МИНИСТЕРСТВО НАУКИ И ВЫСШЕГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ
РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ
Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное
учреждение высшего образования
«КЕМЕРОВСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ»
Институт филологии,
иностранных языков и медиакоммуникаций
Башкатова Ю.А., Коломиец С.В., Потапова Н.В.
ОСНОВНОЙ ИНОСТРАННЫЙ ЯЗЫК: СПОРТ
Практикум
Издатель:
Кемеровский государственный университет
© Кемеровский государственный
университет, 2023
© Башкатова Ю.А.,
Коломиец С.В.,
Потапова Н.В.
ISBN
Об издании – 1, 2, 3
Кемерово 2023
УДК 811.111(075.8)
ББК Ш 143.21я73-5
Б 95
Издается по решению Научно-методического совета
Кемеровского государственного университета
Рецензенты:
канд. филол. наук, доцент кафедры иностранных языков СанктПетербургского государственного института кино и телевидения
Белова Т.М.;
канд. пед. наук, доцент кафедры иностранных языков и лингводидактики
Сибирского института управления – филиала РАНХиГС Бойко Е.Н.
Башкатова Ю.А., Коломиец С.В., Потапова Н.В. Основной
иностранный язык: спорт [Электронный ресурс] Кемеровский
государственный университет. – Кемерово: КемГУ, 2023. – 1
электрон. опт. диск (СD-ROM). – Электрон. дан. (объем 4,9 Мб).
Систем. требования: Intel Pentium (или аналогичный процессор
других производителей), 1,2 ГГц; 512 Мб оперативной памяти;
видеокарта SVGA, 1280x1024 High Color (32 bit); 2 Мб свободного
дискового пространства; операц. система Windows ХР и выше;
Adobe Reader. – Загл. с экрана.
ISBN
Практикум разработан по дисциплине «Основной иностранный
язык» для направления 45.03.01 Филология («Зарубежная
филология»). Практикум содержит шесть разделов: «Life is in
Motion», «Summer Sports», «Winter Sports», «The Olympic Games»,
«Extreme Sports», «Careers in Sport». В состав практикума входят
тексты для чтения, упражнения разного типа на совершенствование
навыков аудирования, чтения, письма и говорения на английском
языке.
Издание адресовано обучающимся по филологическим
направлениям подготовки, а также для широкого круга адресантов,
занимающихся изучением английского языка.
2
Текстовое электронное издание
Минимальные системные требования:
Компьютер: Intel Pentium (или аналогичный процессор других
производителей), 1,2 ГГц; ОЗУ 512 Мб; 5 Мб на жестком диске;
видеокарта SVGA, 1280x1024 High Color (32 bit); привод CD-ROM
Операционная система: Windows ХР и выше
Программное обеспечение: Adobe Reader
© Кемеровский государственный
университет, 2023
© Башкатова Ю.А.,
Коломиец С.В.,
Потапова Н.В.
3
СОДЕРЖАНИЕ
Предисловие
5
Module 1. Life is in Motion
6
Module 2. Summer Sports
25
Module 3. Winter Sports
36
Module 4. The Olympic Games
53
Module 5. Extreme Sports
64
Module 6. Careers in Sport
75
Appendix 1
Appendix 2
Appendix 3
92
99
110
Photos and Pictures
Список литературы и источников
112
114
4
ПРЕДИСЛОВИЕ
Практикум предназначен для работы на практических занятиях
по дисциплине «Основной иностранный язык», включённой в
учебный план для направления 45.03.01 Филология (направленность
«Зарубежная филология»).
Цель данного учебного издания – сформировать и развивать у
обучающихся способность к коммуникации в устной и письменной
формах на иностранном языке для решения задач межличностного и
межкультурного взаимодействия.
Материал практикума предназначен для развития у
обучающихся навыков устной коммуникации в области спорта.
Издание включает шесть разделов: «Life is in Motion», «Summer
Sports», «Winter Sports», «The Olympic Games», «Extreme Sports»,
«Careers in Sport». Каждый из разделов практикума содержит тексты
для ознакомительного, просмотрового, поискового чтения с
соответствующими видам чтения заданиями. Тексты для чтения
сопровождаются заданиями на усвоение и активное применение
лексики в диалогической и монологической речи на иностранном
языке. Также в практикум включены упражнения на отработку
навыков аудирования, чтения и письма на английском языке.
Упражнения практикума могут быть использованы как на
аудиторных занятиях, так и для организации самостоятельной
работы студентов во внеаудиторное время.
5
Module 1
Life is in Motion
6
Lead In





Do you like playing sport?
Do you like watching sport on the television?
Do you think sports can help you be fit, strong and healthy?
What sport is your favourite?
Have you ever been to a sporting event?
Focus on: ACTIVE VOCABULARY
Sport or sports?
1. sport (noun, uncountable)
E.g. Sam loves sport.
2. sports (noun, countable)
E.g. Sam plays two sports:
football and tennis.
3. sports (adjective)
E.g. Sam reads the sports news
every day.
PLAY + sport (football, soccer, rugby,
cricket, baseball, basketball)
E.g. He plays football twice a week.
DO + sport (gymnastics, martial arts)
E.g. She has been doing gymnastics
since she was 5 years old.
GO + sport (swimming, snowboarding,
hang-gliding, parachuting, horse-riding)
E.g. We go snowboarding every winter.
Task 1. Complete the sentences with go or play1.
1. I … climbing quite a lot.
2. I … a lot of tennis in the summer.
3. I … a bit of golf now and again.
4. I … swimming quite a lot.
5. I … jogging almost every day.
6. I … a lot of football.
7. I … a lot of basketball.
8. I … baseball sometimes.
9. I … cycling quite a lot.
10. I … skiing every winter.
Task 2. Complete the sentences with the correct form of do, go or
play2.
1. My son’s thirteen now and he loves … skate-boarding in the local
parks.
1
2
Innovations. Intermediate Coursebook. By H. Dellar, A. Walkley, D. Hocking. 2004. P. 104
Innovations. Intermediate Workbook. By H. Dellar, A. Walkley. 2004. P. 64
7
2. When I was younger, my brother and I used to … table tennis all the
time!
3. People have only really started … football in my country since the last
World Cup.
4. I go to the gym quite a lot because I … a lot of aerobics there.
5. I’m … skiing in Iran this winter. It should be really good fun.
6. If you are feeling stiff, you should try … a bit of yoga. It’s great for
keeping you supple.
7. When I was at school, we used to have to … rugby all through the
winter. It was horrible!
8. When I was a kid, my dad and I used to … fishing every Sunday
morning.
9. Do you understand how to … cricket? It’s such a strange game!
10. Listen we are all … bowling tomorrow night and I was wondering if
you wanted to come along?
11. My daughter … karate every Wednesday after school. She’ll be a
brown belt soon.
12. My brother’s a keep-fit fanatic. He … cycling every night. He usually
does about forty miles!
13. I used to be good at athletics when I was at school. I used to … the
high jump really well.
14. I can’t believe it! My dad’s actually started … golf recently!
15. She got mugged a few months ago, and since then she’s started …
boxing as a kind of self-defence thing.
Task 3. Match the sports 1-8 to comments a-h3.
1. football
2. golf
3. karate
4. running
5. snow-boarding
6. surfing
7. swimming
8. tennis
a. I’m quite good at doing the breaststroke, but I can’t do the butterfly
at all!
3
Innovations. Intermediate Workbook. By H. Dellar, A. Walkley. 2004. P. 64
8
b. I’m quite good at dribbling, but I’m terrible at tackling. I’m scared
of hurting my legs!
c. I’m Ok for a beginner, but I still can’t ride really big waves.
d. My forehand’s quite good, but my serve’s terrible. I sometimes lose
a whole game with double faults!
e. I’m quite good at sprinting, but I’m useless over longer distances.
f. I’m fine going downhill and off-piste, but I can’t do any tricks or
jumps.
g. I’m quite good at putting, but my drive’s terrible – I always hit the
ball miles off the fairway.
h. I’m OK. I’m a brown belt at the moment.
Task 4. Study the active vocabulary on the topic “Sports and Games”.
Make sure you know all the words. If necessary, consult a dictionary.
Sports
aerobics
golf
running
American football
gymnastics
sailing
Australian rules football
handball
snooker/pool/billiards
archery
hang-gliding
snowboarding
artistic gymnastics
hockey
snow-skiing
athletics (track and field)
horse riding
soccer
badminton
ice hockey
softball
baseball
judo
squash
basketball
karate
surfing
bowling
kayaking
swimming
boxing
lacrosse
(table) tennis
canoeing
martial arts
taekwondo
cricket
netball
tennis
cycling
parachuting
volleyball
darts
polo
water polo
diving
racing
weightlifting
9
fencing
rhythmic gymnastics
windsurfing
fishing
rowing
wrestling
football (soccer)
rugby
people in sports
actions in sports
other useful words
amateur
to award
award
athlete
to beat
competition
archer
to catch
contest
canoeist
to cheer on
cup
captain
to compete
event
champion
to defeat
final score
coach
to defend
goal
competitor
to draw
half-time
cyclist
to hit
league
defender
to hold
match
fan
to lose
medal
forward
to kick
offside
gymnast
to lead
penalty
judge
to pass
performance
line judge
to perform
physique
linesman
to play
professional
manager
to practise
rules
opponent
to record
skill
player
to run
strategy
referee
to serve
tactics
runner
to score
teamwork
spectator
to shoot
tie
sprinter
to support
tournament
teammate
to tackle
trophy
10
trainer
to throw
victory
umpire
to train
equipment in sports
places in sports
to whistle
bat
arena
to win
bow
centre
clothes in sports
club
court
boots
cue
course
crash helmet
dart
field
gloves
net
gym
running shoes
oar
pitch
shorts
paddle
pool
ski suit
racket
ring
sticks
rod/line
slope (piste)
swimming costume
(women)
stadium
track
training shoes (trainers)
trunks (men)
vest
Task 5. Match the words to their definitions.
1. score
2. spectator
3. referee
4. strategy
5. tournament
6. victory
7. to train
8. to shoot
a. a sports official with authority to make rulings
during a contest
b. a series of contests between a number of
competitors, who compete for an overall prize
c. the number of points a competitor or team earns
during a game
d. to kick, hit, or throw the ball in an attempt to
score a goal (in soccer, hockey, basketball, etc.)
e. to teach a skill over time through instruction; to
practise a skill
f. a person who watches an event
g. an instance of competing in a sports event in
public
h. a plan to achieve an objective
11
9. performance
10. to serve
i. to hit the ball to begin play (in tennis, table
tennis, squash, volleyball, etc.)
j. the act of winning a game or contest
Task 6. Use the necessary word to complete the sentences (competitor,
athletes, equipment, ball, courts, Cup, fans, Champion, final score,
athletics).
1. Most professional … spend hours every day in training.
2. There are some very good runners on our … team.
3. A wicketkeeper in cricket must be very good at catching the … .
4. The boxer Muhammad Ali was World Heavyweight … three times.
5. Each … in a golf tournament must record his or her own score.
6. The tennis … at Wimbledon in London have a grass surface.
7. After they won the final game, the winners were awarded the
Championship … .
8. Sometimes the umpire of a tennis match has to tell noisy … to be
quiet.
9. Today’s basketball game was very close. The … was 84 to 82.
10. Our gym has a lot of new exercise … , including running machines
and cycling machines.
Task 7. Listen to Jonathan Taylor’s “The Out-of-Shape Blues” and
make a list of sports he’ll try to get himself “in shape”
(https://youtu.be/6Hd-AuM0LT8).
Task 8. Let’s have some fun! Unscramble the words.
Umadsit – …, letheat – …, tierompcot – …, apitcan – …, utannertom –
…, notcset – …, spatterco – …, aeglue – …, toyvicr – …, mature – …,
teafed – …, hocca – …, freeeer – …, aeglue – … .
Task 9. Do the crossword4.
Across
2. Someone who earns money for doing a sport.
3. A person who makes certain that the rules are followed in a sports game.
4
Cambridge English https://www.cambridgeenglish.org/images/sport-vocabulary-activitiesdocument.pdf
12
7. Someone who watches a sport.
8. A competition to do better than other people, usually in which prizes are given.
11. An ability to do an activity or job well.
13. The leader of a sports team.
14. A group of teams which compete against each other in a sport.
17. A person or team that is competing against others.
18. When someone loses against someone else in a competition.
Down
1. A competition with a series of games between many teams or players, with one
winner at the end.
4. A person who is very good at sports or physical exercise.
5. Someone whose job is to teach people to improve at a sport.
6. A period of the year when a particular thing happens.
9. When you win a game.
10. Someone who does something as a hobby and not as their job.
12. A group of people who play a sport or game together.
15. A metal disc given as a prize in a competition.
16. A large, open area with seats around it, used for playing and watching sports.
13
Task 10. Read the following English sentences and translate them into
Russian.
1. The arena was full of excited spectators cheering on their team.
2. There are some very good runners on our athletics team.
3. Italy beat France to win the 2006 FIFA World Cup.
4. The captain usually leads his or her team onto the field.
5. The Olympic Games were originally for amateur athletes only.
6. Players should carry out their coach’s instructions during a game.
7. Over 10,000 athletes will compete in the Olympic Games.
8. Do you know who won this year’s figure skating contest?
9. Our players were very happy after they defeated their opponents in the
final game.
10. The 100 metres run is one of the most exciting events in athletics.
11. How many players are allowed on the field during a baseball game?
12. Jimmy got the ball, ran down the pitch, and then scored the best goal
of the game.
13. The players went into the rooms at half-time and listened to their
coach.
14. Every athlete’s dream is to win a gold medal at the Olympic Games.
15. Forwards have to learn how to avoid being caught in an offside
position.
16. A defender tries to pass the ball to a forward in a good position to
score.
17. Rugby players work hard in the gym to build up their physiques.
18. Do you know who holds the world record for the men’s 100 metres?
19. The referee saw a foul, blew his whistle and awarded a free kick.
20. Spectators can add a lot to sporting events by creating an exciting
atmosphere.
Task 11. Rearrange the words to make complete sentences.
1. 80,000 / can / stadium / people / the / hold
2. there / a / are / in / team / players / football / eleven
3. tournament / many / took / part / in / the / athletes
4. the / organised / all / training / of / our / coach
5. the / eight / ran / in / competitors / race
6. strongest/see/there/was/a/man/contest/to/was/who/the
7. defeat/the/played/team/badly/led/a/which/to/big
8. our/the/bottom/league/team/are/of
9. ends/football/begins/season/August/and/May/British/in/in/the
14
10. football/I/of/the/was/school/captain/the/team
11. his / skills / brother / football / had / great
12. is / tournament / Wimbledon / June / held / every / tennis
13. contest/won/she/medal/gold/the/in
14. earn/professional/money/a/of/can/lot/a
15. the / the / teams / had / controlling / problems / referee
16. they / cheering / 4-0 / front / over / of / in / spectators / won / 40,000
17. Phoenix / 135-114 / managed / a / over / Denver / victory /
18. open / was / the / only / amateurs / competition / to
Task 12. Fill in the gaps by choosing the correct option (A-D) from
the five questions given below. Act out the dialogue or make up your
own one.
Situation: Bob and Jane decide what sort of sport to do.
Bob: I need to get fit and lose some weight.
Jane: That’s a good idea. __________1___________?
Bob: Yes sure. What sort of sport do want to do to get exercise?
Jane: I’m not sure. I used to play tennis when I was a school.
Bob: I’ve never played tennis. ___________2___________?
Jane: At the university’s sports centre, but we have to book the time to
use it.
Bob: __________3__________? We can do that whenever we want to.
Jane: Yes, we could go to the running track or just use the pavement
next to the road.
Bob: Do you like cycling?
Jane: Yes, it’s good and faster than running.
Bob: I have a friend ___________4____________. We could join his
cycling club to meet other people interested in it.
Jane: That would be fun if we could do the sport with lots of other
people.
Bob: Great. When do you want to start?
Jane: ___________5___________?
Bob: No, not tonight. It looks as if it might start to rain.
Jane: Ok. We’ll wait until it’s good weather.
Choose the best option (A-D) in the following five questions to fill in
the blanks in the sport conversation given above.
15
1) Which option is the best to fill in the first blank?
A) Can I join you
B) That sounds crazy
C) Really
D) What will you do
2) Which option is the best to fill in the second blank?
A) What equipment will we need
B) Were you any good
C) Where is there a court we could use
D) I do not like tennis
3) Which option is the best to fill in the third blank?
A) What about playing football
B) What about playing cricket
C) What about playing basketball
D) What about going running
4) Which option is the best to fill in the fourth blank?
A) who goes cycling every weekend
B) who is good at the long jump
C) who never does any exercise
D) who watches cycling on the television
5) Which option is the best to fill in the fifth blank?
A) Do you want to start at the weekend
B) How about going running now
C) How often do you want to do exercise
D) Will you help me if I get tired
Task 13. Read the text about sports and do the tasks that follow.
Different Kinds of Sports5
There are many different kinds of sports that are undertaken by a
wide variety of different people. Some people do sport for their career and
5
Excellent ESL 4U https://www.excellentesl4u.com/esl-sport-reading.html
16
other people purely do sport for enjoyment and recreation. Some sports,
like cricket, require the use of a lot of equipment, while others need very
little in order to successfully play a game in that sport. Some people use
public playing fields to play sport for free, while other sports such as
squash, tennis, badminton and table tennis are usually paid for on an
hourly basis in the comfort of a local leisure centre.
Most sports are played with a round object often known as a ball.
Some sports use more than one ball and snooker is one of the unique sports
that make use of a number of balls while being played. The game itself is
often controlled by an impartial individual known as an umpire in cricket
and a referee in sports like football and rugby. Most sports have a duration
of not more than a few hours; however, some athletic tournaments can last
for up to a week and a game of cricket can be five days in duration before
a winner is announced.
Some people prefer to watch sport. This can either be done by going
to a stadium, a local leisure centre, park or on the television. It is often
cheaper to watch sport from the comfort of a person’s home than to visit
the stadium or a special event. Some sports, such as football and cricket,
are really popular in the United Kingdom but not in the USA. In the USA
people often play basketball and baseball. However, most countries put
aside time to compete in world sporting events such as the football world
cup or the Olympics, which occur every four years.
Nowadays, people who suffer from any kind of disability are also
encouraged to participate in sport and most sport equipment is adapted to
suit the needs of a disabled person. This means sport is something that can
be enjoyed no matter the physical ability of the person. The paraOlympics takes place a week after the main event and it is equally popular.
Participation in sporting activity is encouraged by doctors and at schools
given the beneficial impact it has on the health of the individual that
participates, and it is for this reason and the competitive nature of
individuals that sport remains a very popular activity worldwide.
a) Answer the questions using the information from the text.
Which sport requires the use of a lot of equipment?
A) Football
B) Athletics
C) Cricket
D) Rugby
17
What sport is popular in the United Kingdom?
A) Baseball
B) Cricket
C) Basketball
D) Athletics
What sport is popular in the United States?
A) Cricket
B) Baseball
C) Football
D) Squash
What sport can last longer than a day in duration?
A) Football
B) Baseball
C) Rugby
D) Cricket
How often is the Olympics held?
A) Every year
B) Every two years
C) Every four years
D) Every day
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
b) Match the words to their definitions:
Para-Olympics
a) The people who take part in or play sports
Playing field
b) A sport related to physical activity, such as
running, jumping or throwing
Cricket
c) An Olympic contest for people with
disabilities
Participants
d) A very large sporting contest held every four
years in which most countries take part
Stadium
e) The things that are needed to be able to play
a sport
Equipment
f) An outside area that is used to play a sport
Athletics
g) A British game where a bat is used to hit a
ball
Olympics
h) The building that surrounds a pitch where
sports are played
18
Task 14. Read the text and do the tasks that follow.
Five reasons to work out6
I’m sure we all know by now that exercise is great for you. But let’s
be honest, sometimes finding that motivation to work out can be a little
difficult. So, in this post, I am
going to share my top five reasons
for working out.
1. Exercise can completely
change your mood!
When you work out, your body
produces endorphins, which will
give you a rush of euphoria and
happiness. You will feel better after a workout than you did before it. Next
time you’re having a bad day, try going for a fast-paced run or taking a
spinning class, and the day won’t seem so bad after all.
2. Exercising is sociable.
Whenever I move to a new city to study or work, I look for exercise
classes to do. You meet like-minded people; you can support each other
during a difficult workout, and you all share a collective feeling of
euphoria when the class finishes!
3. Exercise makes you feel confident.
We all know the physical effects of exercise on our bodies, but we
don’t always talk about the mental effects. Exercise might give you a
feeling of confidence from being comfortable with your body and
appearance. This new confidence might even help in your social or work
life.
4. It helps to relieve stress.
Focusing on lifting weights or going for a run can help you forget
the problems and stress of daily life, studies or work. During exams, I
always spend an hour a day in the gym. It makes me feel less anxious and
it also helps me to sleep those important eight hours the night before a big
exam.
5. Finally, exercise makes us feel strong, fit and healthy!
6
British Council https://learnenglishteens.britishcouncil.org/blogs/sport/five-reasons-work-out
19
Every day, the 20 minutes on the treadmill get easier, the weights
feel lighter, and you feel a great sense of achievement. It’s a great feeling
doing something you couldn’t do before and knowing it’s a result of your
hard work.
So, next time you’re feeling down, put your trainers on and get
sweating. It might not be easy, but I promise you will feel so much better
once you have finished!
a) Give the definitions to the following words: to work out,
endorphins, a fast-paced run, to take a spinning class, like-minded
people, anxious, a treadmill, to feel down.
b) Discuss the given five reasons to work out. How far can you
agree with the author?
c) Think about any other possible reasons. Present them to the
class.
d) Hold a discussion: Do you do exercises? How often do you do
exercises? What exercises do you like doing? Do you like working
out? Do you like going to the gym? What are some of the benefits
of doing exercises?
Task 15. Listen to the audio file “The benefits of Sport”7 on
https://learnenglishteens.britishcouncil.org/skills/listening/c1listening/benefits-sport and do the following tasks:
a) Match the words and expressions with the correct definition and
write a–h next to the numbers 1–8.
1. despite
a. to change subject (of a conversation etc.)
2. come in handy
b. to be more important than something
else
3. to negotiate
c. be useful
4. to motivate
d. difficult to do
5. at the end of the day
e. regardless of
6. to outweigh
f. to make someone want to do something
in a positive way
7. easier said than done
g. to discuss something in order to come to
an agreement with another person
8. to move on
h. in the end
7
British Council https://learnenglishteens.britishcouncil.org/skills/listening/c1-listening/thebenefits-of-sport
20
b) Which benefits of doing sport are mentioned? Tick (✓) seven.
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
reduced risk of diabetes
lower blood pressure
improved muscle tone
stronger heart and lungs
stronger bones
increased feeling of calm and tranquility
improved mood
improved concentration
increased motivation
makes people less competitive
improved communication and negotiation skills
c) Circle True or False for these sentences.
1. The class have already talked about at least three of
the physical effects sport has on the human body.
2. Doing sport can slow down the production of
chemicals in the brain that make us feel good.
3. There are no real benefits associated with doing
individual sport.
4. Swimmers or tennis players are responsible for
their own achievements.
5. Being part of a team requires you to practise more
regularly.
6. Collaborating with other members is essential for a
team to be successful.
7. The skills you learn in a team sport are transferable
to everyday life.
8. It doesn’t matter which sport you choose, as long
as you’re good at it.
True
False
True
False
True
False
True
False
True
False
True
False
True
False
True
False
d) Hold a discussion: Do you like playing sport? What are the
biggest benefits for you?
21
Task 16. a) Read what a 27-year-old graphic designer who goes to a
gym at least three times a week says about it8.
“Sometimes I think I’m mad. I’m already very busy. Why am I adding one
more activity to my schedule? But I do feel great afterwards. And I love
being able to run for the bus in the morning without feeling I’m about to
take my last breath!”
b) What pieces of advice would you give to people who paid a large
amount of money to join a gym but don’t go regularly?
c) Compare your pieces of advice with motivation tips given below.
✓ Choose a gym close to where you work or live. If you have to travel
far, it’s harder to go.
✓ Set yourself goals, but make sure they are realistic.
✓ Go with a friend. If you arrange to meet someone, you are more likely
to go.
✓ Go to the gym at the same time each week. If exercise is part of your
weekly schedule, you are more likely to do it.
✓ Many people stop exercising because they hurt themselves. Ask your
instructor for advice how to avoid injury.
✓ Every now and then you will decide to miss a gym session. Do not feel
guilty! If you feel guilty, you may also feel that you’ve failed. People who
think they have failed are less likely to go back.
Task 17. Translate the following text from Russian into English using
the active vocabulary.
Спорт сегодня занимает важное место в жизни общества.
Занятие спортом и здоровый образ жизни стали модной тенденцией
современного мира, так как в наши дни люди стали больше
заботиться о своем здоровье, а спорт наилучшее средство для
поддержания организма в тонусе и укрепления здоровья.
A Sound Mind in a sound Body: учеб.-метод. пособие. Сост. Н. В. Потапова, Е. В.
Шведова. – Кемерово, 2009. – 48 с.
8
22
Сегодня существует большая разновидность видов спорта, на
любой вкус: легкая атлетика, бобслей, теннис, футбол, шахматы,
фехтование, серфинг и многие другие. Спорт может быть
профессиональным, когда люди посвящают свою жизнь занятием
спортом, постоянно и усердно тренируются, выступают на
международных соревнованиях, это их страсть и заработок. А
бывает и любительский спорт, когда люди выполняют физические
упражнения для своего удовольствия и, конечно, для здоровья.
В любом городе есть спортивные клубы, где можно заниматься
спортом индивидуально с тренером или в группах. Там все
оборудовано по последнему слову техники и дизайна, поэтому, как
правило, занятия в подобных заведениях платные. Если нет
возможности ходить в спортклубы, всегда можно позаниматься
дома. В Интернете есть множество видео уроков для занятий
спортом, по телевизору крутят спортивные передачи. Если есть
желание будет и возможность.
Спорт не только укрепляет здоровье, но и дарит хорошее
настроение, чувство легкости и свежести. Он бодрит по утрам и
наполняет энергией каждую клеточку в организме, заряжая
позитивом на весь день. Бытует мнение, что спорт не только
укрепляет здоровье, но и закаляет характер, делает человека более
стрессоустойчивым, волевым и сильным духом. Спорт – это основа
жизни, ведь не зря народная мудрость гласит: «Движение – это
жизнь».
Task 18. Read the following sayings and proverbs about sports and
games9. Enlarge upon the ones you like most of all.
1. Life is in motion. Voltaire
2. The role of exercise can replace drugs, but all drugs cannot replace
exercise. French medical scientist
3. The essence of life lies in sports. Peace and tranquility are death. Pascal
4. As soon as you take money for playing sport, it isn’t sport, it’s work.
Avery Brundage
5. Cycling is not a sport it’s a lifestyle. Magnus Backstedt
9
QuoteProverbs https://quoteproverbs.com/sports/
23
6. If you’ve had a good time playing the game, you’re a winner even if
you lose. Malcolm Forbes
7. In a game it’s difficult to know when to stop. Polish proverb
8. It is a bad game where nobody wins. Italian proverb
9. Just play. Have fun. Enjoy the game. Michael Jordan
10. Life is more fun if you play games. Roald Dahl
11. Not less than two hours a day should be devoted to exercise and the
weather should be little regarded. If the body be feeble, the mind will
not be strong. Thomas Jefferson
12. Sports do not build character. They
reveal it. John Wooden
13. Sports should always be fun. Charles
Mann
14. Practice long-distance running every
day, old and young. Proverb
15. People are afraid of not moving, the brain is afraid of not using.
Proverb
Task 19. Read the following sports slogans10. Think of any other
cheering, motivational or funny slogans and create a poster slogan for
a sports day.
Playing sports encourages team spirit!
Be sporting; play a sport!
Playing sports is a fun way to unwind!
Sports are great at relieving stress!
Playing sports is good for muscles and bones; play a sport today!
Playing sports boosts physical health; play the sport of your choice!
Don’t be grumpy; get on to the field for a sport!
When you feel down and out choose to play a sport!
Sports are effective in keeping you upbeat; play a sport today!
Playing sports elevate your mood; play sports daily!
A healthy mind resides in a healthy body; play sports!
Attitude matters the most in sport.
Keep going and you will succeed.
Don’t say “I can’t do it”. Just say “I will do it anyway”.
Great opportunities come to those who make the most of small ones.
10
Classic Quotes https://mingyanjiaju.org/lang-en/juzi/jingdianmingyan/2013/0628/653.html
24
Module 2
Summer Sports and
Games
25
Lead In




