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Geography Class XI & XII Syllabus 2023-24
Table of Contents
S. No.
Content
Page No.
1
Rationale
3
2
Objectives
4
Class XI
3
Course Structure
6
4
Course Content
10
5
Guidelines for Internal Assessment/ Geography Practical
25
Class XII
6
Course Structure
27
7
Course Content
30
8
Guidelines for Internal Assessment/ Geography Practical
53
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Geography Class XI & XII Syllabus 2023-24
BACKGROUND/ RATIONALE
Geography is introduced as an elective subject at the senior secondary stage. After ten years of general education, students branch out
at the beginning of this stage and are exposed to the rigors of the discipline for the first time. Being an entry point for the higher education,
students choose Geography for pursuing their academic interest and, therefore, need a broader and deeper understanding of the subject.
For others, geographical knowledge is useful in daily lives because it is a valuable medium for the education of young people. Its
contribution lies in the content, cognitive processes, skills and values that Geography promotes and thus helps the students explore,
understand and evaluate the environmental and social dimensions of the world in a better manner.
Since Geography explores the relationship between people and their environment, it includes studies of physical and human
environments and their interactions at different scales-local, state/region, nation and the world. The fundamental principles responsible
for the varieties in the distributional pattern of physical and human features and phenomena over the earth's surface need to be
understood properly. Application of these principles would be taken up through selected case studies from the world and India. Thus,
the physical and human environment of India and study of some issues from a geographical point of view will be covered in greater
detail. Students will be exposed to different methods used in geographical investigations.
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Geography Class XI & XII Syllabus 2023-24
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
The course in Geography will help learners to:
 Familiarize with key concepts, terminology and core principles of Geography.
 Describe locations and correlate with Geographical Perspectives.
 List/describe what students might see, hear, and smell at a place.
 List/describe ways a place is linked with other places.
 Compare conditions and connections in one place to another.
 Analyse/ describe how conditions in one place can affect nearby places.
 Identify regions as places that are similar or connected.
 Describe and interpret the spatial pattern features on a thematic map.
 Search for, recognize and understand the processes and patterns of the spatial arrangement of the natural features as well as human
aspects and phenomena on the earth's surface.
 Understand and analyse the inter-relationship between physical and human environments and utilize such knowledge in reflecting on
issues related to community.
 Apply geographical knowledge and methods of inquiry to emerging situations or problems at different levels-local, regional, national
and global.
 Develop geographical skills, relating to collection, processing and analysis of spatial data/ information and preparation of report
including maps and graphs and use of computers where ever possible; and to be sensitive to issues.
 The child will develop the competency to analyse, evaluate, interpret and apply the acquired knowledge to determine the
environmental issues effectively.
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Geography Class XI & XII Syllabus 2023-24
CLASS XI
Prescribed Books:
1. Fundamentals of Physical Geography, Class XI, Published by NCERT
2. India, Physical Environment, Class XI, Published by NCERT
3. Practical Work in Geography Part I, Class XI, Published by NCERT
Links for Rationalised 2023-24 NCERT Social Science textbooks:
1. https://ncert.nic.in/textbook.php?kegy2=0-14
2. https://ncert.nic.in/textbook.php?kegy1=0-6
3. https://ncert.nic.in/textbook.php?kegy3=0-6
Note:
1. The above textbooks are also available in Hindi medium.
2. Kindly refer to the latest editions of all NCERT Textbooks.
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Geography Class XI & XII Syllabus 2023-24
CLASS XI
COURSE STRUCTURE
Book- Fundamentals of Physical Geography
Chapter No.
Chapter name
Periods
Weightage
5
3
Unit- I Geography as a Discipline
1
Geography As a Discipline
Unit II The Earth
2
The Origin and Evolution of the Earth
6
3
Interior of the Earth
6
4
Distribution of oceans and continents
5
9
Unit- III Landforms
5
Geomorphic Processes
9
6
Landform and their Evolution
9
6
Unit-IV Climate
7
Composition and Structure of Atmosphere
3
8
Solar Radiation, Heat balance and Temperature
7
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Geography Class XI & XII Syllabus 2023-24
9
Atmospheric Circulations and Weather Systems
7
10
Water in the Atmosphere
4
11
World Climate and Climate Change (To be tested through internal assessments
in the form of project and presentation)
5
8
Unit-V Water (Oceans)
12
13
Water (Oceans)
6
4
Movements of Ocean Water
8
Unit VI Life on the Earth
14
Biodiversity and Conservation (To be tested through internal assessments in the
form of project and presentation)
4
_
Map Work
5
5
89
35
Periods
Weightage
5
5
Total
Book – India- Physical Environment
Chapter No.
Chapter Name
Unit-I Introduction
1
India- Location
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Geography Class XI & XII Syllabus 2023-24
Unit II Physiography
2
Structure and Physiography
18
3
Drainage System
14
13
Unit III Climate Vegetation and Soil
4
Climate
16
5
Natural Vegetation
14
12
Unit-IV Natural Hazards and Disasters: Causes Consequences and Management
6
Natural Hazards and Disasters (To be tested through internal assessment in the
form of Projects and presentation)
6
_
Map
5
5
78
35
Total
Geography Practical Part I
Chapter No.
Chapter Name
Periods
Weightage
1
Introduction to Maps
6
3
2
Map Scale
6
4
3
Latitude Longitude and Time
8
4
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Geography Class XI & XII Syllabus 2023-24
4
Map Projections
10
4
5
Topographical Maps
10
4
6
Introduction to Remote Sensing
10
6
Practical file and Viva
5
Total
50
30
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Geography Class XI & XII Syllabus 2023-24
CLASS XI
COURSE CONTENT
Fundamentals of Physical Geography
Chapter No. and
Name
1
Geography as a
Discipline
Suggested Teaching Learning
Process
Specific Learning Objectives

