BOSH REVIEWER NOTES:
➢ Occupational Safety and Health
Standards
-was formulated in 1978 in
compliance with the constitutional
mandate to safeguard the worker’s
social and economic well-being as
well as his physical safety and health.
-Adopted
through
the
tested
democratic machinery of tripartism,
- the 1978 Standards is considered as
a landmark in Philippine labor and
social legislation.
➢ PPE – Personal Protective
Gear
➢ ISLE -Integrated Survey on
Labor and Employment
➢ OID – Occupational Injuries
and Diseases
➢ TYPE OF INJURY
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•
➢ International Labor Organization
(ILO) – bore fruit in August 1989
•
•
➢ Article 162 of the Labor Code of the
Philippines
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•
•
➢ Occupational Safety and Health
(OSH) focuses primarily on protecting
employees in the workplace from
accidents, injuries, and exposure to
harmful substances.
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•
➢ Several Key Benefits
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•
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Reduced risk or accidents or injuries
by identifying and mitigating hazards
Improved efficiency and productivity
due to fewer employees missing work
from illness or injury
Improved employee relations and
morale (a safer work environment is a
less stressful work environment)
Reduced costs associated with
accidents or injuries (healthcare and
rehabilitative
costs,
losses
in
productivity, impact on employees’
well-being)
Lower insurance premiums resulting
from fewer workplace incidents and
workers’ compensation claims
Open wound – 40.5% cases
Superficial injuries -22.4%
cases
Burns and corrosion -7.6%
Dislocations, Sprains, and
strains
Fractures
Injury of muscles and Tendons
Foreign body entering through
natural opening (eyes, ears
Injury of Nerve/s of part of
body injured
Crushing Injury
Injury of blood vessels
Traumatic amputations
Toxic effect of substances
➢ Top cases of occupational
injuries 2019
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Type of injury: open wounds (40.5%)
Part of body injured: wrist and hand
(39.8%)
Cause of injury; caught by or in
between objects (28.5%)
Agent of injury; Machines and
equipment (29.5%)
Occupation: Plant and machine
operators and Assemblers (33.7%)
➢ Occupational Diseases 2017 &
2019
2017 – 101,851
2019 – 54, 551
➢ “Approved” - shall mean acceptable to
the Bureau after test and examination
show compliance with standards.
➢ Top 3 occupational diseases
2019
1. Back pain -39.0%
2. Neck-shoulder pain – 12.1%
3. Occupational
dermatitis9.4%
➢ Top
3
Industries
Occupational diseases
➢ PRESIDENTIAL DECREE No. 626
FURTHER
AMENDING
CERTAIN
ARTICLES
OF
PRESIDENTIAL
DECREE NO. 442 ENTITLED "LABOR
CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES" EMPLOYEES' COMPENSATION AND
STATE INSURANCE FUND
with
1. Manufacturing – 31.8%
2. Administrative and support service
activities – 24.3%
3. Human Health and social work
activities except health activities –
9.8%
➢
DOLE
– Department of Labor and
Employment
➢ Presidential Decree No. 442 known
as the LABOR
PHILIPPINES.
CODE
OF
THE
➢ Republic Act 11058: An act
strengthening
compliance
with
Occupational Safety and Health
Standards and Providing Penalties for
Violations thereof (OSH LAW)
➢ PEZA- Philippine Economic Zone
Authority
➢ biologic agents - such as bacteria,
fungi, viruses, protozoas, nematodes,
and other parasites.
➢ 1211- Philippine Electrical Code
is hereby adopted and the standards
contained therein shall be considered
safety standards to the extent that they
safeguard any person employed in any
workplace and control the practice of
electrical engineering.
➢ “Installation” - as used in this Rule
shall mean assemblage of electrical
equipment in a given location,
designed for coordinated operation,
properly erected and wired.
➢ ECC – Employee
Commission
Compensation
Art. 193. Permanent partial disability.