What summer sports do you know?
What summer sport is your favourite?
Is it necessary to stay fit in the summer?
Have you ever been to a summer sporting event?
Task 1. Read the text and find the answers to the above questions.
What Should I Do to Get Fit in the Summer?
The goal is to keep moving and stay active. Try to keep yourself in
the gym as much as possible because it is very important to stay fit in the
summer months. The reason is that the sun is higher in the sky and heat
will be an issue. This can be prevented by moving around more than
before. So, plan an hour a day to be outside. With the help of workouts
like swimming or running, you can stay fit. You can also participate in
sports that do not require much strength such as golf, tennis, volleyball
and others.
Aerobic activities are generally considered low-intensity activities
and can be taken at any time of the day. Such activities include walking,
jogging, bicycling, hiking, horseback riding, swimming.
Task 2. Read the text about summer park activities in the UK. What
do you think of these activities? Can you suggest any other activities?
10 Things to Do in a Park This Summer 11
Summer is the perfect time to get your friends and family to the park
and get active with outdoor fun and games. We’ve hunted down ten of the
best activities to do in your local park.
There are around 27,000 parks and green spaces in the UK, so
wherever you are, there’s probably one close by. These spaces are ideal
for free or low-cost physical activities, for all ages and fitness levels. It’s
recommended that you do at least 150 minutes of moderate intensity
physical activity each week, which will help control your weight and
reduce your blood pressure, cholesterol and risk of heart disease. Here are
our top ten park activities to try this summer.
11
Heart
Matters magazine
magazine/activity/park-activities
https://www.bhf.org.uk/informationsupport/heart-matters26
1. Outdoor gyms
A growing number of parks and green spaces have free-to-use gym
equipment like pull-up bars, step-ups, static
bikes and parallel bars. The main UK
supplier of outdoor gyms has installed more
than 500 across the UK in the past 10 years.
You might also be interested in ‘Green
Gyms’ run by The Conservation Volunteers.
They give you the opportunity to work up a
sweat digging, planting or path-clearing at 95 sites around the UK. There
are sessions for all fitness levels, no previous gardening experience is
necessary and it’s free.
2. Boules
In France, where the game comes from, boules
is usually played on a gravel court – but it’s
just as fun on grass. This low-intensity activity
involves throwing, bending and walking.
You’ll need boules, a ‘jack’ to aim for – and
perhaps a tape measure to avoid arguments!
3. Cricket and rounders
Both games can be improvised without too much equipment and are a
great group activity for people of all abilities. French cricket is
particularly easy to play without a pitch – it’s usually played with a tennis
ball, one batter at a time, and the batter’s legs
act as the wicket. Get family or friends together
for a match, or contact your local council to see
if they have information about rounders or
cricket in your local parks.
4. Walking, jogging and running
Walking is a free and easy way to get active, lose weight and improve
your heart health. Where better to do it than
surrounded by the flowers, trees and birdsong
of your local park? Running with others can
be motivating, while going it alone can be a
chance to clear your mind.
27
5. Tennis and badminton
Hard or grass tennis courts are available for hire
at many parks, and for free at some. Short tennis
(a smaller, slower-paced version of tennis) or
soft tennis (played with rubber balls) are good
ways to introduce children to the sport.
Badminton is another popular racket sport –
though it’s tricky on windy days!
6. Rowing boats
Many parks with lakes offer the chance to take up oars, while others have
canoeing, sailing and pedalos for hire at varying
prices. Most people find trying to row in a
straight line is enough to work up a sweat, and
some light rowing is great for thighs, bottoms,
pecs and biceps. Even a pedalo counts towards
your 150 minutes a week of moderate-intensity
activity – you just need to pedal hard enough
that you’re breathing a bit faster and feel a bit warmer but can still have a
conversation.
7. Yoga, tai chi, pilates and other classes
These focus on strength, flexibility and
breathing to boost physical and mental
wellbeing. Join a class that’s suitable for your
fitness level – speak to the class organiser to
find out. At the gentle end, classes might not
count towards your 150 minutes of moderateintensity activity, but they can make up one of the two strength sessions
it’s recommended we do per week. All you need is clothing that allows
you to move easily, and perhaps a mat.
8. Frisbee
Possibly the most underrated park pleasure. At
its simplest it involves nothing more than
throwing and catching – the amount of running
you do is down to you and the skill of the people
you’re playing with! You just need a friend or
two, and a frisbee.
28
9. Volleyball
Played with a super-light ball, this is a fantastic team sport for all ages and
abilities. It’s easy to improvise on the grass – just mark out a court with
some jumpers or bags. Any kind of ball will do so long as it’s light – cheap
beach balls are a good way to start.
10. Football
All you really need to play is a ball – and the proverbial ‘jumpers for
goalposts’. How fit you need to be depends on who you’re playing with
and the size of your pitch. Walking football is a good alternative if you
want to get active in a more gentle way.
Task 3. Read the text and tell the group your reasons for swimming.
Why I Love Swimming 12
If you were to ask me what my favourite sport is, my answer would
be swimming. I started learning how to swim when I was five years old
and I have been swimming ever since.
There are many reasons why I love swimming, but I’ll just share a
few with you, and maybe I can even encourage
you to go for a swim.
The first reason that I love swimming is
that it can be extremely relaxing. I love the
feeling of floating on the water and feeling
almost weightless. I find that whenever I leave
the pool I feel totally relaxed.
On the other hand, it can also be a fast-paced
competitive sport which raises your heartbeat. It’s
amazing pushing yourself to the challenge of
beating someone else to the finish line and it’s
great fun racing across the pool as fast as you can!
Trying little tricks like underwater handstands and flips also puts a big
smile on my face.
Another reason that I love swimming is that it has more variety than
other sports. Swimming offers many different strokes, so it doesn’t feel
like you’re stuck doing the same thing over and over again. Adding
12
British Council https://learnenglishteens.britishcouncil.org/blogs/sport/why-i-love-swimming
29
swimming equipment like flippers, a snorkel or a noodle (a flexible
cylindrical piece of foam) changes the experience yet again and can help
you develop your swimming technique.
In the summer, swimming provides a nice, refreshing break! There’s
nothing better than jumping into the water on a hot, sweltering summer’s
day. The pool makes you feel instantly better. And I think it adds to the
summer holiday feeling, as for me the summer months are when I swim
the most. It is a sport which can be done all over the world in many
beautiful locations. You can choose to swim in a swimming pool or to go
splash in the sea.
And finally, it’s a life skill which everyone should have. Not only is
it good for your health, but you never know when you’ll need your ability
to swim.
Task 4. Read the beginning of the following dialogue, complete it with
the active vocabulary.
– Do you like swimming?
– No.
– What a shame.
– Why?
– I wanted to invite you to the pool.
– Thank you. I’d rather not go.
– And what do you like to do?
– I like playing computer games. And you?
– I work on a computer a lot, therefor I like swimming during my free
time.
……………………………………
Task 5. Writing. a) Complete the e-mails asking about different
sports and keep-fit classes, with the words in the box13.
available
exact
grateful
interested
13
keen
necessary
recommended
run
told
wondering
Innovations. Intermediate Workbook. By H. Dellar, A. Walkley. 2004. P. 67
30
b) Now write an e-mail to a gym/sports centre asking about a
forthcoming course that you are interested in joining. Tell them
how you heard about the course. Ask about some of the following:
o the dates
o the days and times
o the cost
o if any experience is necessary
o if you’ll need any special equipment
31
Use the two e-mails above as models if you need to. The following
sentence starters will help you:
I would be grateful if you could tell me …
I was wondering if you could confirm/let me know …
I would also like to know when/how/how much/if/whereabouts exactly
…
Task 6. Read the following advertisement about summer sports for
kids and the comments below it. Using the information from the text
and additional information on the Internet prepare a project “Best
Outdoor Family Games for Summer”.
5 Summer Sports Your Kids Will Love14
With the longer days and warmer weather that comes with summer,
kids inevitably want to get outdoors and get busy playing fun sports. If
you’re looking for new activities to keep them busy, consider one of these
top five summer sports:
Cricket
Little kids can start to get involved in this fun sport from the age of
five by joining the Have-a-Go cricket programme at a local club. This is
designed for children from 5 to 8 years and teaches basic cricket skills in
a fun way. From around age seven kids may be able to join a club team
and play Kiwi Cricket – a modified, short version of the game with safe
equipment. The emphasis is on having fun. Older kids will have longer
games but still with modified rules to ensure that everyone is involved and
building skills. To find out more, go to the New Zealand Cricket
Community hub.
Athletics
If your kids are tied up with team sports during winter and you are
looking for something to keep their fitness up over the summer months,
why not try Athletics. By attending the weekly training sessions which
cover all track and field events, children from as young as five years old
can join up and enjoy being involved without the pressure of performing
at an elite level. Find out more at Athletics New Zealand.
Surf Lifesaving
Surf Lifesaving teaches kids to have confidence at the beach by
involving them in a range of activities that has them paddling in the water
14
Kidspot https://kidspot.co.nz/school-age/5-summer-sports-kids-will-love/
32
and running on the beach. Children can join their local Surf Life Saving
Club programme from 7 years of age and participate in their Junion Surf
programme. There are 5 levels of achievement in the Junior Surf
programme. Find out more on the Surf Life Saving New Zealand website.
Tennis
While indoor courts now mean that tennis can be played year round,
this fun game becomes particularly popular during summer when the long
afternoons make a game of tennis seem like a really good idea. Tennis in
New Zealand is organised through six regional associations that cover
several local centres with which clubs affiliate. Many associations run a
Tennis NZ introductory programme, Grasshoppers, to introduce tennis to
5-10 year olds. Find out more on the Tennis New Zealand website.
Swimming
Half of all 10-year-old children in New Zealand cannot swim 25
metres and a quarter cannot stay afloat. Knowing how to swim confidently
is a life skill and one that is much easier to learn when the weather is warm
and the water is inviting. Professional water confidence and swimming
lessons are a great way to learn this vital lifesaving skill. Find a swimming
club.
If you cannot, for whatever reason, have your child take formal
swimming lessons, Water Safety New Zealand can help with their guide
for parents to help their child become water safe.
This article was written for Kidspot, New Zealand’s best parenting
resource, in conjunction with NIVEA SUN.
Comment 1
dawnblyth 30/09/2018 at 10:11 pm
My eldest is a sportsman through and through. He is playing summer
football (soccer) which, for him, is a carry on from his winter sports. He
had the option to play cricket, tennis, softball but he chose summer
football as thats where his passion lies. We try to go swimming to the pool
as often as we can, we go to the beach often – and this lets us teach our
children saftey around water which is paramount in a country surrounded
by water.
Comment 2
SarahBlair 30/09/2018 at 12:05 am
33
Playing sports is so great for kids, it not only keeps them active but it
teaches them so many social skills like discipline, turn taking, following
rules and how to be a team player. I will start looking around during the
holidays to see what is available locally for my kids to get involved in.
Comment 3
felicity beets 28/09/2018 at 8:12 am
I also think that orienteering is a great summer sports for children as you
can do this together and explore different parts of your community.
Swimming lessons are definitely valuable.
Comment 4
Jen_Wiig 26/09/2018 at 5:15 pm
Love all these sports, athletics was my favorite sports along with rowing.
My boys however arent the biggest sports players and do prefer to read
or do art and thats fine they still get out in the fresh air just not in a team
type sport. I hoping now my oldest in intermediate he maybe more into
doing a summer sport and will totally encourage it. My middle loves rugby
so trying to convince him that doing athletics will keep his fitness
sup..hahaha can only but try.
Comment 5
Shorrty4life1 22/09/2018 at 4:42 pm
My children absolutely love swimming on these warm days. Get them near
water and they are in it no hesitation. My daughter has also just started
mini ball which is great. Great spring sport to step into spring with. We
love playing jackpot with a cricket bat also. So much fun for the whole
family.
You may begin your project in the following way:
34
Spending time outside is super
important. Not only to get some vitamin D,
but for exercise, and family fun is always
important.
So, we gathered a fun list of summer
activities, and we are sure you will have so
much fun playing these summer games!
Many of these are great for both
adults and kids. Some of them you will get all hot and sweaty and others
will be fun ways to keep cool.
Either way, these outside summer games are the perfect way to stay
away from the screen this summer.
35
Module 3
WINTER SPORTS
36
Lead in
 Are you an active sportsman in winter? Why? Why not?
 What sports are played during winter?
 What is the most popular sport in winter?
 What venues are winter sports held on?
 Do you like watching winter sports on TV?
 Do you think people do enough sport in winter?
Focus on: ACTIVE VOCABULARY
Popular winter sports: ice skating, snowboarding, skiing, ice hockey,
bobsleigh, sledding, curling, figure skating, speed skating, slalom, luge,
ski jumping, ice fishing, ice climbing, biathlon;
Ice-skating: figure skating, short-track speed skating, speed skating;
Skiing: ski jumping, alpine skiing, biathlon, cross-country skiing,
freestyle skiing, mogul skiing, Nordic combined, telemark skiing;
Sledding: bobsled/bobsleigh, dogsled racing, tobogganing, luge,
skeleton, monobob, wok racing;
Snowboarding: alpine snowboarding, boardercross, half-pipe, slalom,
snowskating, slopestyle;
Team sports: bandy, broomball, curling, ice hockey, snow volleyball,
rinkball.
Sports venues: course, rink (ice, speed skating, ice hockey, curling),
speed skating oval, track (luge, skeleton, bobsleigh), ski slope, ski resort,
terrain.
Task 1. Read the following English sentences and translate them into
Russian.15
1. In alpine skiing, queueing for the ski lift has replaced whizzing
down virgin slopes.
2. Cross-country skiing is easier to learn than alpine skiing but it helps
if you have skied before because you are used to sliding and
balancing on snow.
3. In a bobsleigh team, whether you are a braker or a driver you need
ability and bulk.
4. She had a go at ski jumping, and discovered she was good at it.
5. Broomball is a shoes-and-sticks variation of ice hockey.
15
Cambridge English Dictionary https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english
37
6. Krylatskoye is a high-tech closed indoor bandy and speed skating
arena with world-class facilities.
7. In slalom the poles are close together, whereas in giant slalom the
gates are further apart.
8. The luge ride goes downhill, relying on gravitational pull to move.
9. Sports included in the Winter Olympics nowadays include bobsled,
curling, ice hockey, luge, skating, skiing, ski jumping, and
snowboarding.
10. The stadium has a capacity for 31,000 spectators during crosscountry skiing and 13,500 during biathlon.
11. She had a lasting impact on ladies' figure skating because of her
signature move, a spiral with the free leg extended very high.
12. Ice hockey teams usually consist of four lines of three forwards,
three pairs of defencemen, and two goalies.
Task 2. Match the equipment with the sport it is used in.
Skiing, bobsleigh, bandy, biathlon, ice hockey, curling, snowboarding,
luge, broomball, speed skating, figure skating, alpine skiing
ski poles
sled
puck
broom and rock
38
skates
rifle
snowboard
stick
Task 3. Fill in the blanks with an appropriate word using your active
vocabulary.
1. In a long - track race, two skaters race around a 400 - meter oval i...
r....
2. Dubai has also opened the Middle East's first indoor snow s... .
3. As skiing became more popular, skiers began to demand more
challenging t... .
4. Each Olympic venue is allowed to design their own unique b... t...
however it must include a hairpin turn, left turn, right turn and a
labyrinth.
5. There is also a s... r... on the mountain, where skiers can reach using
the chairlift.
6. Cross-country skiing takes place on a snowy hilly c... . The c... is
full of inclines, declines, turns and straightaways.
7. According to The Winchester Curling Club, the traditional c... r... is
146 – 150 feet in length by 14.2 – 15.7 feet wide.
8. A speed skating rink (or speed skating o...) is an ice rink in which a
speed skating competition is held.
9. The arena has a running track, racquetball and squash courts, and a
full-size i... r....
10. James was out on the s... s..., trying to perfect his short turns.
39
Task 4. Match the word on the left with its definition.
1) Skiing
2) Alpine skiing
3) Ski jumping
4) Nordic combined
5) Snowboarding
6) Skeleton
7) Cross-country
skiing
8) Biathlon
9) Slalom
10) Luge
a. is a combination of cross-country skirunning and rifle-marksmanship.
b. is ski jumping and cross-country
skiing, which requires endurance.
c. is a recreational and competitive
activity that involves descending a
snow-covered slope while standing on
a snowboard that is almost always
attached to a rider's feet.
d. is skiing event in which contestants
ski down a steep ramp curved upward
at the end and launch themselves into
the air for distance.
e. skiing in open country over rolling,
hilly terrain as found in Scandinavian
countries
f. is an alpine skiing and alpine
snowboarding discipline, involving
skiing between poles or gates.
g. is either pastime or sport of sliding
down snow-covered slopes on skis
with fixed-heel bindings
h. is either sportive or recreational
activity using skis for sliding over
snow.
i. is a sport where either one or two
athletes ride a flat sled, lying on their
back with feet first
j. is a winter sport where athletes run
and jump onto a sledge, belly down,
and speed off down a track, using their
legs and shoulders to control their
direction. It’s similar to luge, except
the athlete is racing head first, as
opposed to being on their back.
40
The Winter Sports Quiz16
Task 5. Test yourself. For each question choose one of the multiple
answers.
1.
a.
b.
c.
What are winter sports?
Sports played only in winter.
Sports played only in cold regions with temperatures below 0.
Sports played on ice or snow.
2.
a.
b.
c.
Which sport is not a team sport?
Curling
Bobsleigh
Broomball
3.
a.
b.
c.
Which of the following is a team sport?
Hockey
Ski
Snowboarding
4. What kind of sport involves going down an icy chute on a two-slide
sled on a reinforced frame?
a. Tobogganing
b. Telemark
c. Skeleton
16
5.
a.
b.
c.
Which two disciplines does biathlon combine?
ski jumping and cross-country skiing
snowboarding and downhill skiing
cross-country skiing and rifle shooting
6.
a.
b.
c.
How many members does the bobsleigh team consist of?
4
2 or 4
5
The Winter Sports Quiz https://kupidonia.com/quiz/quiz-winter-sports
41
7. Which of these snowboard disciplines aims to perform acrobatic
tricks?
a. The half-pipe
b. The boardercross
c. The launched kilometer
8. What is short track?
a. A sport in which it is necessary to cover a certain distance on the
ice as quickly as possible in a closed circle on skates.
b. A skating sport in which several athletes skate simultaneously on
an oval ice track 111.12 m long.
c. Sledding, in which the cross-country skier moves freestyle on a ski
course with one or more dogs.
Task 6. Read the text about sports and do the tasks that follow.
Winter sports17
Winter sports were traditionally held only during cold seasons.
Nowadays, ice and artificial snow can be made to allow these sports to be
played all year long and enjoyed by fans around the world. Most of these
snow sports are based on the invention of alternative means of
transportation over ice and snow. These became pastimes and eventually
developed into full sports with codes and rules.
Ice skating is one of the most recognizable types of winter
sports. People use metal-bladed shoes or ice skates to glide over the
surface. The sport was a recreational version of a means of transportation
of people from Finland that helped them conserve energy during their
winter travels.
Figure skating is a sport where people perform
on the ice using figure skates. These types of skates
have a concave base which allows for precise
movements on the ice. This can be individual, pair,
or group performance accompanied by
music. There are different disciplines in this sport,
including spins, lifts, throw jumps and varying
movements on the field. Ice skating also involves
17
28 Different types of winter sports https://penaltyfile.com/types-of-winter-sports/
42
using the blades of the skates to draw different shapes on the surface and
are judged on how clear and accurate they draw them. Additionally,