To define and understand the
scope and nature of Geography
as a discipline.
Observe your surroundings and
note down the variation in natural
as well as cultural phenomena.
Discuss with your partner:
Geography is the study of “areal
differentiation”
Project Work
Topic: - Forest - as a natural
resource.

Prepare a map of India showing
the distribution of different types
of forests.

Write about the economic
importance of forests for the
country.

Prepare a historical account of
conservation of forests in India
with focus on Chipko
movements in Rajasthan and
Uttaranchal.
Learning Outcomes
At the completion of this unit
students will be able to:

Explain the meaning geography
as an integrating discipline.

State the fields of geography and
its relation with other disciplines.

Explain the approaches to study
geography
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Geography Class XI & XII Syllabus 2023-24
2
The Origin and
Evolution of the
Earth


3

Interior of the Earth
To acquire knowledge about
earth’s origin through various
theories.

To understand stages in the
evolution of the earth.

Presentation and interaction
about the origin of the earth by
students.

Students to explore more
information related to the topic.
Watch videos of theories (Big
Bang etc.) in the class room
through projector.
Activity: Draw a well labelled
To understand that the
diagram to show the interior of
configuration of the surface of the
the earth.
earth is largely a product of the
exogenic and endogenic
 Draw a diagram of a volcano
processes operating in the
and mark the following parts:
interior of the earth
a. Magma Chamber
b. Vent
c. Central Pipe
d. Lava flow


Draw a diagram to show the
intrusive volcanic forms.
At the completion of this unit
students will be able to:

Describe the Big Bang,
Planetesimal theory, Nebular
Hypothesis related to the origin of
the universe.
At the completion of this unit
students will be able to:

Describe direct and indirect
sources of information about the
interior of the earth.

Discuss Earthquakes—its causes
and effects, define: Epicentre,
Hypocentre, Earthquake waves
and its propagation, Shadow
zones, Measuring the intensity of
Earthquakes.

Explain the interior structure of
the earth.
Case study of earthquakes that
occurred in India in recent times

and in Turkey.
Explain Volcanoes, its types and
volcanic landforms.
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4

Distribution of seas
and oceans

To describe the theory of
continental drift proposed by
Alfred Wegner.
To understand the present
configuration of continents and
oceans through plate tectonics
theory.

On the outline world map mark
and label the following:
At the completion of this unit
students will be able to:

Provide evidences in support of
continental drift and force for
drifting.

Explain Post drift studies,
Convectional current theory,
Mapping of the ocean floor,
Ocean floor configuration,
Concept of sea-floor spreading,

Describe theory of plate tectonics
and different types of plate
boundaries.

Trace the movements of Indian
Plate.
a. Major plate boundaries
b. Ring of fire
c. Hot spot Volcanoes

Draw diagrams to show
different types of plate
boundaries.

Case Study:
https://www.downtoearth.org.in/ne
ws/natural-disasters/out-of-theabyss-56977
5
Geomorphic
Processes

To understand various exogenic 
and endogenic processes
responsible to bring changes in
the configuration of the surface of

the earth.