The benefit shall be paid for not more than the
period designated in the following schedules:
Complete and permanent
.
loss of the use of
One thumb –
One index finger –
One middle finger –
One ring finger –
One little finger –
One big toe –
One toe –
One arm –
One hand –
One foot –
One leg –
One ear –
Both ears –
Hearing of one ear –
Hearing of both ears –
Sight of one eye –
No. of
Months
10
8
6
5
3
6
3
50
39
31
46
10
20
10
50
25
Government
Fund
•
State
SSS
-means the Social Security System
-created under Republic Act 1161 or
the Social Security Act of 1954, as
amended. (June 18, 1954)
-AN ACT TO CREATE A SOCIAL
SECURITY
SYSTEM
PROVIDING
SICKNESS,
UNEMPLOYMENT
RETIREMENT,
DISABILITY
AND
DEATH BENEFITS FOR EMPLOYEES
•
Types of hazards
•
Physical hazards
-are environmental factors that can
lead to injuries.
-These include exposed electrical
wiring, falling objects, wet floors, and
other conditions that can cause slips,
falls, cuts, or other injuries.
- Some physical hazards don’t
necessarily need to make physical
contact to cause harm, such as
excessive noise levels, heat, and
pressure.
•
Biological hazards
-can lead to diseases, infections, and
other serious health conditions.
-Mold and fungi, blood and other
bodily fluids, bacteria, viruses, sewage,
and vermin are all examples of
biological hazards.
-Using Personal Protective Equipment
(PPE) is vital to preventing exposure
to biological hazards and protecting
your health.
•
Chemical hazards
- can be inhaled as gases or vapours, or
come in contact with skin as a liquid or
solid.
-They can cause skin irritation, burns,
respiratory problems, blindness, or
other serious health complications.
-Chemicals such as cleaning products,
acids, pesticides, and petroleum
products need to be handled
responsibly with proper PPE to
prevent exposure.
•
Ergonomic hazards
- put strain on muscles, tendons, and
other connective tissues of the body.
-They can result from bad posture, not
using dollies other mechanical
GSIS
-means the Government Service
Insurance System
-created under Commonwealth Act
186 or the Government Service
Insurance Act, as amended. (Nov. 14,
1936)
-AN ACT TO CREATE AND ESTABLISH
A
“GOVERNMENT
SERVICE
INSURANCE SYSTEM,” TO PROVIDE
FOR ITS ADMINISTRATION, AND TO
APPROPRIATE THE NECESSARY
FUNDS
THEREFOR
•
pensioner. (As amended by Section 3,
Executive Order No. 179)
Insurance
HDMF
-means Home Development Mutual
Fund
-was created through Republic Act
9679 (otherwise known as Home
Development Mutual Fund Law of
2009, July 21, 2009) to further
strengthen the then known as the PagIBIG fund which was created by virtue
of Presidential Decree 1530
-(INSTITUTING A SYSTEM OF
VOLUNTARY CONTRIBUTIONS FOR
HOUSING PURPOSE, June 11, 1978)
➢ Funeral benefit. – A funeral
benefit of Three thousand pesos
(P3,000.00) shall be paid upon the
death of a covered employee or
permanently
totally
disabled
assistance, and repetitive or awkward
lifting/movement.
-They can lead to musculoskeletal
injuries such as muscle sprains,
ruptured or herniated discs, and
carpal tunnel.
•
Psychological hazards
-can lead to depression, concentration
problems, inattention, or negligence.
-This type of hazard includes workrelated stress, fatigue, harassment,
and violence.
-These conditions can, in turn, lead to
morale issues, reduced productivity
and quality of work, and increased risk
of injury.
Promoting Occupational Safety and
Health in Your Workplace
a. Make sure that your OSH policies
comply with all federal and/or state
laws and regulations
b. Ensure that your staff is properly
trained on all machinery and
equipment they may use in the
workplace and are certified to operate
them if required
c. Keep Safety Data Sheets for all
chemical products in use at your
workplace, and make sure that they
are easily accessible by your
employees
d. Have all necessary Personal Protective
Equipment (PPE) such as hard hats,
eye protection, and respirators readily
available to all employees
e. Use tools and other equipment
correctly and only for their intended
purpose
f. Use mechanical assistance such as
carts, dollies, or pallet jacks when
lifting or moving heavy objects.
g. Maintain good posture when sitting,
standing, or lifting, especially when
doing so for extended periods of time
DEFINITION OF TERMS:
Occupational accident
-is an unexpected and unplanned occurrence,
including acts of violence arising out of or in
connection with work which results in one or
more workers incurring a personal injury,
disease or death.