synchronized skating is also a form of figure skating where eight to twenty
individuals perform together as a team and move precisely and in unison.
Contrary to the graceful movements and cadence of figure ice skating
is speed skating. This ice race is more competitive and involves outdoing
others in your competition. It has a team pursuit mode which is a relaytype race. In speed skating, competitors race on a 400-meter long track.
However, some competitions have been held where the track is measured
up to 1000 meters long. There are also tracks that measure less than that
and are referred to as short tracks. These are often held in an ice rink.
Speed skates range from 30 to 45 cm in length, depending on the height
and age of the wearer. These are sharpened manually to get a good edge.
Luge (tobogganing) is a sport where an individual or pair slides
down a track face up. The luger uses their calf muscles to steer.
Participating athletes position themselves in a “supine” position whilst
riding the sleds (lying down on their backs facing upwards with their feet
at the bottom). While it may seem like a simple sport because the sled is
just being pulled by gravity, the riders will reach speeds of up to 120 kph.
Bobsleigh (bobsled) is a winter sport performed by racing against
other teams through a course. The event takes place on a treacherous, ushaped track that is made of a solid sheet of ice with high glacier banks
scaling both sides of the track. Modern bobsleds are made from a
lightweight composite and designed to have dynamic positioning to make
turns more precise. For the team competition, teams will usually be
composed of four or two individuals. There are also individual races
where the competitor rides a monobob.
Skeleton is a winter sliding sport in which a person rides a small sled,
known as a skeleton bobsled, down a frozen track while lying face down
and head-first. The sport and the sled may have been named from the bony
appearance of the sled.
Ice hockey is a winter sport usually played indoors. Two teams
compete by shooting a rubber puck into
a goal to score. The sport is known to
have hard hits and go fast, which is why
anyone looking to have their adrenaline
pumping will enjoy this. It is believed
to have been adopted from other forms
of stick games coming from Europe. It
43
is the official winter sport of Canada. The teams are composed of six
members: three forwards, two defensemen, and a goaltender. They use ice
skates to navigate the field and hockey sticks to hit, steal, and shoot the
puck. As a full-contact sport, players are required to wear protective
equipment, including helmets, face masks, gloves, mouth guards, and
pads in various parts of their body. Goaltenders wear specialized
equipment to further protect them and make them more adept in moving
to defend the goal.
These are the recognized types of winter sports played all over the
world. With the introduction of artificial snow and technology that can
create snow, the limitations for these sports are getting smaller and
smaller, allowing fans to enjoy watching the games and for athletes to
showcase their talents and skills all year round.
a) Give the definitions to the following words: winter sports, iceskating, figure skating, speed skating, ice rink, luge, bobsleigh, skeleton,
ice hockey, monobob, goaltender, full-contact sport, stick games.
b) Translate into English: искусственный снег, альтернативные
средства
передвижения,
индивидуальное
выступление,
выступление в парах, командные соревнования, обувь с
металлическими
лезвиями,
элемент
фигурного
катания
«вращение», элемент фигурного катания «выброс», элемент
фигурного катания «поддержка», двигаться в унисон, эстафета,
превзойти соперника, гонка преследования, положение лёжа на
спине, сани, передавать шайбу, защитная экипировка, капа,
демонстрировать талант.
c) Match the sentences:
1. People use metal-bladed
shoes to
2. Figure skaters perform
3. Speed skating is highly
competitive and
4. Tobogganing
is a sport
where
5. Modern bobsleds are made
from
44
a. the bony appearance of the
sled.
b. be adopted from stick games
coming from Europe.
c. four or two individuals.
d. showcase their talents and
skills all year round.
e. an individual or pair slides
down a track face up.
6. Skeleton may have been
made from
7. Bobsleigh team is composed
of
8. Ice hockey is believed to
9. Ice hockey team consists of
10.
The introduction of
artificial
snow
and
technology allows athletes to
f. glide over the surface.
g. three
forwards,
two
defensemen,
and
a
goaltender.
h. involves outdoing overs.
i. on the ice using figure
skates.
j. a light weight composite and
designed to have dynamic
positioning.
d) Fill in the gaps with right prepositions: people use ice skates to
glide ... the surface; figure skating involves individual, pair, or group
performance accompanied ... music; figure skaters move precisely and
... unison; in speed skating competitors race ... a 400-meter long track;
speed skates range ... 30 ... 45 cm length; lugers slide ... a track face up;
in bobsleigh athletes race ... other teams ... a course; modern bobsleds
are made ... a lightweight composite; bobsleigh teams are composed ...
four or two individuals; ice hockey has been adopted ... stick games
coming from Europe.
Task 7. Watch a video “Making snow for the Olympics” on
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lZvJ49gJ9Tw and do the
following tasks:
a) Match the vocabulary with the
next to the numbers 1-918
1. natural
2. a particle
3. a crystal
4. pristine
18
correct definition and write a-i
a. pure and unspoilt
b. not man-made
c. the half of the globe that is
in the north of the equator
d. a unit of measurement for
liquids equal to about 3.8
litres
Making snow for the Olympics https://learnenglishteens.britishcouncil.org/study-break/videozone/making-snow-olympics
45
5. a gallon
e. a very small piece of
something
f. a tiny drop of liquid
g. a substance with a regular
shape and many sides which
is formed when the
substance becomes solid
h. how well you can see in
particular weather conditions
i. small (about the amount
something has changed)
6. marginal
7. the northern hemisphere
8. visibility
9. a droplet
b) Circle True or False for these sentences.
1. Machine-made snow is like two-week-old natural
snow.
2. Natural snow takes minutes or hours to form.
3. The machines take 5 to 15 seconds to produce snow
crystals.
4. Joe VanderKelen is the second generation of his
family to make snow.
5. This is the first time that Joe`s company has worked
for the Winter Olympics.
6. In Sochi, the snowmakers used helicopters to find a
source of water for snowmaking.
7. They built lakes to store water for snowmaking.
8. In Sochi, they now have a snowmaking capacity of
10.000 gallons a minute.
9. An event can be cancelled if there is a fog or a
visibility problem.
10. You can`t it machine-made snow.
True / False
True / False
True / False
True / False
True / False
True / False
True / False
True / False
True / False
True / False
c) Hold a discussion: Do you like watching winter sports on TV?
Have you ever done any of the sports in the Winter Olympics?
Task 8. Do the crossword.
46
1
3
4
2
1
5
2
3
4
Down
1. Fancy costumes and fun music
make this event a crowd
pleaser.
2. The pastime of sliding down
snow-covered slopes on skis is
known as ____ skiing.
3. This shuffleboard-like sport
uses brooms, but athletes are
not cleaning up.
4. This team event requires sticks,
ice-skates, and gets quite
rough.
5. This event is a race on ice
skates. No time for triple axles
in this ice rink area.
47
Across
1. This sled-like event was
invented in Switzerland.
2. A sled formed of two short
sleds coupled one behind the
other.
3. Skiing in open country over
rolling, hilly terrain.
4. In this event, similar to the
luge, athletes can reach speed
of 5gs. They go fast, no bones
about it.
5. This halfpipe isn`t just for
skateboarders. What other
sport has a halfpipe in the
Olympics?
Task 9. Read the text and do the tasks that follow.
Skiing19
Winter sport is a wide field; but despite the thrills of ice-hockey, the
fascinations on figure-skating, skiing dominates all, and above all, Alpine
skiing.
Skiing is a kind of sport and a mode of transportation involving
moving over snow on a pair of long flat runners (skis) attached to shoes
or boots. Skiing was born in Scandinavia; the oldest skis, found in
Swedish and Finnish bogs, are 4,000-5,000 years old. Skiing is a
symphony of snow, sun and movement; the air is champagne to the lungs.
No wonder skiing has conquered the world. It recruited millions of
followers. It made poor mountain villages and tiny townships into wealthy
resorts.
Skiing comprises Alpine events, ski-jumping and cross-country
events. The Alpine events for women and men are slalom, giant slalom
and downhill (race).
In the downhill race, where the aim is to get from top to bottom in
the quickest possible time, choosing the best course for the purpose,
speeds above 50 m.p. a possible. In the slalom, competitors must weave
their way through 40 flagged gates during their two runs.
Slalom is an Alpine skiing event in which competitors race one at a
time down a zigzag or wavy course past a series of flags or markers called
gates. The course is carefully designed to test the skier's skill, timing, and
judgment. A skier who misses a gate is disqualified unless he or she
returns and passes through it from the proper side.
The giant slalom has characteristics of both slalom and downhill
skiing; giant-slalom gates are wider and set farther apart, and the course
is longer than in the slalom. The super giant slalom ("super-G") is closer
to downhill; its course is steeper and straighter than that of the other
slalom events and features longer, more sweeping turns taken at higher
speed.
Cross-country skiing is skiing in open country over rolling, hilly
terrain. It originated in Scandinavia as a means of travel as well as
recreation. The skies used are longer, narrower, and lighter than those
used in Alpine skiing, and bindings allow more heel movement.
Е.Н. Ярославова, В.А. Князькова Sports and Games: английский язык. – Челябинск: Издво ЮуРГУ ,2003. – 68 с.
19
48
Ski jumping is a skiing event in which contestants ski down a steep
ramp curved upward at the end and launch themselves into the air for
distance. Using a crouch position, skiers can achieve ramp speeds of 75
mi (120 km) per hour. After takeoff, they lean far forward from the ankles
with knees straight and skis held open at the tips to form a V, a position
that minimizes wind resistance and maximizes lift. Scoring is based partly
on distance and partly on form.
There are two more skiing events in which a participant is to display
two skills. The so-called Nordic combination (combined) combines
jumping and a 15-km cross-country race.
The last but not the least is biathlon. Biathlon is a combination of
cross-country ski running and rifle-marksmanship: a 20 km race, with
each contestant firing five shots at a single target on each of four rouges
along the course. Every target-miss will mean two minutes being added
to the competitor’s time.
a) Answer the questions:
1. Why has skiing conquered the world?
2. What kinds of events does skiing comprise?
3. What is the aim of downhill race?
4. What is slalom?
5. What is the difference between slalom and giant slalom?
6. Where did cross-country skiing originate?
7. What is ski jumping?
8. What two sports does Nordic combined unite?
9. What skills should be displayed in biathlon?
10. What sports outfit and equipment do you need to go skiing?
b) Complete the graph. Speak about skiing using the graph.
Skiing
Alpine skiing
Ski jumping
Cross-country skiing
Slalom
Downhill (race)
Giant slalom
49
Task 10. Read the dialogue. Reproduce it in pairs.
A: Ah, hello! Just off the “snow-train”? I never suspected you might be
given to skiing.
B: Who me? Skiing is my life-long hobby.
A: I am wild about it too. There is nothing like a pair of skis for your
week-end out of town in winter!
B: Yes. You break away from your daily routine, you flash downhill
throwing up geysers of snow on turns and you come back to your city flat
feeling a new man.
A: Quite so. It keeps you wonderfully fit.
B: And here we come to the ski-jump. An impressive sport, isn’t` it?
A: So it is. Just now, by the way, we may watch a contest of ski-jumpers
from Helsinki and St. Petersburg. Would you like to stay here for an hour
or so before we move on to the hills?
B: I am sure I will like it. Ski-jumping is simply breathtaking.
A: Oh, here they start. Do you see a small figure of a skier on the in-run?
B: What a jump, I say. How beautifully he is soaring over to the landinghill.
A: I should say it was a first class. Now, the second skier is dashing down
the incline. The style of his flight is simply magnificent. Oh. What a piece
of bad luck! He cannot retain the balance.... A fall!
B: Pity, isn`t it? This will evidently take some points off his aggregate
sum.
A: Had it not been for this fall it might have been a really hot result.
Task 11. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of alpine skiing.
A: To do alpine skiing you have to be courageous, determined and skillful
as this kind of sport is fast-moving.
B: I agree. It is also important to be careful or you could fall and get
seriously injured.
A: ....
Task 12. Choose the right preposition.
1. Competitive skiing is divided into / onto Alpine, Nordic, and
freestyle events.
2. The earliest mode of skiing developed to / into the sport now called
cross-country skiing.
3. The aim in the downhill race is to get from top to bottom in / at the
quickest possible time, choosing the best course for the purpose.
50
4. In Alpine skiing event competitors race one at / in a time down a
zigzag or wavy course past a series of flags or markers called gates.
5. Using a crouch position, ski jumpers can achieve ramp speeds of 75
mi (120 km) per / in hour.
6. The word “slalom” comes out / from Norwegian for “gentle slope”.
7. The bobsled is shaped as / like a rocket and is made of / from metal
or fiberglass.
8. Scoring is based on / in time in ski jumping.
Task 13. Translate into English.
Беговые лыжи – это соревновательный вид спорта, который требует
силы и выносливости. 2. Горнолыжный спорт – зимний вид спорта,
в котором участники соревнований спускается со склона горы по
подготовленной специальным образом трассе на горных лыжах. 3.
Лыжное двоеборье включает прыжки на лыжах с трамплина и
лыжные гонки. 4. В слаломе спортсмены спускаются со склона горы
по зигзагообразной трассе мимо установленных флажков или
«ворот». 5. Лыжники передвигаются по заснеженной трассе на
лыжах, отталкиваясь палками. 6. В соревнованиях по фристайлу
судьи оценивают игроков по сложности трюков и времени спуска. 7.
Трасса для бобслея представляет собой желоб из железобетона,
покрытого льдом, имеющий различные повороты и виражи. 8. В
скелетоне спортсмены спускаются по желобу лежа на животе
головой вперёд. 9. В санном спорте участники спускаются на санях
лёжа на спине, ногами вперёд. 10. В бобслее принимают участие
команды из двух или четырех человек. 11. В бобслее спортсмены
разгоняют боб, а затем запрыгивают в него. 12. В биатлоне
оцениваются умения спортсменов бегать на лыжах и стрельбе. 13. За
промах по мишени биатлонисты получают штраф в виде
дополнительного круга длинною в 150 метров.
51
Task 14. Make a presentation
on unusual winter sports:
Skijoring
Ski ballet
Snow Polo
Snow Kayaking
Ice Yachting
Kite Skiing
Shark Ice Fishing
Snow Tubing
Ice Karting
Task 15. Make up your own winter sport. Invent your own game for
people to play. Think of the equipment that you need to play the game.
Decide what the object of the game is. Make up five rules about the game.
Explain your new game to the group.
52
Module 4
The Olympic Games
53
Lead In
 How many Olympic sports can you name?
 When were the first Olympic games?
 Which Olympic sports do you like to watch on TV?
 Where are the next games?
A Brief History of the Olympics20
There is no such thing as a “brief” history of the Olympics. That's
because the Olympics started thousands of years ago in Ancient Greece.
Greek city-states used to send athletes to compete against each other with
the reputation of the city and its people on the line. These ancient games
helped create peace among the cities by bringing people together for
friendly competitions.
The modern Olympics began in 1896, but the first one was very
different to the Olympics we know today. Only 14 countries and 176
athletes, all of them men, competed in the games, which were hosted in
Athens. Still, the Olympics were successful and helped to improve
cooperation between nations. Just four years later women competed in the
1900 Olympics in Paris.
Over time the Olympics grew more popular and more nations started
sending competitors. In 1924, the winter Olympics was started. The first
winter Olympics was hosted in Chamonix, France. Only 16 nations and
258 athletes participated, competing in just 16 different events. Like the
summer Olympics, however, the winter games gradually became more
popular.
Following World War II, the Olympics became an important part of
the Cold War and were vital in maintaining world peace. During the Cold
War, the world was divided between communism and capitalism, with the
Soviet Union and United States competing intensely with each other. The
Olympics were one of the main ways in which these two nations
competed.
At the same time, many new nations were coming into existence.
With the colonial empires of France, the United Kingdom, and others
crumbling, new countries were founded. Many of these countries wanted
to prove themselves to the world, and the Olympics was one way to do so.
20
Absolute English https://absolute-english.com/articles-in-english-olympics/
54
From humble beginnings, the Olympic games have evolved into the
grandest games on earth. In fact, the Rio Olympics saw 205 countries and
over 10,000 athletes competing in 302 separate events.
Furthermore, while the Olympics was predominantly hosted by
developed countries through much of their modern history, the recent
games have been hosted in developing nations, such as Brazil and China.
Many up-and-coming nations now view the Olympics as a way to
announce their prosperity to the world.
Currently, the United States dominates the world stage, and has
taken home the most medals in nearly every summer Olympics over the
past few decades. During the Beijing Olympics in 2008, China came close
to taking home the most medals but couldn't quite beat the United States.
Recently, criticism over the costs and burden of the games has
increased. Norway pulled out of a winter Olympics bid just a few years
ago because its citizens didn't want to deal with the hassle.
Meanwhile, the summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro faced many
setbacks and challenges. So, what does the future hold for the Olympics?
They'll almost certainly continue to be hosted, but given these issues,
reform may be inevitable for the games.
Language Focus : Vocabulary + Expressions
1. brief - (adj) short, not lasting a long time
2. to compete against sb - (verb) to try to be better than someone in sth
3. on the line - if sth is “on the line” it means it at risk or in danger of sth
bad happening to it
4. gradually - (adverb) - slowly, sth happens over time
5. the Cold War - war between 1947 and 1991 between US and Soviet
Union
6. vital - (adj) - essential, absolutely necessary or extremely important
7. crumbling - to crumble - (verb) to fall apart or break down - the empires
were slowly falling apart
or breaking down
8. founded - created or established - to found - to create or establish (verb)
9. prove themselves to the world - to prove oneself - (reflexive verb) to
show your ability in sth to others
10.humble beginnings - starting off small or with little money
11.grandest - (superlative adj) most magnificent
12.furthermore - (adverb) in addition, besides
13.predominantly - (adverb) mainly
55
14.Up-and-coming - new and starting to become successful in sth
15.prosperity - (noun) state of being successful
16.dominates - (verb) has power and influence over
17.burden - (noun) responsibility causing worry or distress
18.pulled out - (phrasal verb) to withdraw participation in something decide not to take part in
something
19.bid - (noun) effort made to try to win (contract) or buy something
20.to deal with - (phrasal verb) to handle or cope with something
21.hassle - (noun) problem, inconvenience
22.meanwhile - (adverb) in the intervening time
23.setbacks - (noun) something that reverses progress - a difficulty or
problem.
24.inevitable - (adj) certain to happen, unavoidable.
Comprehension Questions
Find the answers to these questions in the article.
1. Why were the Olympic games invented?
2. Why do developing nations like to host the Olympics?
3. Were the winter Olympics an instant success?
4. What role did the Olympics play in the Cold War?
5. What country has had the most success at the Olympics?
Comprehension Questions: True or False?
Say whether the following statements are true or false. If they are
false, say why.
1. Women only recently were allowed to compete in the Olympics
2. The summer and winter Olympics became more popular over time.
3. China always win the most medals at the Olympic games.
4. Norway didn’t host the Olympics because of financial problems
5. Developing countries don’t want to host the Olympic Games.
6. There were many problems in Rio de Janeiro for the Olympics.
7. The Olympic Games are unlikely to change in the future.
Task 2. What do you know about the Summer Olympic Games?
a) Read the text and do the tasks that follow.
Summer Olympics21
21
English Club https://www.englishclub.com/vocabulary/sports-olympics-summer.htm
56
The world’s greatest international sporting tournament is the
Summer Olympic Games, also known as the Games of the Olympiad and
the Summer Olympics. The International Olympic Committee (IOC) has
staged the event every four years since 1896, except for 1916 (during the
First World War) and 1940 and 1944 (during the Second World War).
The first Summer Olympics was held in Athens in 1896, and it
featured nine sports for men only: athletics, cycling, fencing, gymnastics,
shooting, swimming, tennis, weightlifting and wrestling.
At the next Summer Olympics in Paris in 1900, the number of sports
was increased to nineteen, with women’s events in golf and tennis.
Since then, the number of sports has increased to twenty-eight,
including:
 aquatic
sports
(swimming,  gymnastics (artistic, rhythmic,
diving, water polo)
trampoline)
 archery