At the completion of this unit
Prepare a concept map to show
students will be able to:
different Exogenic and
Endogenic Processes.
 Differentiate between
geomorphic processes and
Students will prepare concept
geomorphic agents.
map on denotational processes.
 Describe factors that affect soil
Study types of weathering:
formation.
Physical, Chemical, Biological
and understanding their
 Define the following terms:
importance for human being.
Exfoliation, Denudation,
Weathering etc.
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Geography Class XI & XII Syllabus 2023-24
6
Landforms and
their Evolution
7
Composition and
Structure of
Atmosphere


To understand the nature of
different erosional and
depositional agents and
landforms made by them.
To understand the composition
and structure atmosphere.

Study types of mass
movements and prepare a mind
map.

At the completion of this unit
Visit nearby landforms and draw
students will be able to:
sketches.

Draw neat and well labelled
diagrams of landforms created
by running water, wind and
waves etc.

Describe and draw various
erosional and depositional
landforms created by different
agents.

Watch videos of different
landforms created by running
water, underground water,
glacier, wind, sea waves etc.

Students will be able to compare
and analyse various landforms

Locate different landforms
(mountains, plateaus, plains) on
the outline map of the world.

Find out the advantages and
disadvantages of different
landforms from the internet.

Prepare charts to show different
landforms.

Watch a video on the
importance of different layers of
the atmosphere.

Write songs based on different
seasons.

Draw a neat and well labelled
diagram to show different layers
At the completion of this unit
students will be able to:

Describe the composition and
characteristics of different layers
of atmosphere.
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Geography Class XI & XII Syllabus 2023-24
of the atmosphere and write the 
importance of each layer.
8
Solar Radiation,
Heat Balance and
Temperature

To understand the heating and
cooling of the atmosphere and
the resultant temperature
distribution over the surface of
the earth.



9
Atmospheric
Circulation and
Weather Systems



To understand the general

atmospheric circulation and the
forces that control the circulation.
To understand the meaning of
various terms related to the topic. 
To know the causes and
consequences of air circulation.
Students to learn about the
three different modes of heat
transfer—convection,
conduction, radiation— with the
help of an activity and how they
are related to the Sun and life
on our planet.
Draw a diagram to show the
passage of solar radiation
through the atmosphere.
At the completion of this unit
students will be able to:

Differentiate between solar
radiation and terrestrial radiation.

Give reasons for variability of
insolation at the surface of the
earth.

Explain the heat budget of the
planet earth.
Study the figure 9.4 and 9.5 and
write the distribution of surface 
temperature in the month of
January and July.

Students may read various
theories and articles related to
atmospheric circulation and
weather system.
Students are advised to watch
live videos related to the topic
winds:
Correlate climate change with
Sustainable Development
Goals13: Climate Action.
Describe factors controlling
temperature distribution.
Explain inversion of temperature.
At the completion of this unit
students will be able to:

Describe the permanent pressure
belts and the prevailing winds.

Explain different types of winds.

Differentiate between tropical and
extra tropical cyclones.
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10
Water in the
Atmosphere

11

World Climate and
Climate Change
(To be tested
through internal
assessments in the
form of project and 
presentation)

The students can be
encouraged to prepare
presentation on different topics
in the chapter.

Examine the weather conditions
necessary for the formation of
cyclones, tornadoes, hurricanes
etc.
To understand continuous

exchange of water between the
atmosphere, the oceans and the
continents through the processes

of evaporation, transpiration,
condensation and precipitation.
Make a list of different forms of
condensation and precipitation
and define them.

On a world map mark and label
areas of heavy, moderate, low
and inadequate rainfall.
To define three broad
approaches that have been
adopted for classifying climate –
Empirical Classification, Genetic
Classification, and Applied
Classification.

Classify climate based on
various schemes by Koeppen
with the help of a mind map.

Describes the causes and
effects of global warming.
To Describe various types of
climates and their groups/
subtypes.

Evaluate the climate changes in
the recent past.

Realize how global warming is
result of atmospheric pollution
and how it can be minimised if
not prevented.
At the completion of this unit
students will be able to:

Explain the process of
precipitation and its different
forms.

Analyse the variation in the
distribution of rainfall in the world.
Draw diagrams of different
types of rainfall.
At the completion of this unit
students will be able to:

The topic can be presented in
class through PPT or Project
Work after conducting extensive
and guided research by students.
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Geography Class XI & XII Syllabus 2023-24
12
Water (Oceans)

To analyse Koeppen’s Scheme
of Classification of Climate.