Occupational injury
-is an injury which results from a work-related
event or a single instantaneous exposure in
the
work
environment
(occupational
accident).
Case of occupational injury
-refers to case of one worker incurring an
occupational injury as a result of one
occupational accident;
-also refers to a person injured (or persons
injured) brought by an accident related to
work.
Fatal cases
-are defined as cases where a person is fatally
injured as a result of occupational accident
Non-fatal cases with workdays lost
-refers to cases of either permanent incapacity
cases or temporary incapacity cases
Permanent incapacity case
-is where an injured person was absent from
work for at least one day, excluding the day of
the accident,
Temporary incapacity case
-is where an injured person was absent from
work for at least one day, excluding the day of
the accident,
Non-fatal cases without workdays lost
-is where the injured person required only
first aid or medical treatment on the day of the
accident and was able to perform again, on the
day after the accident
Occupational disease
-is defined as an abnormal condition or
disorder aside from one resulting from an
occupational injury caused by exposure over a
period of time
Hours actually worked
-includes
(a) normal or regular hours of work;
(b) overtime;
(c) time spent at the place of work such as the
preparation
of
workplace,
repairs,
maintenance, preparation and cleaning of
tools and preparation of receipts, time sheets
and reports;
Commuting accidents
-is an accident which results to death or
personal injury occurring on the habitual
route of a worker, in either direction,
Definition of terms.
1. “Code” - means the Labor Code of the
Philippines
instituted
under
Presidential Decree Numbered four
hundred forty-two, as amended.
2. “Commission”
means
the
Employees’
Compensation
Commission created under this Title.
3. “SSS” means the Social Security
System created under Republic Act
Numbered Eleven hundred sixty-one,
as amended.
4. “GSIS” - means the Government
Service Insurance System created
under Commonwealth Act Numbered
One hundred eighty-six, as amended.
5. “System” - means the SSS or GSIS, as
the case may be.
6. “Employer” - means any person,
natural or juridical, employing the
services of the employee.
7. “Employee” - means any person
compulsorily covered by the GSIS
under Commonwealth Act Numbered
8. “Person” - means any individual,
partnership, firm, association, trust,
corporation or legal representative
thereof.
9. “Dependent” - means the legitimate,
legitimated or legally adopted or
acknowledged natural child who is
unmarried, not gainfully employed,
and not over twenty-one (21) years of
age or over twenty-one (21) years of
age
10. “Beneficiaries”
means
the
dependent spouse until he/she
remarries and dependent children,
who are the primary beneficiaries.
11. “Injury” - means any harmful change
in the human organism from any
accident arising out of and in the
course of the employment.
12. “Sickness” - means any illness
definitely accepted as an occupational
disease listed by the Commission, or
any illness caused by employment
13. “Death” - means loss of life resulting
from injury or sickness.
14. “Disability” - means loss or
impairment of a physical or mental
function resulting from injury or
sickness.
15. “Compensation”
means
all
payments made under this Title for
income benefits and medical or related
benefits.
16. “Income benefit” - means all
payments made under this Title to the
providers
of
medical
care,
rehabilitation services and hospital
care.
17. “Medical benefit” - means all
payments made under this Title to the
providers
of
medical
care,
rehabilitation services and hospital
care.
18. “Related benefit” - means all
payments made under this Title for
appliances and supplies.
19. “Appliances” - means crutches,
artificial aids and other similar
devices.
20. “Supplies” - means medicine and
other medical, dental or surgical items.
21. “Hospital” - means any medical
facility, government or private,
authorized by law,
22. “Physician” -means any doctor of
medicine duly licensed to practice in
the Philippines, an active member in
good standing of the Philippine
Medical Association and accredited by
the Commission.
23. “Wages” or “Salary”, - insofar as they
refer to the computation of benefits
defined in Republic Act No. 1161, as
amended, for SSS and Presidential
Decree No. 1146, as amended, for GSIS,
respectively, except that part in excess
of Three Thousand Pesos.
24. “Monthly salary credit” - means the
wage or salary base for contributions
as provided in Republic Act Numbered
Eleven
hundred
sixty-one,
as
amended, or the wages or salary.