handball
 athletics (or “track and field”)

judo
 badminton

modern pentathlon
 basketball

rowing
 boxing

rugby
 canoeing (slalom and sprint)

sailing
 cycling (road, track, mountain,

shooting
BMX)

table tennis
 equestrian (dressage, jumping,

taekwondo
eventing)

tennis
 fencing

triathlon
 field hockey

volleyball (indoor and
 football
beach)
 golf

weightlifting
 wrestling (freestyle and GrecoRoman)
with women’s events in all of them.
Inclusion of Sports
To be considered for inclusion in the Summer Olympics, a sport
must be widely played in at least 75 countries on at least four continents.
The list of featured sports often changes, with IOC members regularly
voting on whether to include or exclude particular sports. The only sports
to have been included in every Summer Olympics are athletics, cycling,
fencing, gymnastics and swimming. Some sports, like lacrosse and polo,
were included just a few times early last century, and others like croquet
57
and cricket were included just once. Baseball and softball were included
fairly recently but then excluded again, while golf and rugby are being
included again in 2016 for the first time in many years. Several other
sports, like karate and squash, have never been included despite strong
lobbying over many years.
Combined Events
Most Olympic sports are well-known and well-understood, but
some of the less well-known are the “combined events” that include
several activities in one sport, such as the men’s decathlon and the
women’s heptathlon. In the decathlon, men compete in ten different track
and field events, while in the heptathlon women compete in seven events.
Both sports include running, throwing and jumping events, and both are
held over two days. Competitors earn points in each event, and medals are
won by those earning the highest total number of points. Another
“combined event” is the modern pentathlon which originated as a test of
skills needed by 19th-century European soldiers, and includes fencing,
shooting, swimming, running, and show jumping. Another is the triathlon,
which combines a 1.5 km swim, a 40 km bicycle ride and a 10 km run
into one continuous race. Unlike other combined events in which points
are scored, the triathlon is a race to the finish, with competitors
completing each stage as quickly as they can.
Equestrian Sports
Equestrian sports are also among the less well-known Olympic
sports. They are the only ones in which animals are used, with competitors
riding horses in one of three events: dressage, show jumping and eventing.
Dressage is a test of training in which horses and riders are judged as they
perform a series of set movements, while show jumping involves horses
and riders jumping a series of fences and water hazards on a winding
course. Eventing is a combined event that includes dressage, show
jumping and cross-country riding. All the equestrian sports feature both
individual and team events, and they are among the few sporting events
in which men and women can compete as equals.
b) Explain the words in italics (use a dictionary if necessary).
c) Use the correct word to complete the sentences (show jumping,
equestrian, triathlon, to lobby, popular, inclusion of, sports, horse,
competing):
1. With the … golf and rugby, the number of sports increased to twentyeight.
58
2. Companies pay people lots of money … politicians.
3. My daughter loves horses, so she wants to see the … events.
4. Fencing is still quite … in some parts of Europe.
5. Can you remember which … are included in the pentathlon?
6. You have to be very fit to complete a … .
7. It must take a long time to train a … for dressage.
8. … looks like fun but jumping those fences must be dangerous.
9. My wife’s … in this year’s national eventing championships.
Task 3. Read the text about the Summer Paralympic Games and do
the tasks that follow.
Summer Paralympics22
The Summer Paralympic Games, or the Summer Paralympics, is an
international sporting tournament held every four years, shortly after the
Summer Olympic Games. Thousands of athletes with a physical disability
come from all over the world to
compete. Some are missing one or
more limbs, some have trouble
controlling their muscles, and others
might have a visual impairment. But
they all come to represent their
country with pride, and they all do
their best to win a Paralympic
Medal, either gold, silver or bronze.
Summer Paralympic Sports
In
the
first
Summer
Paralympic Games, held in Rome in
1960, 400 athletes from 23 countries competed in just eight paralympic
sports. Since then, the tournament has grown enormously. Now more than
4,000 athletes from over 150 countries compete in 20 sports. The current
list of summer paralympic sports includes archery, athletics, basketball,
boccia, cycling, equestrian, fencing, football, goalball, judo, powerlifting,
rowing, rugby, sailing, shooting, swimming, table tennis, tennis and
volleyball. Many involve the use of wheelchairs, such as basketball,
boccia, fencing, rugby and tennis, while in others special equipment is
22
English Club https://www.englishclub.com/vocabulary/sports-paralympicssummer.htm#wordchecker
59
used, such as the ball containing a bell that visually-impaired players of
goalball listen to while they play.
Disability Categories and Impairment Levels
The Summer Paralympic Games are organized by the International
Paralympic Committee (IPC). The IPC has established ten disability
categories covering a wide range of mostly physical and visual
impairments. The IPC has also established several levels of impairment
within each disability category, from mild to severe. Events for each level
of impairment are held, and this ensures that athletes compete against
others with a similar disability and level of impairment.
Related Tournaments
There are several other international tournaments for athletes with
disabilities, such as the Special Olympics World Summer Games for those
with an intellectual disability, and the Summer Deaflympics for those with
a hearing impairment. These tournaments aren’t run by the International
Olympic Committee, but the IOC and the IPC recognize them and allow
them to use the term “Olympics”.
Task 4. Read about the history of Winter Olympics and do some
exercises.
Winter Olympics
The Winter Olympic Games is a sporting event, which occurs every
four years. The first Winter Olympics was held in Chamonix, France, in
skating, ice hockey, Nordic combined, ski jumping and
speed skating. The Games were held every four years
from 1924 until 1936 when they were interrupted by
World War II. The Olympics resumed in 1948 and
were celebrated every four years, in the same year as
the Summer Olympic Games. In 1992 the governing
body for the Olympic Games, the International
Olympic Committee (IOC), decided to place the Summer and Winter
Games on separate four-year cycles in alternating even-numbered years.
a) Read the text and complete gaps with the correct derivative of each
word in brackets.
The Winter Olympics have been hosted on three continents, but
never in a country in the ____(south) hemisphere. The United States
_____ (host) the Games four times; France has been the host three times;
Austria, Canada, Italy, Japan, Norway and Switzerland have hosted the
60
Games _____(two). In 2014 Sochi is the _____ (one) Russian city to host
the Winter Olympics. The IOC selected Pyeongchang, South Korea, to
host the 2018 Winter Olympics and Beijing as a venue for 2022 Olympics.
b) Fill in the gaps with the correct word:
outbreak
tournament
athletes
International
competed
decided
following
The 1916 Olympics was cancelled after the of World War I. The first
Olympics after the War were held in Antwerp, Belgium and featured
figure skating and ice hockey.
At the IOC Congress held the ________ year it was _______ that
the host nation of the 1924 Summer Olympics, France, would host a
separate "__________ Winter Sports Week" under the patronage of the
IOC. Chamonix was chosen to host this "week" (actually 11 days) of
events. The Games proved to be a success when more than 250 athletes
from 16 nations ________ in 16 events. ________ from Finland and
Norway won 28 medals, more than the rest of the participating nations
combined. In 1925 the IOC decided to create a separate Olympic Winter
Games and the 1924 Games in Chamonix was retroactively designated as
the first Winter Olympics.
c) Make a timeline of the Winter Olympics early history.
St. Moritz, Switzerland, was appointed by the IOC to host the
second Winter Olympic Games in 1928.
Fluctuating weather conditions challenged the
hosts. Because of the weather the 10,000-metre
speed-skating event had to be abandoned and
officially cancelled. The weather was not the
only note-worthy aspect of the 1928 Games;
Sonja Henie of Norway made history when she
won the figure skating competition at the age of
15. She became the youngest Olympic
champion in history, a distinction she would
hold for 74 years.
The next Winter Olympics was the first to
be hosted outside of Europe. Seventeen nations
and 252 athletes participated. This was less than
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in 1928 as the journey to Lake Placid, United States, was a long and
expensive one for most competitors who had little money in the midst of
the Great Depression. The athletes competed in fourteen events in four
sports.
The Winter Games have evolved since their inception. Sports have
been added and some of them, such as luge, short track speed skating and
freestyle skiing, have earned a permanent spot on the Olympic
programme. Others, such as speed skiing, bandy and skijoring, were
demonstration sports but never incorporated as Olympic sports.
There are many unusual sports that have been part of the Olympic
Games as demonstration sports. Gliding, or aeronautics, was
demonstrated in 1936, and also a gold medal awarded for Swiss Hermann
Schreiber for a flight across the Alps in 1935. The IOC were ready to add
this as an official sport in 1940, only for the Olympics to be cancelled by
the outbreak of war. There was plenty of aeronautic skills shown in the
skies during the war, but unfortunately it was never again considered for
the Olympics. The rise of television as a global medium for
communication enhanced the profile of the Games. It created an income
stream, via the sale of broadcast rights and advertising, which has become
lucrative for the IOC.
d) What sports are part of the Winter Olympics programme?
Skiing’s various disciplines call for speed, endurance, and dexterity
from their participants, particularly on challenging slopes.
An incredibly high tempo sport, ice hockey calls for skating skill, tactical
awareness, teamwork and the courage to control a
puck that can reach speeds up to 100km/h.
Combining cross-country skiing
and rifle shooting, biathlon
demands mental focus and
physical stamina, presenting a
fascinating spectacle for viewers.
Curling is an exciting team sport,
that calls for great teamwork, while its tactical
subtleties give it the nickname “chess on ice”.
62
Task 5. Listen to the podcast Preparing for the Beijing Winter
Olympics (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lvhEPmiaeMs) and
answer the questions:
1) The Winter Olympics have not been around as long as the Summer
Olympics, so do you know when the first Winter event took place?
2) When did Beijing host the previous Olympics?
3) How did Covid-19 affect the Beijing Olympics organization?
4) What are the advantages (disadvantages) of artificial snow?
5) How many winter sports and disciplines will be included in the
programme?
Vocabulary for the podcast:
 controversy - disagreement or argument about something people
have strong feelings about
 in full swing - at its highest level or activity
 headache - something that causes you a lot of problems
 mountain (metaphor) - large amount of something
 dynamic - continually changing and developing
 the clock is ticking - time is running out to prepare for or complete
something
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Module 5
Extreme sports
64
Lead In
 Have you tried any dangerous or extreme sports?
 What makes these sports extreme?
 Which extreme sports scare you the most?
 Have you ever had an adrenaline rush?
Focus on: ACTIVE VOCABULARY
Extreme sports; mountain climbing; white-water rafting; free
climbing; BASE jumping; parachuting; zorbing; scuba diving; blobbing;
wakeboarding; parkour; abseiling; bungee jumping; canyoning; ice
diving; motocross; street luge; waterfall kayaking; rock climbing; sky
diving.
Thrill; become addicted; adrenaline rush; daredevils; sheer
enthusiasts; nerve-tingling; exciting, scary, terrifying, incredible, insane,
humdrum, sissy.
Safety equipment; parachute; wingsuit.
Fixed structure; span; cliff edge; urban.
Task 1. Match the definitions to the names of extreme sports in the
box.
Extreme skiing, extreme canoeing, hydro speed, big jump, base jump,
paragliding, big wall, buildering, cascade climbing
1. ____________: to glide down iced walls from a high altitude.
2. ____________: to go down dangerous waters and jump from over 15metre-high waterfalls.
3. ____________: to jump off high mountains.
4. ____________: fifteen second free falls at 120 km per hour from a
helicopter or a balloon.
5. ____________: considered the riskiest sport in the world, jumpers
choose high cliffs and throw themselves off; then wait until the last
moment to open the parachute.
6. ____________: to climb high walls, sometimes higher than 2000
metres
7. ____________: to go down dangerous rivers with nothing but a small
board.
8. ____________: to climb waterfalls which have become frozen because
of extreme cold.
65
9. ____________: to climb high buildings or monuments in cities; besides
the danger of falling, there´s always the risk of getting arrested, as it is
illegal.
Task 2. Read the text and answer the questions which follow.
EXTREME SPORTS? EXTREME INSANITY!23
There was a time when extreme sports meant skiing or surfing.
Maybe mountain climbing or white-water rafting. But by today’s
standards, these sports are considered tame. These days, more and more
people are becoming addicted to the thrill of extreme danger.
Take the new sport of urban free climbing. This is hugely popular in
Russia where climbers find a high-rise
building and climb it. With no safety
equipment. There are countless videos you
can see online of young daredevils going
to the top of a skyscraper. Then making a
video of themselves as they climb the
antenna at the very peak. Or skip along the
very edge of the building hundreds of
metres in the air. Using no safety equipment and no ropes, these extreme
climbers manage to get to the top of many famous skyscrapers around the
world. They then upload their photographs and videos to social media
websites for their thousands of
followers. Why do they do it? For
the sheer thrill of it. They live for
danger.
While people in the past
enjoyed playing football or a game
of tennis, today’s sports enthusiasts
want something with a lot more
excitement. They need to feel the
adrenaline rush of doing an activity
that puts them in danger.
Another popular extreme sport is BASE jumping. This involves
jumping from a fixed structure with either a parachute or a wingsuit and
flying to the ground. BASE stands for the four kinds of fixed objects that
the person can jump from: building, antenna, span and earth. Span is
23
Man Writes https://manwrites.com/extreme-sports-extreme-insanity/
66
usually a bridge. Earth is usually in the form of a cliff edge or a mountain.
It is extremely dangerous, and people die from doing it. But that doesn’t
seem to stop the rapid growth of the sport. In professional parachuting, it
is advised to open the parachute from a minimum height of just over 900
metres. But in BASE jumping, that is not always possible. Hence the
danger.
Social media has played a big part in the popularity of extreme
sports. We can see many videos on sites such as YouTube, for example,
that show the nerve-tingling situations that these enthusiasts get into.
There are even videos of people having serious accidents or falling to their
deaths. Because of this, there is much debate over whether some of these
extreme sports should be banned.
Many of the urban free climbers and BASE jumpers are engaging in
their chosen sports against the authorities. With no safety regulations in
place and no professional team to advise them, should these people be
allowed to indulge in these activities? Incredibly, BASE jumping is not
illegal in many places. The only illegal thing the people are doing is
trespassing on private property.
And there are more and more videos online of people plummeting
to their deaths. Is this really a sport? Or are we just entertained at the idea
of people possibly dying? Nonetheless, these sports are gaining in
popularity.
Questions:
1. What are the traditional extreme sports the article mentions at the
beginning? Are these sports still believed to be exciting today?
2. What kind of sports do people want to do today?
3. What is the first example of modern extreme sport that the article
mentions? What do people do in this sport?
4. Is this sport popular in Russia? Where do the climbers post videos?
5. What is the second extreme sport the article mentions? How do
people do this sport?
6. What does BASE stand for?
7. Is this sport becoming more popular?
8. What is the minimum height to open a parachute?
9. Which website shows a lot of extreme sports videos?
10.
Are these sports illegal?
Discussion Questions:
67
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
What are extreme sports?
How would you define extreme sports?
What makes extreme sports ‘extreme’?
Have you ever tried any extreme sports? If so, which ones?
Would you like to try any extreme sports? Why/why not?
Which ones have you tried?
What kind of extreme sports are popular in your country?
What are the risks of extreme sports?
What is an ‘adrenaline rush’? Have you ever had an adrenaline rush?
What caused it to happen?
10.
What is the attraction of extreme sports? Why do people want
to do extreme sports?
11.
Do you think we should allow extreme sports?
12.
Which ones are acceptable? Which ones unacceptable? Why
do you think so?
13.
Have you seen any videos of extreme sports online? How do
they make you feel?
14.
Are extreme sports a danger to other people? How so?
15.
What should the authorities do about extreme sports such as
urban free climbers? Should they allow them to do it? Why/why
not?
Task 3. Read the text and say what the arguments for extreme sports
are. Can you think of any other reasons?
WHY ARE EXTREME SPORTS SO POPULAR? 24
by Carol Trehearn
More and more people are beginning to realize that extreme sports,
such as activities that include snowboarding, skateboarding, mountain
biking, kayaking, and much more, are huge amounts of fun. They are
attracting larger and larger numbers each year, but the question is why?
Why are extreme sports so popular? We looked further into the reasons
behind the uptake in extreme sports.
Stop Being Afraid
One thing that extreme sports do better than perhaps anything else
is to help you to stop being afraid. It may sound strange to say that when