To explain climate change and
related concepts.

To evaluate the climate changes
in the recent past.

To explain water cycle and
summarize how an increase in
demand for water leads to a
water crisis.



13
Movements of Ocean
Water

To Illustrate major and minor
ocean floor features. (midoceanic ridges, seamounts,
submarine canyons, guyots, and
atolls)



Draw a diagram to show major
and minor features of ocean
floor.

Locate and label the major seas
on a political map of the world
(As given in map list).

To evaluate the factors affecting
the salinity of ocean waters.


Study figure 13.5 and analyse
the horizontal distribution of
salinity in different oceans.
To describe horizontal and
vertical distribution of oceanic
temperature.
To define and differentiate
between tides and currents.
At the completion of this unit
students will be able to:
Mark and label the major warm
and cold currents on an outline
world map. (As per the given
map list)
Describe the basic processes
involved in hydrological cycle
with the help of a well labelled
diagram.
Describe the relief features of the
ocean floor.
Explain the process of heating
and cooling of oceanic water and
factors that affect temperature

distribution in the ocean

Describe the salinity of ocean
waters.
At the completion of this unit
students will be able to:

Explain tides, currents and
waves.
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14
Biodiversity and
Conservation

To describe the formation of sea
waves.



Analyse the economic
significance of tides.
To analyse the importance of
tides.

Describe ocean currents and the
forces that influence them.

To classify and describe major
ocean currents and its effects.

Distinguish between cold and
warm ocean currents.

To explain the three major realms 
of the environment.

To explain the concept of
ecology.

To analyse the features and
types of aquatic ecosystems and
biomes, with examples.
Draw a diagram of spring and
neap tides.
Make a list of flora and fauna
found in your surroundings and
make a scrap book containing
information and pictures of at
least ten species.
At the completion of this unit
students will be able to:

Describe the characteristic
features of the biosphere.

Define ecology and related terms
and explain the need for
ecological balance.

Recognize the abiotic and biotic
factors of the ecosystem.

To compare and contrast the
features of five major biomes of
the world – forest, grassland,
desert, aquatic, and altitudinal.
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Geography Class XI & XII Syllabus 2023-24
India Physical Environment
Chapter No. and
Specific Learning Objectives
Suggested Teaching Learning
Process
Name
1
India- Location

To understand the geographical 
location of India and its
significance.

2
Structure and
Physiography


Mark and label the land boundary
and coastline on an outline map
of India.

On a political map of India mark
and label the states and UTs.

At the completion of this unit
students will be able to:

Make a list of all the states that
share common boundary with our 
neighbouring countries.

To understand the evolution of

different geological structures in
India.
To acquire knowledge about
physiographic divisions and
their subdivisions.
On an outline map of India mark
all the neighbouring countries
and compare the size of India
with its neighbours.
Learning Outcomes
Identify the physiographic and
geological region you live in.
Discuss the impact of
physiography on the
development of your region.
On an outline map of India mark
and label the physiographic
divisions of India.

Describe the location of India
mentioning the surrounding water
bodies.
Analyse the implications of living
in a country with vast longitudinal
and latitudinal extent and its
impact on the standard time of
India.
Explain the vastness of India and
the diversity that comes along
with it.
At the completion of this unit
students will be able to:

Explain the evolution of various
geological structures in different
parts of the country.

Describe major physiographic
divisions and the processes of
their formation.
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Geography Class XI & XII Syllabus 2023-24

3
Drainage System


4
Climate
To understand the drainage

system and drainage patterns of
Indian rivers.
Have a group discussion in your
class about floods-their positive
and negative impact.
To understand the extent of use 
ability of river water and the
problems associated with it.
Make a list of east flowing and
west flowing rivers of Peninsular
region.

To understand Indian monsoon: 
and its mechanism.

To list the weather conditions
that prevail during different
seasons.

To analyse the variation in
distribution of rainfall in India.


Students to mark and label the
hottest, coldest, driest and
wettest place in India. (on a
political map)
Students should be made to
understand Air Quality Index.
At the completion of this unit
students will be able to:

Understand the major drainage
systems of India.

Analyse the causes of river water
pollution.

Differentiate between Himalayan
and Peninsular rivers.
At the completion of this unit
students will be able to:

Discuss the factors affecting
climate of the country and its
effect on country’s economic life.

