understand the prevalence of a certain
health condition in a specific region. They gather data from
medical records and conduct interviews with healthcare
providers to better understand the condition and its impact on
the community.
a. Descriptive
b. Ethnography
c. Case study
d. Phenomenology
3. You want to develop a theory based on the data you collect from
your research participants. Which research design would
be the most appropriate for this study?
a. Phenomenology
b. Grounded theory
c. Ethnography
d. Case study
4. Which type of research design would be most appropriate for
studying a specific phenomenon in a particular cultural
context?
a. Phenomenology
b. Grounded theory
c. Ethnography
d. Case study
5. This refers to a study that focuses on understanding the
underlying meaning of the experiences of the research
participant from his/her own viewpoint and perspective.
a. Descriptive
b. Phenomenology
c. Content Analysis
d. Ethnography
6. Which type of data gathering involves observing and
recording a person's or a group's verbal and nonverbal
behavior?
a. Questionnaire
b. Interview
c. Observational Evaluation
d. Participant Observation
7. You're a researcher who is conducting a study on the effects of
social media on mental health. You want to collect data from
participants using an online survey. Which of the following
would be the best way to ensure that your data is reliable?
a. Only collect data from people who have experienced mental
health issues in the past.
b. Ask participants to self-report their mental health status.
c. Use a validated questionnaire to assess mental health status.
d. Collect data from a random sample of the population.
8. You're conducting a survey to gather data on customer
satisfaction for a company. You've received a large number of
responses but notice that some of the data seem inconsistent or
incomplete. What should you do?
a. Ignore the inconsistent data and proceed with the analysis.
b. Contact the respondents to clarify the inconsistent data.
c. Discard the inconsistent data and only use the consistent data.
d. Make assumptions about the inconsistent data and proceed
with the analysis.
9. You are interested in analyzing the content of a large
number of documents to identify common themes and
patterns. Which research design would be the most appropriate for
this study?
a. Grounded theory
b. Historical Research
c. Phenomenology
d. Content or Discourse Analysis
10. A researcher is interested in examining the effectiveness of a
new teaching method student learning outcomes. The
researcher wants to collect data from a sample of students at a
particular school and compare their test scores before and after
intervention.
a. Descriptive
b. Ethnography
c. Case study
d. Phenomenology
11. Which of the following is an example of qualitative data?
a. The number of students in a classroom
b. The weight of a person
c. The opinions of individuals on a particular topic
d. All of the above
12. What is data validation?
a. The process of ensuring that data is accurate, complete, and
consistent
b. The process of analyzing data to discover patterns and
relationships
c. The process of collecting data through surveys
d. None of the above
13. What is the difference between data analysis and data
interpretation?
a. Data analysis is the process of organizing, summarizing, and
presenting data while data interpretation is the process of
making meaning out of the data
b. Data interpretation is the process of organizing,
summarizing, and presenting data while data analysis is the
process of making meaning out of the data.
c. Data analysis and data interpretation are the same.
d. None of the above
14. Which of the following is an advantage of using
unstructured interview gather data?
a. The response rate is typically very high.
b. The researcher can ask follow-up questions.
c. The researcher can observe behavior directly.
d. The data is easy to analyze.
15. What is the purpose of data analysis in the data gathering
procedure?
a. To collect and organize the data.
b. To present the data in a visual format.
c. To interpret the data.
d. To identify patterns and relationships in the data.
16. The following examples of Non-Probability procedures
that are commonly used in qualitative research, EXCEPT:
a. Convenience sampling
b. Quota sampling
c. Purposive sampling
d. Judgmental sampling
17. An example of this probability sampling procedure is
dividing a sample of adults into subgroups by age, such as 2029, 30-39, 40-49, and 50-59.
a. Cluster sampling
b. Systematic sampling
c. Stratified random sampling
d. Criterion sampling
18. Jane used an unstructured interview as her research
instrument. What type of answers do you think Jane will get
from her participants?
a. Answers that are all straight to the point based on what is
written on her interview questions.
b. Answers that are conversation-like because her questions
are based on her outline only.
c. Answers that are based on her interview questions and
follow-up answers that are not found on her written questions
d. None of the above
19. Carl wants to study the perceptions of students about theschool
library services. He decided to choose grade 11students as
his sample because he thought they would givemore objective
statements. This is an example of_____?
a. Purposeful sampling
b. Quota sampling
c. Judgmental sampling
d. Convenience sampling
20. Arrange the following steps in data analysis according to
Creswell (1998).