their main function is to induce fear and adrenalin, after time your fear
response to other things in life will be dramatically reduced. After all, if
24
Xtreme Spots https://www.xtremespots.com/news/why-are-extreme-sports-so-popular/
68
you can jump out of a plane or leap off a bridge, then you can face
anything else in life easily.
People Become More Focused
When extreme sports are a part of your life, you necessarily have to
become more focused and more centered. You’ll be pushed to your very
limits, whether it’s on a float tube running the river rapids or a mountain
bike that takes you all across the top of the world, if you aren’t focused
you will make mistakes – dangerous mistakes. Learning to be this focused
when enjoying extreme sports will help you to be focused at work and
home, keeping you more productive and ultimately more successful.
Different Muscles Are Used
It’s great to stay fit and keep healthy, but standard exercise routines
and sports only work the same muscles over and over. With extreme
sports, you will be working entirely different muscles, and that means you
get an all over workout. It will feel sore for a while, but once you get more
used to it, it will hurt a lot less, and you’ll feel incredible.
People Feel More Confident
When you find that you can complete any kind of physical or mental
challenge such as the ones set out by extreme sports, you will feel
invincible, and your self-confidence will be at an unprecedented level.
When you remember that a lot of other people wouldn’t even begin to
think about trying what you have not only tried but succeeded at, your
self-confidence will be even higher.
More Calories Are Burned
69
In order to get in the best possible physical shape, take up extreme
sports. We’ve mentioned about the different muscles that are used, but
extreme sports also burn a lot more calories than other sports. Take
skateboarding, for example; it can burn as many as 500 calories per hour.
Basketball burns around 300 in the same time.
You Can Meet New People
It’s great to make new friends, and there isn’t always a lot of change
to do that as an adult. Extreme sports can allow you to meet people who
have exactly the same passions as you, and that can be rare. Extreme
sports can offer a fantastic social life, and even when the activity is over,
you can still hang out.
Task 4. Take a look at the list of extreme sports below.
zorbing
scuba diving
blobbing
wakeboarding parkour
abseiling
street luge
waterfall
kayaking
bungee
jumping
canyoning
ice diving
motocross
white water
rafting
rock
climbing
sky diving
a) Define what each of the sports are. Write two or three sentences to
describe clearly what each extreme sport is.
b) Decide which ones you would like to try. Give very clear reasons why
you would like to try these extreme sports or not.
c) Try to think of a new kind of extreme sport.
• What equipment does this sport require?
• Where can people play/do this sport?
• Is it legal/illegal? Is this part of the enjoyment of the sport?
d) Write an introduction to this sport.
Task
5.
Watch
this
video
about
extreme
sports
(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=914nDVeJBKc) and do the
exercises to check your understanding.25
25
British Council: Learn English Teens https://learnenglishteens.britishcouncil.org/studybreak/video-series/word-on-the-street/extreme-sports
70
a) Do this exercise first to check your sports vocabulary then watch
the video.
Foaming water
parkour
rapids
a challenge
the thrills and
spills of …
an adrenalin
junkie
a rush
to stay afloat
 a person who is addicted to the feeling of excitement or fear that
comes with dangerous activities
 white water with lots of bubbles
 a part of a river where the water moves very fast
 this expression is used in relation to an experience that is exciting
and full of surprises
 (in a boat) to stay on top of the water, to not sink
 a sudden feeling of excitement
 the sport of finding the fastest way through a city environment by
jumping, climbing and running
 something that is enjoyably difficult and stimulating to do
b) Circle True or False for these sentences.
1. Extreme sports are only popular in the mountains in
the UK.
2. People who enjoy fast and dangerous sports, like
white-water rafting, are called thrill seekers or
adrenalin junkies.
3. In white-water rafting you have to try to stay afloat
in the river.
4. Parkour is sometimes called free jumping.
True /False
5. The idea of parkour is to jump and climb over things
like steps, railings and trees.
6. You need special clothes and shoes to do parkour
classes.
True /False
c) Write the words into the correct group.
foaming water
drops
balance
London
71
True /False
True /False
True /False
True /False
rapids
city
France
nature
the elements
trainers
Parkour
White-water rafting
Task 6. Read this article about extreme sports. The first time, read it
quickly. Try to answer this question: Why is jumping off a building
scarier than jumping out of a plane?
The answer is at the bottom of the article. Enjoy!
Then read the article again and explain the words in bold type.
Part 1
You can ride a bicycle, right? In that case you're halfway to becoming a
mountain biker. All you have to do is take your bike off the road and try
some rough terrain. Mountain biking was developed in California in the
70s and became an Olympic sport in 1996. In the London 2012 games
athletes had to navigate a 4.7-kilometre track in under two hours. The
sport has several categories. 'Downhill' involves being taken by car or ski
lift to a high point and riding all the way down to the bottom. You have
to rely on your fitness, mental control, protective equipment and… luck!
Tracks often include long jumps at high speed. It’s almost like flying!
Part 2
Talking of flying, why not go even higher? Skydivers jump from aircraft
at an altitude of 1,000 to 4,000 metres. If you are high enough and your
body is in the correct position to slow you down - with your belly turned
to the ground rather than head-first - you can experience a oneminute free fall before deploying the all-important parachute. And
there’s no age limit with this sport. Dilys Price from Cardiff went on her
first jump aged 54. She'd been having second thoughts, but her worries
soon disappeared. According to the British newspaper the Daily Mail she
said: "I thought 'this is instant death', but the minute I came down I wanted
to go up again - I was hooked." Well, she's in her 80s now, and she’s still
jumping…
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Part 3
Some adrenaline junkies are even bolder – they've invented wingsuit
flying: a sport in which you throw yourself into the void wearing
an aerodynamic suit. And then there's base jumping, in which people
leap from tall structures such as buildings or bridges with a parachute.
Some of their stunts are illegal. Dan Witchalls had been skydiving for
years when he decided to take up base jumping. He has jumped off The
Shard - London's 310 metre-high skyscraper - four times. He says: "Base
jumping is scarier than jumping out of a plane. In a plane there is no
perception of height, but when you are standing on the edge of the
building you can see people and cars - it makes it very real."
Part 4
It seems there’s no lack of imagination when it comes to risking life – and
sometimes jail - to look cool and get the heart pounding. Surfing, scuba
diving, rock climbing… which one's for you? Not sure? Well, if you're
busy at home, why not turn one of your chores into a daredevil pursuit?
'Extreme ironing' is not for wimps! Pressing your shirt on top of a
mountain could be the most dangerous sport of all, depending on the
mountain.
Part 5
Extreme ironing is said to have been created in the 1990s in the English
town of Leicester by a man who saw a pile of wrinkled clothes and felt
bored. That was Phil Shaw who also won the only Extreme Ironing
Championships ever held, in Germany in 2002. But the thrill of this sport
seems to come from looking at the spectators’ faces. Shaw says:
"Sometimes they look confused, sometimes they laugh. It’s fun to see how
people respond to it."
Answer to our question:
Why is jumping off a building scarier than jumping out of a plane?
Because there is no perception of height from a plane. When you jump off
a building you can see people and cars, which makes it feel more real.
Task 7. This is a debate activity.
Divide the class into two groups of equal numbers. Choose one person to
act as chairperson of the debate. The chairperson must ensure there is
order during the debate. Plus, they must make sure that everyone has the
chance to speak.
Team A
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You are a group of extreme sports enthusiasts. You live for danger and
you love the thrill of jumping off high buildings or going surfing on a
huge wave. You don't believe you are putting anyone else's life in danger
and you think it is your right to live your life as you please. Extreme sports
make you feel alive!
Team B
You want to put a stop to extreme sports. You think that it is only a matter
of time before someone dies — and you cannot allow that. You think that
extreme sports put other people’s lives in danger as well as the
participants. People do not have the right to do what they want. There
must be rules in place in society and you would like people to obey these
rules. Have respect for your own life — as well as others!
The Situation
The city is a resort by the sea. There are many high buildings, and this has
attracted many urban free climbers to the city. They climb the buildings
and make videos that they post online.
This has attracted even more extreme sports enthusiasts. Now there are
BASE jumpers who like to jump from the high buildings. Not only that
but there are surfers in the sea. And the waves are very high. Sometimes
there are storms and the sea can become very dangerous, but still, the
surfers appear to ride the next wave.
Something needs to be done!
Before someone loses their life!
In your teams, take some time to prepare your lines of argument and what
you want to say in the debate.
When you are ready, begin the debate!
Task 8. Try to write a short text (a poem, a descriptive essay, a blog
post, etc.) under the title ADRENALINE RUSH.
Write your text as if you are in the middle of doing an extreme sport. It
can be any of the extreme sports you know. For example, maybe you are
bungee jumping. You have just jumped off a bridge very high off the
ground. And your text describes the feeling that rushes through your body
and your mind as you fall to the ground.
In your text, think about all your senses — sight, hearing, touch, smell
and taste.
Try to write about all your feelings.
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Module 6
CAREERS IN SPORT
75
Lead-in
 What is sport as a career?
 What degree do you need to enter the sports industry?
 What is the best job in sport?
 What is the highest paying athletic job?
Focus on: ACTIVE VOCABULARY
athlete/sportsman,
amateur
athlete/sportsman,
professional
athlete/sportsman, employment contract, sports coach/sports instructor,
PE teacher, sports lawyer, sports physiotherapist, leisure centre/gym
manager, sports journalist, sports photographer, team coach, athletic
trainer, sports nutritionist, sports development officer, sports
commentator (sports announcer or sportscaster), sporting world, sports
industry, sports skills and knowledge, umpire, referee, physiotherapist,
regular wage, prize money, sponsorship, tactic, technique, physical
stamina, sportsmanship, athlete`s physical performance, strength training,
speed, endurance, agility, stability, injury prevention, fault, fine, penalty,
fair play, coaching staff, league, musculoskeletal, cardiovascular.
Task 1. Fill in the blanks with an appropriate word using your active
vocabulary.26
1. Each of these competitors has their eye on the ￡50,000 p ... m... . .
2. You may discover skiing requires more p ... s ... than you want to
exert.
3. Every sportsman should have s... . When defeated, he should greet
his opponent and congratulate him.
4. The marathon is a test of e ... .
5. An extra-time p... gave Barcelona a last-gasp win over Chelsea.
6. With her speed and a..., Cage cut out all her competitors in the
hurdle race.
7. Both aerobic exercise and s... t... are essential for good nutrition and
quality of life.
8. The punishment depends on how the u... interprets the rules.
9. The spirit of f... p... is sadly missing from the sport these days.
10. The coach called a time-out to discuss strategy.
11. Barcelona look likely winners of the Spanish L... .
26
Sentence Dictionary https://sentencedict.com/referee.html
76
12. Some of the players claims a penalty but the r... told them to play
on.
Task 2. Match the word on the left with its definition.
a. a person who regularly
1. Captain
watches a team play.
b. the official person in control
2. Coach
in some sports.
c. a person who watches a game
3. Commentator
d. a person who describes a
4. Manager
game on TV or the radio.
e. a person who gives practical
5. PE teacher
teaching to make sb better in
sport.
f. a person who instructs
6. Referee (inf. ref)
students
about
sports,
physical
development,
health, and proper nutrition.
g. the player who is a leader of
7. Referee’s assistant
the team.
h. a person who consults,
8. Spectator
assesses, prescribes, designs
and supervises physical
rehabilitation,
strength,
conditioning and fitness
exercise.
i. the person in control of a
9. Sports physiologist
football team.
j. a person who helps the
10. Supporter
referee in some sports.
Make sure you know the difference between the following words:
Amateur athlete – someone who competes in sports for personal
satisfaction and not for monetary gain. As an amateur athlete he excelled
in field athletics and strength-based sports and specialised in
weightlifting.
Professional athlete – an individual who is paid to play a sport. The sport
may be a team-based sport, such as baseball, or an individual one, such as
77
golfing. Despite his age, he retains the quickness and agility of
a professional athlete.
Coach – someone whose job is to train and organize a sports team. Our
football coach has worked hard to inculcate a team spirit into the players.
Trainer – a person who teaches skills to people and prepares them for an
activity, or sport. A lot of wealthy people have their own personal trainer
(= a person they employ to help them exercise).
Umpire – the person who makes sure that players obey the rules in sports
such as tennis, baseball, and cricket. Mack was thrown out of the game for
hitting an umpire.
Referee – someone who makes sure the rules of a sport such as football,
basketball, or boxing are followed. We only lost the game because the
referee was biased.
Judge – someone who decides on the result of a competition. If an
American boxer is facing a French boxer, judges from Canada, Britain
and Mexico may be preferred
Field judge – a football official whose duties include covering action on
kicks and forward passes and timing intermission periods and time-outs.
Bill Belichick received the explanation from field judge John Jenkins after
a Hunter Henry touchdown catch was overturned on review and ruled an
incompletion.
Task 3. Choose the correct answer.
1. They have a special manager/coach to improve their fitness.
2. The captain/manager wears an armband during the game.
3. The referee/umpire gave him a red card.
4. I lead/support Real Madrid, and go most to their home games.
5. In the men`s singles final at Wimbledon, they had a Portuguese
referee/umpire.
6. There were 40, 000 in the ground, of which about 5,000 were
Arsenal spectators/supporters.
Task 4. Fill in the gaps in the following sentences with a suitable word
(manager, pitch, fans, referee`s assistant, commentator, referee, captain):
There was trouble at last week’s game. Our 1) ... got a red card in the
second half for arguing with 2) ... , and then the other team scored a goal
in the last minute, although the 3) ... had his flag up for offside. Even the
4) ... on the radio thought it was offside, but the ref gave the goal. At the
78
end of the match, some 5) ... who were in the crowd then ran onto the 6)...,
and the referee had to have a police escort. In the press conference after
the game, our 7) ... was still very angry.
Task 5. Look at the photos of people in jobs:
 What aspects of working do you associate
with each job?
 What words might describe the sort of
person who choses each of these jobs?
 Why do people choose to do jobs like
these?
 What
might
make
them
good
professionals?
 Outline some possible pros and cons of
each job.
A
B
C
D
Task 6. Read the text about sports related careers and do the tasks
that follow.
79
Sports related careers27 28
Sports related careers are aspired by a huge number of people who
are skilled and talented in sport. If playing professional sport is not quite
achievable you can still follow your passion and turn your sports skills
and knowledge into a successful career. In spite of the challenges
presented by the pandemic the global sports market remains a massive
industry that is expected to approach 600 $ billion by 2025. Above
average growth, projections are supported by hot new areas like e-sports
and fantasy sports that should help create even more jobs in the sporting
world. If you want a career in sports, you have two main options:
 choose a career that’s only available in the sports industry (e.g.
athlete or sports coach);
 opt for a career that’s available in a range of different industries,
including sport (e.g., social media executive or accountant).
Thus, not only the sports persons or players can make a career in this
very field, but also, the coaches, umpires, referees, physiotherapists etc.
However, like the entertainment industry, the rate of success in this field
entirely depends on the skill of the professionals. The tasks of the
professionals in sports related careers depend on the role and job type.
The athletes, coaches, umpires, doctors, all have different tasks to
perform.
The athletes are the key aspect of these careers. They are required to
practice and perform thoroughly. As well as competing and travelling to
competitions, athletes spend a lot of time in training. Some have an
employment contract with a sporting organisation and receive a regular
wage; others earn money ‘as and when’, for example through prize money
or sponsorship deals. They are supposed to obey their coaches and trainers
for better results.
The coaches train and teach the players various tactics and techniques
to win. They make them practice and help them to enhance their physical
stamina. They induce unity and sportsmanship within the players. The
coaches hold major part of the responsibility of the victory or defeat of
the team.
Strength and conditioning coaches help people to improve their
fitness. However, they focus more on the entire development of an
27
Careers in Sport https://targetcareers.co.uk/careers-advice/choosing-your-career/1034364careers-in-sports
28
Healthy lifestyle: учеб. пособие / Н. В. Щеглова, под. ред. Л. Г. Ярмолинец. Краснодар:
КГУФКСТ, 2011–154 с.
80
athlete’s physical performance: not just strength training, but also speed,
endurance, agility, stability and injury prevention.
Umpires (referees) are present on the ground along with the
competing teams. They keep a keen observation on the players and declare
decisions like dismissals, winning points, faults, fines, penalties etc. They
play a crucial role in keeping the players in discipline and ensuring a fair
play.
Doctors, physiotherapists and remaining medical team assist and
accompany the players at all venues and locations. They provide
immediate help to the players in case of injuries, bruises, cramps, muscle
pulls etc.
As an accredited exercise physiologist you are an allied health
professional qualified with the knowledge and skills to prescribe exercise
as a way to promote healthy habits and help patients manage and improve
medical conditions. You will need a wide range of knowledge about the
human body, like the musculoskeletal, cardiovascular and endocrine
systems and the impacts and benefits of exercise on these systems. You
will get to work in a variety of settings, including hospitals, clinics and
fitness centres, and help a wide range of patients to make a big difference
in their lives.
A sports psychologist can do several things to help athletes with
sports and performance. A sports psychologist role is more accepted today
as a part of the regular coaching staff for teams and for individual
athletes–than 10 years ago. Sports psychologist can help athletes
overcome fears, such as fear of failure, fear of embarrassment, and general
performance anxiety. They primarily teach athletes mental game skills to
improve their performance and learning.
Team managers, board members are the professionals who take care
of the official work and arrangements of the team, coaches and other
assistances. They organize and schedule various events and leagues. They
handle the department of hiring and firing the players and other
professionals. They even take care of the profits and losses of the boards,
leagues or business of the same.
If you have strong organisational and people skills you could make a
great manager for a leisure centre or gym. Typical duties include
recruiting and managing staff, ensuring they are properly trained up and
have up-to-date qualifications, making sure that the centre is well
maintained (for example, that it is clean and tidy and that gym equipment
is in working order), overseeing the budget, promoting the centre and
81
increasing its income, ensuring that health and safety policies are
followed, organising staff rotas and assisting customers.
Commentators are the professionals who give a live or recorded
description of the sports events that are taking place, or which have
already occurred. Their task is to give a vivid elaboration of all the action
that took place in the game.
If you are a strong writer or confident speaker you could consider a
career as a sports journalist. You could work for newspapers, websites,
TV stations, radio stations or a combination of these. Taking a journalism
qualification is helpful, either instead of going to university, at
undergraduate (first) degree level or after studying a different subject at
university.
Similarly, media outlets need strong sports images to accompany
their stories. You could work for a publication (print and/or web), as a
freelancer, for a news agency or for an organisation that runs sporting
events (such as UCI, organisers of the Tour de France, or the International
Olympic Committee).
There is not one specific route into these careers. Some employers
like a degree; others do not mind. You could try to get directly into these
careers at a sporting organisation, for example by gaining lots of voluntary
experience, or get a similar job outside of sport and then transfer across
once you’ve built up skills and knowledge.
a) Answer the questions.
1. Are only sports persons or players can make a career in sport?
2. What are new areas promising new job vacancies in a sporting
world?
3. What are key aspects for achieving success in a sporting world?
4. What is the athletes` role in sport?
5. What is the main task of a coach?
6. Can you name any famous coach?
7. How can strength coaches improve athletes` performance?
8. Who keeps the players in discipline and ensure a fair play?
9. What duties and responsibilities does an exercise physiologist
have?
10. What does a sports psychologist job involve?
11. Why is a work of team managers and board members crucial for
sports clubs and athletes?
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12. What sports related career is more suitable for a person with welldeveloped writing and/or oratory skills?
b) Complete the sentences with the statements from the text.
1. Sports related careers are aspired by…
2. There are two options to build a career in sport: choose....
3. The rate of success in the sports industry depends on...
4. The athletes are required to…
5. The coaches train and teach the players…
6. Umpires (referees) play a crucial role in…
7. An exercise physiologist possesses a wide range of knowledge
about...
8. Sports psychologists primarily teach athletes...
9. The medical team provides...
10. The board members take care of…
11. The commentators’ task is…
c) Find in the text equivalents of the following words and word
combinations: индустрия развлечений, связанный с различными
видами спорта, киберспорт, фэнтези-спорт, трудовой договор,
призовые деньги, спортивная организация, силовая тренировка,
физическая выносливость, ловкость, профилактика травматизма,
лига, чёткий комментарий, решающая роль, соревнующиеся
команды,
Task 7. Complete the sentences with the words: fine; key aspect; to
obey; keen; hiring; stamina; to schedule; firing; to enhance; dismissal;
to be aspired
1. Sports related careers … by a huge number of people who are skilled
and talented in some type of sport.
2. Team managers organize and … various events and leagues.
3. Umpires keep a …. observation on the players and declare decisions
like …, winning points, faults, … penalties etc.
4. The coaches make them practice and help them to … their physical …
.
5. Team managers handle the department of … and … the players.
6. The athletes are the … of sports careers.
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7. The athletes are supposed to … their coaches and trainers for better
results.
Task 8. Read the statements about careers in sport. Write on the line
below each statement which job the statement is about:
1) They might be professional
players for the same game. He or
she are supposed to be thorough
with the rules and regulations of
the game.
2) They are generally the veteran
or senior retired sports persons.
They are expected to be highly
experienced and successful in their
past sports career.
......................................................
....................................................
3) They are medical professionals
who do the same job that they
might do at a hospital or a clinic.
They possess diplomas and
certifications in medicine and other
specializations.
………………………………….
4)
Organizational
skills,
knowledge of business and
analytic approach are vital for
them. Most of the selectors in the
board and leagues are retired
players themselves.
………………………………..
5) They are not expected much
formal academic achievement
They must be highly skilled and
trained in the sport that they wish
to pursue the career in.
…………………………………..
6) They must be fluent in multiple
languages with pleasant voice and
accent.
……………………………….
Task 9. Read the article about Perluigi Collina, a famous referee and
choose the best answer (A, B, C or D) for questions 1-7.
1. Collina’s health disorder
A. has at time affecting his refereeing.
B. makes players view him with respect.
C. made him more popular with the public.
D. affected his appearance dramatically.
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2. When the writer sees Collina for the first time, he is
A. disappointed by his appearance.
B. impressed by his command of English.
C. surprised at how ordinary he is.
D. shocked by his manner.
3. Collina’s university studies in Bologna
A. enabled him to succeed in refereeing.
B. made him want to become the best.
C. took place alongside his refereeing career.
D. suffered from his involvement in football.
4. Collina quotes the Fiorentina coach in order to show that
A. mistakes in football must be forgiven.
B. footballers should not make mistakes.
C. refereeing mistakes can be quite serious.
D. attitudes towards goalkeepers are unfair.
5. According to Collina, why do people say referees make more
mistakes today than in the past?
A. Football techniques have changed.
B. TV coverage is more effective.
C. TV cameras cause confusion.
D. Refereeing decisions are more difficult.
6. What does Collina refer to as “simulation”?
A. A form of cheating.
B. A style of refereeing.
C. A form of strategy.
D. A kind of injury.
7. What does Collina imply about the 1999 Barcelona match?
A. Manchester United didn`t really deserve to win.
B. Refereeing stopped him from enjoying the game.
C. He wouldn`t have liked his presence to have been noticed.
D. He found the end of the match very exciting.
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You can argue about the best team in the world – but not about the
best referee. Pierluigi Collina tells Jon Henderson that he’s much less
fierce off the pitch, and explains why diving is a crime against football.
About 18 years ago, Perluigi Collina lost all his hair in the space of
15 days due to an attack of the little-understood disease alopecia. “I don’t
know what happened”, he says. “I don’t remember anything in particular
that could have triggered the attack. All I can tell you is that I was 24”. It
is Collina’s great achievement that the
disorder which gave him such a distinctive
look, and would have been the most
memorable thing about almost any other
referee, is not the reason why we all know him
so well. He was voted the best referee in the
world for the fourth time in a row.
As his wife, Gianna. Opens the front door
of the family home in Viareggio, Collina skips
down the stairs. He extends a hand and greets
me in English. He is clearly as diligent a
foreign language student as he is a referee.
The first impression is that Collina looks much younger in the flesh
than he does on television. He says that a combination of his looks and
the concentration involved in refereeing may make him seem older – and,
occasionally, angrier – than he is. “But I’m quite a normal man, really”.
Collina, born and brought up in Bologna, played football until he was
17 when a school friend suggested that they attend a referee course
together. “At each step I was considered one of the best, sometimes the
best,” he says of the 14 years it took him to his way through the ranks to
become a Series A referee. He also went to the University of Bologna,
graduating with a degree in Economics. In 1991 he moved to Viareggio
to work for a bank, which he still does as a financial consultant (Italian
referees are not yet full-time professionals). Does he think himself as a
referee or a financial consultant? “It’s not easy to say what my real job is,
but being a financial adviser is something I will be doing long after I’ve
stopped refereeing”.
All the same there is no doubting his commitment to football and the
sense of kinship he feels with his fellow referees, and this is reflected in a
sensitivity to questions about the standard of refereeing. He is a weary of
the idea that referees are the only people who make mistakes in football.
“Nobody is perfect. In football, everyone tries to do their best, but
86
sometimes they can’t. I remember a short speech by Giovanni Trapattoni,
given while he was the coach of Florentina, three or four years ago his
goalkeeper had made a terrible mistake, which cost his team dearly.
Trapattoni said afterwards, “If a player cannot commit an error on the
field, then we might as well stop playing this game and go home now.”
And I think it has to be the same for the referee, too”.
He regards television as “an unequal instrument” when it comes to
recording refereeing mistakes. “It is too easy to find an angle of vision
different from my angle of vision that could show clearly that something
happened in a different way from the way I judged. That’s why it seems
as though nowadays there are many more refereeing mistakes than there
were 15 years ago. Back then there were only three cameras in the middle
of the field covering the whole playing area. Now there are 16. Maybe at
the next World Cup there will be 20”.
Later, though, he does waver over whether television may help in
eliminating what he calls “simulation” – what we know as “diving” – a
player falling deliberately to fool the referee into awarding a foul or –
quite often – a penalty. Collina sees diving as a crime against fellow
workers. “At the end of the day, all footballers are colleagues. I think
gaining an unfair advantage by diving can create a lot of problems for an
opponent. The result of a relegation match, for instance, could end a
player’s tradition. So I think a player should think carefully, very
carefully, before diving.”
Trust in players is a recurring theme with Collina and, even if you
suspect there must be some notable exceptions, it is equally possible to
believe that the secret of his success is his inclination to think the best of
the 22 others he shares a pitch with. “I don’t want to start a match without
trusting the players because he I couldn’t have a good working
relationship with a man I didn`t trust. It’s impossible.”
And the match he most enjoyed being part of? Refereeing usually
gets in the way of enjoying the football on display, “but there are matches
with high emotion, and I think no one will ever forget the Champions
League 1999 final in Barcelona (Bayern Munich 1, Manchester United 2).
The way United clinched the title in the last three minutes is, to my mind,
one of the greatest moments in world football.”
They say the ultimate success for a good referee is if you hardly
notice his presence. You know, I’d clean forgotten Pierluigi Collina was
in charge that night in Barcelona.29
29
Mail and Guardian https://mg.co.za/article/2002-01-01-whistle-while-you-work/
87
Glossary
alopecia
/ˌæl.əˈpiː.ʃə/
loss of hair, especially from the head, that either
happens naturally or is caused by disease
diligent
careful and using a lot of effort
diving
in football, the act of deliberately falling to the
ground without another player causing you to fall,
in order to try to win a penalty or free kick unfairly
weary
very tired, especially after working hard for a long
time
waver
to lose strength, determination,
or purpose, especially temporarily
Discussion
1. How important is the concept of “fair play” in sport. Discuss in
groups.
2. Which of the following adjectives can be used to describe Collina’s
personality as portrayed in the article? Justify your answers by
referring to the article. Discuss in pairs.
▪ affable ▪ conscientious ▪ hard-working ▪ strict ▪principled
▪ unapproachable ▪ respectable
Task 10. Read the essay and match the headings to the paragraphs.
A) Way of playing
B) Conclusion
C) Character
D) Introduction
E) Getting along with the others
F) Emotional life
Sports Personality of the Year30
English for Students of Physical Education: учебное пособие / О. Н. Гринвальд, С. В.
Коломиец, Е. В. Медведева; Кемеровский государственный университет. – Кемерово, 2014.
– 173 с.
30
88
1) I would like to name Gary Lineker as Sports Personality of the
Year. I think he is not only a good footballer, he is also a very nice person
and very different from other football stars.
2) First of all, in spite of being intelligent, talented and goodlooking, he is actually very modest. He never boasts about what he’s done
or pretends to be somebody he isn’t. Even though he obviously earns a lot
of money and lives in a nice house in London, he doesn’t throw his money
around like others do.
3) Secondly, he is much more open-minded than other football stars.
Many footballers work and live abroad but not many try to become part
of the culture of the country. When Lineker lived in Barcelona, he made
Spanish friends, lived a Spanish way of life and made a point of learning
to speak Spanish.
4) Another thing that makes him different from other footballers is
his sense of fair play on the field. Since he started his career, he has never
been reported in the newspapers for bad behavior and he has never been
sent off for fouling or swearing.
5) Finally, you get the impression that Lineker is a human being with
human emotions like anybody else. When his baby developed a lifethreatening illness, he and his wife went through a very difficult time. He
showed that he is not only capable of strong emotion, he is also prepared
to show it in public.
6) For all these reasons, I think he deserves the title of “Sports
Personality of the Year”.
1
2
3
4
5
6
Task 11. Match the words from A with their synonyms from B.
A
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
B
intelligent
talented
good-looking
modest
open-minded
fair
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
89
gifted
honest
clever
objective
quiet
attractive
Task 12. Fill in the correct preposition. Make up sentences using the
completed phrases.
1) to make smth different …; 2) to be capable … some emotions; 3) …
these reasons; 4) to boast … smth; 5) … public; 6) to be sent off … smth;
7) to become part … smth; 8) to be reported in the newspaper … smth; 9)
to make a point …smth; 10) to throw money … .
Task 13. Join the sentences using: and (also), but, in spite of, however,
even though. Make all the necessary transformations.
NB: Pay attention that however usually goes at the beginning of the
sentence and is followed by a comma. For example, He was rather
tired. However, he went to the party.
After in spite of we can use either a noun or ing-form. For example, In
spite of being late, she managed to fulfill all the tasks.
1. He is friendly. He is very polite.
2. She is talented. She is a bit lazy.
3. I was sleepy. I helped mother about the house.
4. It was a very tiring day. We won the game.
5. She is rather intelligent. She is forgetful at times.
6. He is a good footballer. He is not so good at swimming.
7. She is very rich. She never spends much money on clothes.
8. I don’t like games like golf. I played it with my father at the
weekend.
9. They can cycle very well. They are good at playing hockey.
10. I spent the whole day at home. I didn’t have enough rest.
Task 14. Write an essay about a Sports Personality of the Year. Use
the following plan and the text above as a model.
In the very beginning name the sports personality and say why you
think he (she) deserves this title. Then give some arguments to support
your choice concerning his (her) character, way of doing the sport, etc.
Don’t forget to start each point with the new paragraph. At the end make
a sort of conclusion.
Sports Personality of the Year
 I would like to name… as Sports Personality of the Year. I think he
(she) is ……
 First of all, …
90