Understand the annual cycle of
four main seasons in India.
The Air Quality Index is a way for
the government to alert people to
the quality of the air and how bad 
the air pollution is in an area or
city. They use colours to help you

determine if you should go
outside.

Green - the air is good.

Yellow - the air is moderate
Locate the major physical
features on the map of India.
Able to realise the causes and
problems of climate changes.
Able to understand the concept
of Global Warming.
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Geography Class XI & XII Syllabus 2023-24
5

Natural Vegetation
To understand the relationship
between vegetation belts and
the climate.

Orange - the air is unhealthy for
sensitive people like the elderly,
children, and those with lung
diseases.

Red – Unhealthy

Purple - Very unhealthy

Maroon - Hazardous

Students would be able to
enhance their communication
skills by debating on positive and
negative impact of human
activities on forest cover and
wildlife.


6
Natural Hazards
and Disasters
(To be tested
through internal
assessment in the

To make students aware about
natural hazards and disasters
happening in various parts of
the country, their impact and
ways to mitigate the damage
caused by them.
At the completion of this topic the
students will be able to:

To mark all major types of forests

on a map of India.
Class can be divided into groups
to collect information about
people’s (common man)
participation in the conservation
of forests and wildlife.

Divide your class into groups and
allocate one disaster to each
group.

Every group should think of
themselves as living in a disaster
prone area of their allocated
topic.

The students will be able to
recognise the importance of
forest cover in the country and its
spatial distribution.
They will learn about number of
species of plants and animals in
India.
They will appreciate the efforts in
conservation of forests and wild
life.
At the completion of this topic the
students will be able to:

Classifies different types of
hazards and disasters.
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Geography Class XI & XII Syllabus 2023-24

form of Projects and
presentation)
All groups would give a
presentation on causes ,impact
and risk reduction of that
disaster.

Describes causes effects and
mitigation policy for various
natural disasters.

Able to identify and locate
regions prone to different
disasters on the map.

Understands the concept of
disaster management.
Map Items for locating and labelling on outline political World Map
Fundamentals of Physical Geography
Chapter No. and Name
Map Work
4

Distribution of oceans

and continents

9
Atmospheric
Circulations and
Weather Systems
Political Map of all Continents of the world.
Major Oceans of the world: Indian Ocean, Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Arctic Ocean, Southern Ocean
Major lithospheric plates and Minor lithospheric plates, Ring of fire (Pacific Ocean), Mid-Atlantic Ridge.
Major Hot Deserts of the world:






Mojave Desert- Nevada, US
Patagonian Desert- Argentina
Sahara- Africa
Gobi Desert- Mongolia, Asia
Thar desert- India
Great Victoria desert- Australia
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Geography Class XI & XII Syllabus 2023-24
12
Water(Oceans)
13
Movements of Ocean
Water








Major Seas
Black sea
Baltic sea
Caspian Sea
Mediterranean Sea
North Sea
Red sea
Bay of Fundy (Canada)-Famous for the highest tides in the world
OCEAN CURRENTS-Cold currents







Humboldt c.
California c.
Falkland c.
Canaries c.
West Australian c.
Oyashio c.
Labrador c.
Warm currents





14
Biodiversity and
Conservation
Alaska c.
Brazilian c.
Aughlas c.
Kuroshio c.
Gulf stream c.
Ecological hotspots
 Eastern Himalaya, India
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Geography Class XI & XII Syllabus 2023-24






Western ghats, India
Indonesia, Asia
Eastern Madagascar, Africa
Upper Guinean forests, Africa
Atlantic forest, Brazil
Tropical Andes
Map Items for locating and labelling on outline political map of India
India Physical Environment
Chapter No and Name
Map Work
1
India- Location





Latitudinal extent of India
Longitudinal extent of India
Standard Meridian of India
Important latitude passing through India (Tropic of Cancer)
Southern Most Point of main land of India (Kanya Kumari)
2
Structure and
Physiography

Mountains: Karakoram Range, Garo- Khasi- Jaintia hills, Aravalli Range, Vindhyan Range, Satpura
Range, Western ghats & Eastern ghats
Peaks: K2, Kanchenjunga, Nandadevi, Nanga Parvat, Namcha Barwa and Anaimud
Passes: Shipkila, Nathula, Palghat, Bhor ghat and Thal ghat
Plateaus: Malwa, Chhotnagpur, Meghalaya and Deccan Plateau.
Coastal Plains: Saurashtra, Konkan, North and South Kanara, Malabar, Coromandel and Northern
Circars
Islands: Andaman & Nicobar Islands and Lakshadweep Islands