25. “Average monthly salary credit” - in
the case of the SSS means the result
obtained by dividing the sum of the
monthly salary credits in the sixtymonth period immediately following
the semester of death or permanent
disability by sixty (60), except where
the month of death or permanent
disability falls within eighteen (18)
calendar months from the month of
coverage, in which case, it is the result
obtained by dividing the sum of all
monthly salary credits paid prior to
the month of contingency by the total
number of calendar months of
coverage in the same period.
26. “Average daily salary credit” - in the
case of the SSS means the result
obtained by dividing the sum of the six
(6) highest monthly salary credits in
the twelve-month period immediately
preceding the semester of sickness or
injury by one hundred eighty (180),
except where the month of injury falls
within twelve (12) calendar months
from the first month of coverage, in
which case it is the result obtained by
dividing the sum of all monthly salary
credits by thirty (30) times the
number of calendar months of
coverage in the period.
27. In the case of the GSIS, the average
daily salary credit - shall be the actual
daily salary or wage, or the monthly
salary or wage divided by the actual
number of working days of the month
of contingency.
28. “Quarter” - means a period of three
(3) consecutive months ending on the
last days of March, June, September
and December.
29. “Semester” - means a period of two
consecutive quarters ending in the
quarter of death, permanent disability,
injury or sickness.
30. “Replacement ratio” – The sum of
twenty percent and the quotient
obtained by dividing three hundred by
the sum of three hundred forty and the
average monthly salary credit.
3. Training
31. “Credited years of service” – For a
member covered prior to January,
1975, nineteen hundred seventy-five
minus the calendar year of coverage,
plus the number of calendar years in
which six or more contributions have
been paid from January, 1975 up to the
calendar year containing the semester
prior to the contingency.
4. Risk Assessments
32. “Monthly income benefit” - means
the amount equivalent to one hundred
fifteen percent of the sum of the
average monthly salary credit
multiplied by the replacement ratio,
and one and a half percent of the
average monthly salary credit for each
credited year of service in excess of ten
years: Provided, That the monthly
income benefit shall in no case be less
than two hundred fifty pesos.
Some
key
components
of
occupational safety and health
management system
1. Planning
-Whether you use a paper-based
‘Safety Statement’ or dedicated OSH
management
software,
planning
should be front and center of
everything you do.
2. Incident reporting
-An OSH system should be accessible
to all members of an organization,
from senior management down to
junior employees, so that they can
report incidents in a timely manner.
- Without training, organization’s OSH
system won’t run smoothly, no matter
how much investment in OSH training
and computer software training.
-This means that the system should
help the organization’s senior
management
conduct
risk
assessments and decide on an
appropriate course of action.
5. Certification
- The OSH system should be certified
by a trusted third party to ensure that
it is fit for purpose.
6. Communication
- The OSH system must help personnel
to communicate with each other and
help
the
organization
foster
communication.
7. Data Accessibility
-Every OSH system generates
significant amounts of data and the
goal of the management system should
be to share and make use of that.
List of Occupational Diseases
(under PD 626)
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Papilloma of the bladder
Cancer
Cataract
Deafness
Decompression sickness
Caisson disease
Aeroembolism
Dermatitis due to irritants and sensitizers
poisoning
Pneumoconiosis
Diseases caused by abnormalities in
temperature and humidity
Viral hepatitis
Poisoning by cadmium
Leukemia and lymphoma
Infections:
Anthrax,
Brucellosis,
Glanders,
Rabies,
Tuberculosis,
Tularemia, Weill’s disease, Q Fever or
equine
encephalomyelitis,
Mite
dermatitis
Vascular disturbance in the upper
extremities due to continuous
vibration from pneumatic tools or
power drills, riveting machines or
hammers
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Cardio-vascular diseases
Cerebro-vascular accidents
Malaria and schistosomiasis
Pneumonia
Hernia
Bronchial asthma
Osteoarthritis
Viral encephalitis
Peptic ulcer
Pulmonary tuberculosis
Viral hepatitis
Essential hypertension
Asbestosis
Ionizing
radiation
disease,
inflammation,
ulceration
or
malignant disease of the skin or
subcutaneous tissues of the bones or
leukaemia or anemia of the aplastic
type due to X-rays, ionizing particles,
radium
or
other
radioactive
substances
Acute
radiation
syndrome:
Chronic
radiation
syndrome and Glass blower’s
cataract.