Secondly, ….
Thirdly, …
Finally, …
For all these reasons, I think he (she) deserves the title of “Sports
Personality of the Year”.
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APPENDIX 1
Transcript for The Benefits of Sport (Task 15, Module 1)
92
Transcript for “Making snow for the Olympics” (Module 3)
Joe VanderKelen, President of SMI Snowmakers: You know, I‘ve
probably spent two-thirds of my life thinking and working on snow and
snowmaking projects around the world. Machine-made snow is like twoweek-old natural snow, in that natural snow sometimes takes hours or
days to form as it's going through the sky in small particles and it’ll form
those dendritic arms.
There you go.
93
We’re forming that snow crystal in somewhere between 3 and 15
seconds. Our snow is more like a BB or a graupel and it doesn’t have the
dendritic arms, but even natural snow after it’s compacted loses those
arms. I’m a second-generation snowmaking person; my father had been a
skier and started to see a need for snowmaking. People looking to stabilise
their business and for some type of insurance and without snow they don’t
really have a business.
Our company has been involved in the Winter Olympics for a long
time now. We are quite proud of being associated with Sarajevo, Calgary,
Salt Lake, Nagano, with Vancouver and now with Sochi.
This was a bit unusual in that it was a system where there was no
snowmaking – there was really no resort there. We were fortunate to get
access to a couple of helicopters and we found a beautiful, pristine, clear,
cold water source. The higher up the mountain you can find the water, the
less energy it takes to pump and deliver it. Finding this river on a shelf
where we could build a couple of lakes to store the water sort of anchored
the snowmaking system solution.
They have a snowmaking capacity of 12,000 gallons a minute and
they have over 400 of our snowmaking machines and they are all fully
automated. They communicate via fibre optic or via radio modems and
it’s a very big, complicated, high-energy-using system, but very efficient
and very effective for the size of it.
There’s some concern about what’s going to happen with the
weather there. It can be a bit marginal of a climate. Fortunately, the cold
weather has set up across the northern hemisphere and they are off to a
very good snowmaking start. The only thing that really cancels an event
per day might be fog or visibility where the athletes can’t see where they
are going and they’re used to that.
Snowmaking involves a lot of water, compressed air mixing in a
small nozzle with water droplets, creates what we call ‘ice seeds’ and
those ice seeds will then nucleate the bulk water blowing it out and then
the cold environment freezes those small water droplets. Most of the
snowmaking water sources that we use are groundwater from wells or
they’re surface water from rivers or lakes, and they are generally very
clean and very pristine so in general most people can go ahead and eat the
machine-made snow just like they’d eat the natural snow!
© National Geographic
Transcript for Task 5 (Module 4)
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Neil: Hello. This is 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English.
I’m Neil.
Sam: And I’m Sam.
Neil: Sam, would you describe yourself as ‘sporty?
Sam: Well, I do like to go running and I might watch some sport on
TV?
Neil: Would you watch sport like bandy, skeleton or perhaps luge.
Sam: Ah, you’re talking about quite specialised sports, played on ice
or snow, and that’s because it’s almost time for the Winter Olympics.
Neil: Yes, you’re right. The 2022 Winter Olympics starts in Beijing
on the 4th February. This event will mark the return of the Olympics to
Beijing for the first time in 14 years, having previously hosted the 2008
Summer Games.
Sam: That means Beijing will become the first city in the world to
have hosted both the Winter and Summer Games. But these latest Games
are not without controversy – that’s disagreement or argument about
something people have strong feelings about.
Neil: More about that later – but as usual, I have a question or you,
Sam. The Winter Olympics have not been around as long as the Summer
Olympics, so do you know when the first Winter event took place?
Was it in
a) 1904
b) 1924,
or c) 1934
Sam: Well, as they are relatively new, I’ll go for c) 1934.
Neil: OK, Sam, we’ll find out if that’s right later in the programme.
Now, this latest Winter Olympics are scheduled to include a record 109
events over 15 disciplines in seven sports – biathlon, bobsledding, curling,
ice hockey, luge, skating and skiing. A discipline in this context is a
particular way of doing a sport.
Sam: The BBC’s China correspondent, Stephen McDonell, went to
a recent test event for the Olympics and explained what the organisers are
hoping for Stephen McDonell, BBC China correspondent.
In the mountains outside Beijing, the test events are in full swing.
(The) Games organisers will be hoping (that) despite the coronavirus
headaches, despite the alleged human rights abuses, despite the
allegations from a former Chinese Olympian – a tennis star at that –
involving a senior government official – they can still produce a
memorable Winter Olympics.
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Neil: So that was Stephen McDonell at a test event which he
described as being in full swing – so, at its highest level or activity – its
busiest. And he mentioned the controversy surrounding the games.
Sam: Yes, he mentioned the coronavirus headache – not an actual
headache but something that causes a lot of problems. Covid-19 certainly
makes it difficult to plan a huge event like this, particularly managing
people who are travelling from all parts of the world.
Neil: On top of this, China is accused of human rights abuses against
the Uighur Muslims. And there is the controversy around the tennis
player, Peng Shuai.
Sam: But despite the issues facing the game’s organisers, they want
to put on an event that is hard to forget, for good reasons – Stephen used
the word memorable.
Neil: Well, seeing athletes hurtle down an icy track at 130
kilometres an hour on what looks like a tea tray, is certainly unforgettable.
This is what they call ‘the skeleton.
Sam: Let’s hear more about the preparations for the games from the
BBC’s Stephen McDonell Stephen McDonell, BBC China correspondent.
The games will be held in a freezing, mostly dry area – a mountain
of snow making is required, but this can make for quick, dynamic runs.
The athletes we spoke to said these sites will make for high-quality
competition – for everyone here, the clock is now ticking.
Neil: So, despite this being a winter event, held in a cold place,
enormous quantities of artificial snow have to be made. Stephen
McDonell describes this as a mountain of snow – not a real mountain –
but a large amount of it.
Sam: But some athletes say this type of snow is good for speed, and
changing and developing – or dynamic – conditions. They hope it will be
a ‘high-quality’ competition.
Neil: Let’s hope so, and it’s not long until it starts – and for the
athletes the clock is ticking, meaning time is running out to prepare.
Sam: And our time is running out too, so Neil, what’s the answer to
the question you asked me
Neil: Oh yes, I asked you when the first Winter Olympics took
place.Sam: And I said 1934
Neil: Which was… I’m afraid to say, Sam, the wrong answer. The
first Winter Olympic Games took place in 1924 and were held in
Chamonix in the French Alps. The Beijing Winter Olympics is the 24th
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games. And the Paralympic Games will take place a month later in the
city, between 4th and 13th March 2022.
Sam: Looks like I need to brush up on my Winter Olympics
knowledge but not before we recap some of the vocabulary we’ve
mentioned, starting with controversy – disagreement or argument about
something people have strong feelings about.
Neil: We talked about something being in full swing – so, at its
highest level of activity
Sam: And a headache is, metaphorically, something that causes you
a lot of problems
Neil: A mountain is not only a very high hill – used metaphorically
it means a large amount of something
Sam: Something continually changing and developing can be
described as dynamic
Neil: And finally, the clock is ticking, means time is running out to
prepare for or complete something
Sam: Well, the clock is no longer ticking for us because our six
minutes are up
Neil: Goodbye for now
Sam: Bye bye
Transcript for Video UK – Extreme Sports (Task 5, Module 5)
Extreme sports are popular all over the UK. Not just in the
mountains of Snowdonia or Scotland. But what attracts people to these
sports? Is it adventure or danger?
People who enjoy fast and dangerous sports, like white-water
rafting, are called thrill seekers or adrenalin junkies.
I’m at the National Water Sports Centre in Nottingham in the centre
of England and this is the white-water course. Seven hundred metres of
foaming water with drops or rapids. And the skill is to stay afloat in the
rough water.
I’m here to meet Pas Blackwell, a white-water rafting expert, and
to find out why so many people enjoy the thrills and spills of this extreme
sport.
Carmen: Hi, Pas.
Pas: Hi, Carmen.
Carmen: So, this is a specially built course, but you raft on rapids all
around the world. What do you most enjoy about white-water rafting?
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Pas: I really enjoy being outdoors and on the water. I really enjoy
the freedom of just you and nature and I really enjoy the challenge.
Carmen: So why do people like dangerous sports?
Pas: I think people like to push themselves – to see how far they can
go – to really test themselves, against the elements, water and air.
Carmen: So, are you an adrenalin junkie?
Pas: I don’t think of myself as an adrenalin junkie, but I do really
enjoy the rush of trying to get from the top to the bottom and get through
situations that occur out on the river.
..... In the countryside there are lots of wide open spaces and lots of
extreme sports to choose from. But what do adrenalin junkies do in the
city? Well, parkour, sometimes called free running, is becoming popular
in London.
Parkour started in France. And the idea is to get from one place to
the other as fast as possible; jumping and climbing over whatever is in the
way. So I’ve come to a parkour class in West London to find out what it’s
all about. Rebecca Ahmed has been doing parkour for more than a year.
Carmen: So Rebecca, why do you like parkour?
Rebecca: It’s really fun, it’s original and it keeps me fit. That’s why
I come.
Carmen: Do you need any special equipment?
Rebecca: Not really, we just use what’s around us like steps, railings
and trees, but as long as you’ve got a good pair of trainers, you’re fine.
Carmen: Is it difficult?
Rebecca: I wouldn’t say it’s difficult – it’s more about the fear. If
you’re not scared you can do it.
I’m not sure I’ve got the balance for parkour. Extreme sports can be
dangerous, but they’re also lots of fun.
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APPENDIX 2
Additional Reading
Text 1
No sport – but plenty of exercise31
I am not a sporty person. I have never enjoyed playing, watching or
even reading about sports.
At school, physical education was my least favourite subject and I
used to spend all week trying to invent an imaginative but believable
excuse to avoid it that week. If you couldn’t participate in physical
education classes, you had to sit outside the gym hall and copy out sheets
of information on how the muscles in the leg worked. It was incredibly
boring but I always preferred it to heading out into the cold Scottish
winters to chase a ball around a field. When I did go out to play sports, it
was quite obvious that I was not interested in being there. When dribbling
the hockey ball, I used to walk, not run. In squash, there were only three
courts so I used to spend the whole class avoiding playing at all (not a
good idea – I was sent to the head teacher for that one).
After leaving school, I thought that I would finally be able to avoid
sports for the rest of my life. Of course, that was a big fat lie. At university
my best friend loved watching football and would insist that I watch it
with him in the pub. I used to go, but always took a book with me. While
the game was on, he would watch it and I would read. After the game we
would talk but never about the football match. Or my book, for that
matter.
I have more or less successfully avoided sports since leaving
university but, unfortunately, I am sometimes forced to play. Whenever
you live away from home you do need to make friends and sports are a
great way to do that. I have played football or basketball with new friends
(because I was too scared and too lonely to say no) but, apart from that I
have successfully avoided sports.
In spite of my dislike of sports, I am nonetheless aware that exercise
is very important. I have always liked walking, for example, and I will
sometimes go out for a bike ride with friends.
31
British Council https://learnenglishteens.britishcouncil.org/blogs/sport/no-sport-plentyexercise
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After so many years of hating physical education classes and playing
competitive sports, I finally realised that sports weren’t important – what
is important, though, is doing some exercise and keeping fit.
Text 2
An alternative to team sports 32
Team sports are played, televised, and talked about across the world.
However, not much publicity is given to the alternative things that we can
do to improve our fitness. Although I participated in games such as
hockey and netball at school, I often disliked the pressure of competitive
sports. Whilst the social aspect of team games is beneficial, there are
many other activities that we can do in order to maintain good health.
Sports such as netball and football are not ideal for everyone, but
exercising alone is not always the best alternative. If you are anything like
me, you need to exercise with other people in order to maintain
motivation. This is why I, personally, have found the perfect solution in
group exercise classes.
With fitness classes, you get the best of both worlds; you avoid the
pressure of competition, but you never have to exercise alone. Having
recently moved to a foreign country, I have found that partaking in
exercise classes is also a great way of getting to know people who share
your goals and interests. As with team sports, group exercise can be both
a social and sporty activity.
Thanks to the diversity of group exercise classes available, you don’t
have to worry if you’re not particularly gifted in certain aspects of sports.
Whilst I struggle with coordination in classes such as zumba, I have
discovered classes such as Pilates, yoga and spinning which are more
suited to my own skills. Whether you like dancing, cycling, or a more
relaxed form of exercise, there will always be a class that will suit your
own hobbies.
Group exercise is proof of the fact that fitness can be fun. If you are
looking for a new hobby, or simply just a change to your normal routine,
I would recommend group exercise classes as a great way of meeting new
people whilst also staying healthy.
32
British Council https://learnenglishteens.britishcouncil.org/blogs/sport/alternative-team-sports
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Text 3
Is yoga a sport?33
Last summer, I tried to teach my brother yoga. It didn't go well, and
throughout our practice he said, 'This isn't sport – this is just stretching!'
The next morning, however, he felt sore in muscles he never knew he had!
This made me think – yoga doesn't make your heart race like running, it
doesn't make you sweat like a game of football, so is it really sport?
Even people who do yoga disagree about this. Some treat it as a way
to keep fit, others say it's a kind of meditation, and some even call it a
lifestyle. There is no doubt that it keeps your body in shape though.
During yoga, you hold poses or stretches, and move smoothly between
them. This tones and stretches your muscles, because there is lots of
repetition. It's vital, however, that you don't stress your body. Yoga
instructors help new pupils to listen to their bodies, because you are not
meant to feel pain. Moves can be done differently for beginners and
people with more experience, and depending on how far you can stretch.
This makes it very healthy, as you are looking after your bones but
exercising your muscles.
On the other hand, breathing in yoga makes it more like meditation.
Learning how and when to breathe is a difficult part of yoga, but when
you understand it, it changes your mindset. During certain poses or
movements, you must breathe in or out, or stay still for a few deep breaths.
This makes your yoga smoother, because your breathing makes your
movement flow. It's also tricky to know how to breathe correctly and there
are different kinds of breath. This is why I would recommend going to
classes if you want to start yoga, so an instructor can teach you this well.
Concentrating on breathing and moving is a great way to relax your
mind. It forces you to think about your body and feel what is happening,
which makes it easier to forget everything else. You also have a relaxation
period at the end of a yoga practice. Listening to music, hearing your
instructor's soothing voice, or just being silent all help take you away from
everyday things.
In my opinion, yoga is a sport, but it has other things to offer too. It
tones my body and keeps me fit, while taking care of my mind – plus
afterwards, I feel happy, energetic and ready for anything. Namaste!
33
British Council https://learnenglishteens.britishcouncil.org/blogs/sport/yoga-sport
101
Text 4
Challenge yourself!34
This weekend a marathon took place in Salzburg, the city in which
I’m currently living. I was in awe of the participants, who ran a whopping
26.2 miles (42.2 kilometres) if they completed the course. I’ve never run
for more than half an hour so I’m amazed that some people manage to
keep going for over four!
At university I play a Dutch sport called korfball. This is a team
sport with eight people on each team, four boys and four girls. It’s the
only truly mixed sport with both genders on the court at the same time.
The aim is to shoot the ball into the hoop, which is like a netball or
basketball hoop, only higher! All players get a chance to attack and defend
during the game and it’s very fast-paced.
When I started korfball, I wasn’t very good at it. I could throw and
catch but I’m not very fast on my feet. Shooting was also difficult for me
because I’d played netball in school and was used to a shorter post.
Moreover, you often have to shoot on the move in korfball, and I found it
hard to balance and shoot straight while running backwards away from
my defender!
However, I really enjoyed the sport and made friends in the club, so
I attended training twice a week, every week. Two years later I am in the
first team for my university and have played in many matches and
tournaments, even scoring some goals for my team! This just shows that
perseverance pays off – if you train hard, you can succeed. Not to mention