23 of 53
Geography Class XI & XII Syllabus 2023-24
3
Drainage System
4
Climate
5
Natural Vegetation



Rivers: Brahmaputra, Indus, Satluj, Ganga, Yamuna, Chambal, Damodar Mahanadi, Krishna, Kaveri,
Godavari, Narmada, Tapti and Luni
Lakes: (Identification)Wular, Sambhar, Chilika, Kolleru, Pulicat & Vembanad
Straits, Bays , Gulfs: Palk Strait, Rann of Kachch, Gulf of Kachch, Gulf of Mannar & Gulf of Khambat




Area with highest temperature in India
Area with lowest temperature in India
Area with highest rainfall in India
Area with lowest rainfall in India
(Identification on an outline map of India) Tropical evergreen, Tropical deciduous, Tropical thorn, Montane
and Littoral/ Swamp forests. Wildlife reserves: (locating and labeling)



National Parks: Corbett, Kaziranga, Ranthambore. Shivpuri, Simlipal
Bird Sanctuaries: Keoladev Ghana and Ranganathitto
Wild life Sanctuaries: Periyar, Rajaji, Mudumalai, Dachigam,
24 of 53
Geography Class XI & XII Syllabus 2023-24
Guidelines for Internal Assessment/ Geography Practical
1. A practical file must be prepared by students covering all the topics prescribed in the practical syllabus.
2. The file should be completely handwritten with a cover page, index page and acknowledgment.
3. All practical works should be drawn neatly with appropriate headings, scale, index etc. Data can be taken from the NCERT text book.
4. The practical file will be assessed at the time of term end practical examinations.
5. A written exam of 25 marks will be conducted based on prescribed practical syllabus.
6. Viva will be conducted based on practical syllabus only.
7. Written Exam -25 Marks
8. Practical file- 03 Marks
9. Viva-
02 Marks
25 of 53
Geography Class XI & XII Syllabus 2023-24
CLASS XII
NCERT Prescribed Textbook
1. Fundamentals of Human Geography
2. India- People and Economy
3. Practical work in Geography- Part II
Links for Rationalised 2023-24 NCERT textbooks:
1. https://ncert.nic.in/textbook.php?legy1=0-8
2. https://ncert.nic.in/textbook.php?legy2=0-9
3. https://ncert.nic.in/textbook.php?legy3=0-
Note:
1. The above textbooks are also available in Hindi medium.
2. Kindly refer to the latest editions of all NCERT Textbooks.
26 of 53
Geography Class XI & XII Syllabus 2023-24
CLASS XII
COURSE STRUCTURE
Book- Fundamental of Human Geography
Chapter No.
Chapter Name
No. of periods
Weightage
7
3
Unit I
1
Human Geography
Unit II
2
The World Population Density Distribution and Growth
9
8
3
Human Development
7
Unit III
4
Primary Activities
12
5
Secondary Activities
10
6
Tertiary and Quaternary Activities
10
7
Transport, Communication and Trade
15
19
27 of 53
Geography Class XI & XII Syllabus 2023-24
8
International Trade
10
Map Work (Based on identification of features on World Political Map)
10
5
Total
90
35
No. of Periods
Weightage
10
5
8
3
Book-India People and Economy
Chapter No.
Chapter Name
Unit I
1
Population Distribution Density Growth and Composition
Unit II
2
Human Settlements
Unit III
3
Land Resources and Agriculture
9
4
Water Resources
9
5
Mineral And Energy Resources
9
6
Planning and Sustainable Development in Indian Context
7
10
Unit IV
28 of 53
Geography Class XI & XII Syllabus 2023-24
7
Transport and Communication
11
8
International Trade
9
7
Unit V
9
Geographical Perspective on selected issues and problems
8
5
Map Work (Based on Marking and labelling on a political Map of India)
10
5
Total
90
35
Period
Weightage
Geography Practical-II
Chapter No.
Chapter Name
1
Data-its source and Compilation
5
2
Data Processing
8
3
Graphical representation of Data
15
4
Spatial Information Technology
12
Practical Record Book and Viva Voce
18
7
5
Total
40
30
29 of 53
Geography Class XI & XII Syllabus 2023-24
CLASS XII
COURSE CONTENT
Book- Fundamental of Human Geography
Chapter No. and
Name
1
Human Geography
2
The World
Population-
Specific Learning Objectives


Suggested Teaching Learning
Process
To define Human Geography and 
describe the nature and scope of
Human Geography as a
discipline.