I. Making an interpretation of the data
II. Analyzing the data by using the coding process
III. Organizing and preparing the data
IV. Generating themes or categories
V. Reading all the data
VI. Deciding how to represent the themes
a. III, IV, V, II, VI, I
c. III, V, II, IV, VI, I
b. V, III, IV, VI, I, II
d. V, III, II, IV, I, VI
21. Which of the following is NOT characteristic of closed-ended
questionnaires?
a. It is commonly used in conducting surveys.
b. It has a limited number of options to choose from.
c. It is mostly used for statistical purposes.
d. It leaves blank space for the participants to write their
answers.
22. Jay listed the name of the employees in alphabetical order.
From the first 10 numbers, he randomly selects a starting point
which is number 8. From number 8 onwards, every
10thperson on the list is selected. He ends up with a sample of
100people. What type of sampling procedure does Jay use?
a. Stratified random sampling
c. Cluster sampling
b. Simple random sampling
d. Systematic sampling
23. The following are interview protocol components,EXCEPT:
a. The key research questions.
b. Closing statement for the interviewee.
c. Transition messages for the interviewer.
d. Instruction to the interviewer.
24. _________ is a process of reading data and marking
segments within the data.
a. Recursive Abstraction
b. Coding
c. Content Analysis
d. Computer-Assisted Data Analysis Software
25. Mr. Cruz wants to study the behavior of baby pandas
whenplaced in a controlled environment. What do you think is
themost appropriate data collection instrument for Mr.
Cruz’sstudy?
a. Observation
b. Focused Group Discussion
c. Interview
d. Questionnaires
26. Before conducting the interview Girlie informed her
participants that she would not disclose any of their
information to anyone. However, during the interpretation of the
data, she finds it difficult to understand the response of her
participants. To solve her problem she asks her fellow
researcher for help by allowing him to listen to the audio that she
recorded during the interview. What ethics of research did Girlie
violate?
a. Honesty
b. Objectivity
c. Confidentiality
d. Legality
27. Which is NOT the reason why we provide consent and assent
forms?
a. To communicate the risks and benefits of the study to your
participants
b. To promote positive feelings before and after conducting your
study.
c. To show that you did not force your participants to be part of the
study.
d. To avoid any liability if the participants are harmed while
conducting the study.
28. What do we include in the interview transcript?
a. Important information that the participants mentioned.
b. All the related information about the interview questions.
c. The exact words of the participants during the interview.
d. The personal details of the participants.
29. Arrange the steps in coding.
I. Preparing summarized report
II. Labelling each data with a code
III. Marking segments within the data
IV. Reading data
a. IV, III, II, I
b. IV, II, I, III
c. III, II, IV, I
d. III, II, I, IV
30. The final step in data analysis according to
Creswell(1998) is making an interpretation which is called
“lessons learned”, these lessons are______?
a. Researcher’s realizations throughout the process of
conducting the study
b. Researcher’s interpretations according to his or her own
understanding.
c. Participant’s motivations to take part in the study.
d. Participant’s recommendations to the study..
PART II. TRUE OR FALSE (10 POINTS)DIRECTIONS: READ EACH
STATEMENTCAREFULLY. WRITE TRUE IF THE STATEMENT ISCORRECT
AND FALSE IF NOT.
1. A researcher wants to study the social dynamics of a
workplace. He spend several weeks observing the interactions
between employees, taking notes, on their behavior, and
conducting interviews to understand their experiences. This is an
example of a phenomenological study.
2. Grounded theory is a type of quantitative research design that
aims to develop a theory or explanation of a phenomenon based on
data that is systematically collected and analyzed.
3. Case study research design is a type of qualitative research that
aims to provide a detailed analysis of a single case, such as an
individual, organization, or event.
4. Data gathering procedures must always be standardized inorder
to ensure the accuracy of the data.
5. Sampling decreases the accuracy and reliability of the
research results.
6. Probability sampling uses criteria like availability,
geographical proximity, or expert judgment of the researcher.
7. There is a limited source of data in Focus Group Interview
because it is usually used to talk about critical and sensitive topics.
8. The Diary of Ann Frank can be used as a source of data that can
shed light on research questions.
9. The semi-structured interview has pre-determined questions that
are ready to use.
10. Qualitative research employs purposive sampling