how many friends you make along the way!
Running is difficult because you have to motivate yourself to keep
going – it’s more solitary than a team sport. I used to get really out of
breath while running and it didn’t feel good at all! Now I actually enjoy
going for a jog along the river in Salzburg, feeling my muscles working
and breathing in the fresh air.
Challenging exercise is always rewarding. Hiking is fun because all
the hard work – walking uphill – comes at the beginning of the day. Then
at the top of the mountain you can enjoy the view and some well-earned
chocolate! At the end of the day you feel like you’ve really achieved
something.
34
British Council https://learnenglishteens.britishcouncil.org/blogs/sport/challenge-yourself
102
I will never be a marathon runner, but I would like to try a 10 km
run sometime, or perhaps even a half-marathon. Seeing how emotional
and happy the runners were as they crossed the finishing line made me
want to have that feeling – the months of training paying off as you
achieve your goal.
Text 5
Bandy35
Bandy, also known as banty, originated as a form of field hockey on
ice. The game similar to bandy was mentioned in Russian monastery
records dating back to the 10th – 11th centuries. A game that could be
recognized as modern bandy was played in Russia by the early 1700s. All
the way through modern times, Russia has kept a top position in the Bandy
area, being one of the founding nations of the International Federation, as
well as the most successful team in the World Championships. Russians
see themselves as the creators of the sport, which is reflected by the
unofficial title for bandy, “Russian hockey”.
In the western world, Britain has played an important role in the
development of bandy. A game similar to bandy was known in Wales as
Bando.
Bandy is a team game played on ice, with sticks and a single round
ball. Two teams of eleven players each compete to get the ball into the
other team's goal and score a goal. A game is officiated by a referee, the
authority to enforce the rules, and whose decisions are final. The referee
may be assisted by one or two assistant referees. The rules of the game
have many similarities to those of association football. The rules can be
found on the official website of the Federation of International Bandy.
The size of the bandy field is 90 - 110 m long and 45 – 65 m wide.
Each team consists of a maximum of eleven players, one of whom must
be the goalkeeper. The basic equipment players are required to wear
includes a pair of skates, a helmet, a mouth guard and, in the case of the
goalkeeper, a face guard. The teams must wear uniforms that make it easy
to distinguish the two teams. The skates, sticks and any tape on the stick
must be of another colour than the ball. In addition to the aforementioned
English for Students of Physical Education: учебное пособие / О. Н. Гринвальд, С. В.
Коломиец, Е. В. Медведева; Кемеровский государственный университет. – Кемерово,
2014. – 173 с.
35
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equipment, various protections are used to protect knees, elbows, genitals
and throat and the pants and gloves may contain padding.
The first Bandy World Championship for men was first held in
1957, and then every two years starting in 1961, and every year since
2003. In February 2004, Sweden won the first World Championship for
women hosted in Finland.
Bandy is now played in a few nations, including Argentina,
Australia, Canada, Estonia, Finland, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Kazakhstan,
Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Norway, Poland, Russia, Sweden, Switzerland, the
Ukraine, and the United States.
Bandy is notably a popular winter game in Siberia. Bandy club
“Kuzbass” has existed in Kemerovo since 1948. Today the club is
included into number of the strongest teams of the world and gets prizewinning places in the championships of Russia. Players of the club
regularly play for a national team. The city team on bandy is a three-time
bronze prize-winner of Russia championships.
Text 6
Ice Hockey36
Ice hockey is a game between two teams, each usually having six
players (goaltender, three forwards and two defensemen), who wear
skates and, using long curved sticks, compete on an ice rink. The object
is to propel a vulcanized rubber disk, the puck, past a goal line and into a
net guarded by a goaltender, or goalie. A rough, action-packed game, ice
hockey is considered to be one of the fastest of all sports. With its speed
and its frequent physical contact, ice hockey has become one of the most
popular of international sports. It is played in about 30 countries,
principally in North America, Europe, and the countries of the former
USSR. Ice hockey is especially popular in Canada, where the modern
game developed.
Most historians place the roots of hockey in chilly climes of northern
Europe, specifically Great Britain and France, where field hockey was
popular summer sport more than 500 years ago. When the ponds and
lakes froze in winter, it was not unusual for the athletes who fancied that
English for Students of Physical Education: учебное пособие / О. Н. Гринвальд, С. В.
Коломиец, Е. В. Медведева; Кемеровский государственный университет. – Кемерово,
2014. – 173 с.
36
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sport to play a version of it on ice. An ice game known as kolven was
popular in Holland in the 17th century.
A game called bandy was so popular in England in the 1820s, and
the players used to scramble around the town`s frozen meadowlands,
swatting a wooden ball with wooden sticks. Articles in London
newspapers around that time mention increasing interest in the sport,
which many observers believe got its name from the Old French word
“hoquet” (shepherd`s crook).
Not surprisingly, the earliest North American ice hockey games
were played in Canada. British soldiers stationed in Halifax, Nova Scotia,
were reported to have organized contests on frozen ponds in and around
that city in the 1870s, and about that same time in Montreal students from
McGill University began facing off against each other in a downtown ice
rink. Hockey became so popular that games were soon being played on a
regular basis between clubs from Toronto, Ottawa, and Montreal. The
English Governor General of Canada, Lord Stanley of Preston, was so
impressed that in 1892 he bought a silver bowl with an interior gold finish
and decreed that it be given each year to the best amateur team in Canada.
That trophy, of course, has come to be known as the Stanley Cup and is
awarded today to the team that wins the National Hockey League
playoffs.
The beginning of the 20th Century brought a new dimension to ice
hockey – the professional player. The first professional league formed in
1904 in the United States in Michigan. In 1909, the National Hockey
Association was founded in Montreal. Beginning in 1912, professional
teams were allowed to compete for the Stanley Cup.
Other pro leagues were set up in the years prior to World War I. The
war disrupted hockey organizations and in 1917, a new professional
league was formed with five Canadian teams: the Montreal Wanderers,
the Montreal Canadians, the Ottawa Senators, the Quebec Bulldogs, and
the Toronto Arenas. The new league was christened the National Hockey
League (NHL). The first US team to become part of the league was the
Boston Bruins who joined in 1924. Today, the NHL has 30 teams from
Canada and the United States.
In the summer of 1972the sport`s popularity received another boost
with a fight-game competition between Canada`s best professionals and
the top players from the USSR`s Central Red Army team. The series came
down to the last game, which the Canadians won on a firs minute goal
scored by Paul Henderson, who remains a national hero. A fierce rivalry
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was born, and a subsequent series took place in 1974. Other games
between Soviet teams and NHL clubs later in the decade gave more
attention to international ice hockey. At the same time, the NHL continued
to thrive. Notable standouts of the period included forward Bobby Hull,
who scored 610 NHL goals, Bobby Orr, an innovative defensemen who
played chiefly with the Boston Bruins; and Vladislav Tretiak, a Russian
goaltender who in 1989 became the first non-North American to be
inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame.
In 1979, the entry of the 18-year-old center Wayne Gretzky into
professional play marked the beginning of unprecedented popularity for
ice-hockey. Gretzky, who came to be called 'The Great One”, dominated
the league over the next 15 years with a streak of unprecedented scoring
accomplishments.
The break-ups of communist nations such as Czechoslovakia and
the USSR in the early 1990s enabled more European players (such as
Pavel Bure of Russia and Dominik Hasek of the Czech Republic) to enter
in the NHL, because the democratic governments in the newly formed
nations did not restrict the movements of players. Ice hockey is not just a
North American Sport. In the early 1900s, leagues were playing hockey
in Britain and parts of Europe. In 1910, Britain won the first European Ice
Hockey Championships.
The 1920 Olympics in Antwerp Belgium became the first to include
an ice hockey competition. Canada won the first four Olympic gold
medals in the sport. In 1930, the first ice hockey world championships
were played. The championships are now played every year except when
the Olympics are held.
After World War II the Soviet Union became a force to reckon with
on the ice. The Soviets won Olympic ice hockey gold in 1956, just a
decade the game after the game became an organized sport in their
country. After that the Russians won the gold Olympic medals in 1964,
1968, 1972, 1976, 1988 and 1992.
The first recorded women`s hockey game was played in 1889 in
Ottawa. Women`s hockey leagues thrived in Canada through the 1930s.
After World War II, interest in the women`s game declined until the
1960s. In the 1980s, women`s hockey experienced a growth spurt.
The first women`s world championships were played in 1990. The
National Collegiate Athletic Association added women`s hockey as a
sanctioned sport in 1993 and women`s ice hockey made its Olympic debut
in 1998. The US team won the first gold medal.
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Notes:
 to scramble - продираться
 meadowland — луговое угодье
 to swat – бить
 pro – сокр. от professional
 finish - отделка
 streak — (зд.) ряд
 break-up - распад
 spurt – рывок
Text 7
Mountain Men37
The clay fighting ring is itself a sacred shrine. On entering it, the
enormous wrestler first claps, to attract the god`s attention and indicate
his own purity of heart. Having done that, he shakes his apron to drive
away evil spirits, and raises his arms to show he carries no weapons.
The fight itself is brief and brutal and consists of a thunderous
collision that rarely lasts more than ten seconds, which ends when one
giant is pushed to the ground or outside the circle.
The history of Sumo wrestling goes back over 2000 years. Its origins
are connected to the Japanese belief in Shinto, the “way of the gods”,
where winning gains favour with the gods. This is why the ritual of a sumo
match is taken so seriously.
Next comes his most dramatic gesture. With his left hand on his
heart and his right arm extended to the east, the huge fighter raises his
right leg as high as possible – to send it crashing down with all his force.
Then he performs the same earth-shaking stamp with the other leg. After
that, he purifies himself and the ring by throwing salt, wiping himself, and
rinsing his mouth with water. Finally, the opponents spend three or four
minutes trying to intimidate each other with grimaces and threatening
postures.
Notes:
 shrine – место поклонения, святыня
 stamp – топанье, топот
English for Students of Physical Education: учебное пособие / О. Н. Гринвальд, С. В.
Коломиец, Е. В. Медведева; Кемеровский государственный университет. – Кемерово, 2014.
– 173 с
37
107
 intimidate – пугать, устрашать
 collision - столкновение
Text 8
A sporting disaster38
I never really enjoyed sports at school. I remember when I played
football I was always put in goal, but I used to get bored and read a book.
Then when the other side scored the rest of my team would shout at me.
Later on I tried tennis, which wasn`t much better. I used to have this habit
of dropping the racket each time I went to hit the ball. The worst thing
was when I actually won a game – I was so pleased that I ran and tried to
jump over the net but caught my foot on it, fell and broke my arm.
My latest attempt to get fit was when I tried boxing at a local gym.
I`ll never forget my first fight. I climbed into the ring and the bell went
for the start of the first round. I just shut my eyes and swung my fist.
Unfortunately, I hit the referee and not my opponent. Needless to say that
was the end of my boxing career. Next I decided to take up
mountaineering. I booked a holiday in the Himalayas with two old school
friends. On our first climb I managed to slip and found myself hanging on
the end of a rope half way up a mountain. All my friends could do was to
call out to me to hold on until the rescue party arrived. I guess I`ll never
learn.
I keep on wanting to try out other sports even though I know I`ll
never be a champion.
Text 9
Talented Mr. Ma39
A company in Japan is selling a new drink. Their new drink is a
powerful mixture of powered ginseng root, a fungus from the skin of
caterpillars and reptile`s blood. This strange drink, people say, is helping
Chinese women athletes to win gold medals at international athletics
English for Students of Physical Education: учебное пособие / О. Н. Гринвальд, С. В.
Коломиец, Е. В. Медведева; Кемеровский государственный университет. – Кемерово,
2014. – 173 с
38
English for Students of Physical Education: учебное пособие / О. Н. Гринвальд, С. В.
Коломиец, Е. В. Медведева; Кемеровский государственный университет. – Кемерово, 2014.
– 173 с.
39
108
meetings. The Japanese firm says that this mixture can do wonderful
things for ordinary people too.
Mr Ma Junwen is the trainer of the Chinese women`s athletics team.
He created the recipe for this peculiar cocktail of roots and fungus and
blood especially for the team. His runners train in the mountains of central
China. They run 30 or 40 kilometers every day, so they are all very strong
runners. But they all drink Ma`s cocktail every day too and they are
winning more medals nowadays than they did before. And Mr. Ma is
trying to market his odd mixture through the company in Japan. People in
Japan know about Ma`s runners and they are rushing to buy a bottle of his
amazing drink.
So Mr. Ma is winning, too, not only runners. Before he invented his
drink, he was not a rich man, but now he is making a lot of money from
the drink, and people in Japan love it!
Notes:
 ginseng - женьшень
 caterpillar - гусеница
109
APPENDIX 3
Check Your Knowledge
Knowledge Quiz
1. Boxing matches are held in a boxing
square
ring
court
2. The multiple Olympic-medal winning runner Usain Bolt was born in
England
Jamaica
the USA
3. Which sport did Australia’s Sir Donald Bradman play?
cricket
golf
tennis
4. In which sport can you get a birdie, a bogey or a hole-in-one?
hockey
golf
basketball
5. In baseball, a batter is out if the umpire calls
one strike
two strikes
three strikes
6. Michael Jordan spent most of his career playing for the
Chicago Bulls
San Antonio Spurs
LA Lakers
7. The main official in a game of Association football or soccer is called
the
referee
umpire
judge
110
8. During a game of field hockey, each team can field
nine players
ten players
eleven players
9. In tennis, a serve that goes out or doesn't get over the net is called
a fault
a let
an ace
10. The game of rugby was named after Rugby School in
England
Ireland
Scotland
111
Photos and Pictures
Module 1
Life in Motion
http://www.lifeinmotion-charity.org
Snickers
https://learnenglishteens.britishcouncil.org/blogs/sport/five-reasonswork-out
Winners Focus on Winning
https://rubyqoute.blogspot.com/2021/03/29-inspirational-quotes-aboutwinning.html
Module 2
Summer Sports
https://spilgames.com/time-get-mobile-spirit-8-summer-sports-games/
10 Things to Do in a Park This Summer
https://www.bhf.org.uk/informationsupport/heart-mattersmagazine/activity/park-activities
Outdoor Fun With Kids
https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbes-personal-shopper/2022/07/01/bestoutdoor-toys/?sh=29d017606bbe
Module 3
Winter Sports
https://www.vectorstock.com/royalty-free-vector/winter-sports-cardsvector-19092493
Winter Sports
https://www.nhl.com/kraken/news/hockey-positions-explained/c323011708;
https://www.cosmopolitan.com/entertainment/celebs/a38942735/whatis-rhythm-dance-figure-skating/
Sports equipment
https://www.istockphoto.com/ru
Crossword
https://www.istockphoto.com/ru
New Winter Sports
http://joyreactor.com/post/1827492
Module 4
The Olympic Games
https://c.tribune.com.pk/2014/05/708316-SochiGames-1400067871719-640x480.jpg
https://blog.esportudo.com/topic/paraolímpiada
112
https://www.alamy.com/file-a-man-carries-the-american-flag-as-theunited-states-is-represented-during-opening-ceremonies-for-the-iwinter-olympics-in-chamonix-france-on-jan-25-1924-the-first-so-calledmodern-olympics-were-held-in-1896-in-athens-the-winter-olympicswere-not-organized-until-28-years-later-with-the-first-taking-place-in1924-in-chamonix-ap-photo-fileimage506719300.html?irclickid=0cUWKAQWSxyNWEARd41LUV%3
AJUkARPb2AVTB2w0&utm_source=77643&utm_campaign=Shop%20Royalty%20F
ree%20at%20Alamy&utm_medium=impact&irgwc=1
https://www.alamy.com/vintage-travel-poster-winter-sport-olympicwinter-games-lake-placid-usa-february-1932image451209942.html?irclickid=0cUWKAQWSxyNWEARd41LUV%3
AJUkARPbTkVTB2w0&utm_source=77643&utm_campaign=Shop%20Royalty%20F
ree%20at%20Alamy&utm_medium=impact&irgwc=1
https://www.zimbio.com/photos/Dominik+Landertinger/8Yj9r3gD4yn/B
iathlon+Winter+Olympics+Day+1
https://www.zimbio.com/photos/Ryan+Fry/k6SGkHuWwQT/Winter+Ol
ympics+Day+3
Module 5
Extreme sports
https://www.xtremespots.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/deadlyweekend-in-the-french-alps-4.jpg
http://www.pondly.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/ShockBlastVitaly-Raskalov-12-150x150.jpg
https://pl.depositphotos.com/stock-photos/podstawy.html
https://maragni.com.br/action-photography/
Module 6
Careers in Sport
https://www.istockphoto.com/ru
Careers in Sport
https://www.nhl.com/news/kevin-pollock-to-referee-1500th-nhl-game/c337483692
https://www.keilorroadphysio.com.au/conditions/knee-pain-physio
https://www.stuff.co.nz/sport/rugby/104645914/women-sportscommentators-on-the-rise
Whistle while you work
https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo/collina-pierluigi.html
113
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116
Учебное издание
Башкатова Юлия Алексеевна,
Коломиец Светлана Вячеславовна,
Потапова Наталья Вадимовна
Основной иностранный язык: Спорт
Практикум
16+
Технический редактор В. П. Манаенко
Подписано к использованию
Заказ № … . Объем 4,9 Мб.
Кемеровский государственный университет,
650000, г. Кемерово, ул. Красная, 6.
117