To familiarize learners with some
basic concepts of Population
Geography.

Learning Outcomes
Case Study on determinism and At the completion of this unit
students will be able to:
possibilism given in NCERT to
be used to explain the concept.
 Define the term human
geography
Prepare a concept map of the
chapter explaining the following:
Definition of Human Geography,  Elucidate the
nature, scope, schools of
Interdependence between
thought, branches of Human
Nature and Human beings.
Geography.
 State the fields and subfields of
Human Geography and its
relation with other branches of
Social Sciences.
On a world map mark and label
ten most populous countries of
the world.

Differentiate between
Environmental Determinism and
Possibilism.

Explain Neo-determinism with
examples from real life.
At the completion of this unit
students will be able to:
30 of 53
Geography Class XI & XII Syllabus 2023-24
distribution, density 
and growth
To understand the patterns of
population distribution in the
world and correlate the factors
influencing population
distribution.


To understand the concept
human development introduced
by Dr. Mehbub Ul Haq and Prof.
Amartya Sen.

Calculate density of population,
birth rate and death rate.

Name and define the
components responsible for
population change.

List the reasons for human
migration.


On the world map identify the
countries of Europe and Asia
with negative growth rate of
population and African countries
with growth rate of population

more than three percent.

3
Human
development
Class discussion on how
science and technology helped
in population growth.
Students can be asked to find
out the density of population of
their respective state/ district/
city.

Understand the stages of
population growth in the world
using Demographic Transition
Theory.
Suggest measures to control
population growth.
Define the following terms:
Growth of population, Natural
growth of population, Positive
growth of population, Negative
growth of population

Case Study on Thomas Malthus
(optional) Prepare a glossary

At the completion of this unit
The lesson can be introduced
students will be able to:
by asking students to discuss
with their peer group
 Differentiate between growth
What is a meaningful life?
and development
Discuss with your peer how Beti  Explain the three basic
Bachao and Beti padhao
indicators of human


31 of 53
Geography Class XI & XII Syllabus 2023-24


4
Primary Activities


To understand various categories 
of economic activities.
To describe Primary activities
and relate the physical and social

factors that affect the type of
primary activities practised in
different regions of the world.

programme introduced by the
Government of India can
address the issue of declining
sex ratio and make life more
meaningful for girls.
Enact a play to show how
choices get limited due to lack
of capability in areas of income,
health care and education.
Interview a lady vegetable
vendor, cobbler and a sweeper
in the community and note how
their opportunities were limited
because of gender, caste and
income.





At the completion of this unit
students will be able to:
Class discussion: Why are
people in coastal areas and
plains engaged in fishing and
agriculture?

Describe the life of a nomadic
herder.

Mark and label the following on
an outline world map:
development and measure the
level of Human Development.
Describe Human Development
Index published by UNDP.
Compare HDI with Human
Poverty Index.
Explain the key pillars of human
development with examples.
Compare Income approach,
Welfare approach, Basic Needs
approach and capability
approach to understand the
concept Human Development.
To categories countries on the
basis of their HDI and explain
their characteristics.

Define the following terms:
Economic activities, Primary
activities, Red Collar Worker,
Pastoral Nomadism
Explain food gathering as an
economic activity.
Distinguish between pastoral
nomadism and commercial
livestock rearing.
32 of 53
Geography Class XI & XII Syllabus 2023-24

To explain main features of
different types of agricultural
system practised in the world.
a. Major areas of subsistence
gathering
b. Major areas of nomadic
herding of the world
c. Major areas of commercial
livestock rearing
d. Major areas of extensive
commercial grain faming
e. Major areas of mixed farming
of the World








Differentiate between primitive
subsistence and intensive
subsistence farming.
Describe the characteristic
features of plantation agriculture
as a type of commercial
farming.
Analyse why is there low yield
per acre but high yield per
person in areas of extensive
grain cultivation.
Compare and contrast the
farming practices in the
developed urban areas of the
world.
Analyse how the model of
Kolkhoz introduced in the
erstwhile USSR boost
agricultural production.
Examine the reasons for
success of cooperative farming
in the European countries.
Differentiate between open cast
mining and shaft mining.
Discuss how mining can have
impact on humans and
environment.
33 of 53
Geography Class XI & XII Syllabus 2023-24
5
Secondary
Activities


To develop understanding of
secondary activities with
emphasis on manufacturing
industries.
To give an overview of
manufacturing processes, types,
its significance and recent
changes.

The students can be asked to
prepare a list of factory made
goods they use in their daily life
and categorize them as
biodegradable and nonbiodegradable.
At the completion of this unit
students will be able to:


List out ten global brands, their
logos and products.

The students can be taken out

for a visit to local industry and
asked to prepare a report on
their observations regarding raw
material used, finished product, 
production process, labour
inputs, environmental impact
and social responsibility.


The students can be asked to
prepare a sketch, poster, poem
or write-up about the
environmental conditions
surrounding an industry.



Explain key concepts such as,
large-scale manufacturing, high
technology industry,
organizational set up, foot-loose
industries, Agri business etc.
Identify and explain the factors
affecting the location an
industry.
Differentiate between different
types of industries on the basis
of size, raw material, ownership
and output.
Differentiate between cottage
industry and small scale
industry.
Explain the importance of hightech industries and reason for
them being attracted to the
peripheral areas of major
metropolitan cities.
Compare large scale industry
and modern high tech industry
with examples
Understands and analyses the
interrelationship between
34 of 53
Geography Class XI & XII Syllabus 2023-24
industrial development and
standard of living.
6
Tertiary and
Quaternary
Activities


To understand different types of
tertiary activity and its importance
in the economy.
At the completion of this unit
students will be able to:
Make a list of economic
activities under different
categories.


Make a list of departmental
stores and chain stores that you 
visit regularly.

Class discussion on: How
convenient and beneficial the
fast-growing service sector in
the world.





Compare and contrast
traditional and modern
economic activities.
Students correlate tertiary
activities and their role in the
economic development of a
country.
Describe different types of
tertiary activities.
Discuss different types of
trading centres found in rural
and urban areas and role
played by them in local
economy.
Describe quinary activities and
its role in advanced economies.
Discuss how tertiary, quaternary
and quinary activities have
replaced jobs in primary and
secondary sectors.
Define the following terms:
BPO, Outsourcing, KPO,
35 of 53
Geography Class XI & XII Syllabus 2023-24
Departmental Store, Chain
Store, Wholesale trading
7
Transport and
Communication

To acquire knowledge about
various modes of transport in
different continents.


To compare and synthesize the
information about major transport

routes around the globe.

To understand the development
of communication networks and
their impact on the modern
world.



Students can be asked to do a
survey of their class about the
means of transport being used
by students to reach school.
Prepare a Bar diagram with the
help of the data collected.
Analyze the connection
between physical landscape
and development of various
modes of transport
Mark and label the terminal
stations of Trans-Siberian
Railway, Trans Canadian
Railway and Trans Australia
Railway on an outline world
map.
Draw a sketch map of Suez
Canal, Panama Canal, St
Lawrence Sea ways and Rhine
waterways, and mark them on
an outline map of the world.
On an outline map of the world
mark and label the following
major airports of each continent:
At the completion of this unit
students will be able to:






Compare and contrast various
modes of transport.
Explain the relationship of
transport and communication
networks to economic
development of a region.
Describe the major highways
and major rail networks of
different continents.
Discuss the location and
economic significance of TransSiberian Railway, Trans
Canadian Railway, The Union
and Pacific Railway and Trans
Australian Railway.
Describe the location and the
economic importance of the
major sea routes of the world.
Discuss how Suez Canal and
Panama Canal serve as major
gateways of commerce for both
the eastern and the western
world.
36 of 53
Geography Class XI & XII Syllabus 2023-24
a. Asia: Tokyo, Beijing, Mumbai,
Jeddah, Aden Africa:
Johannesburg & Nairobi
b. Europe: Moscow, London,
Paris, Berlin and Rome
c. North America: Chicago,
New Orleans, Mexico City
d. South America: Buenos
Aires, Santiago
Australia: Darwin and
Wellington
8
International Trade




Familiarize the students with

the basic concepts and principles
of International trade.

To understand the basis of
International trade, Balance of
trade and types of International
trade.

Gain knowledge about the
concept of Dumping.
To outline the historical

perspective of globalization and
Role of WTO, its functions and its 
implications on the world trade.
Discuss: How International
trade was carried out in the past
vis-a-vis present times.
Study the data given on table
9.1 and compare world import
and export to calculate balance
of trade and analyse its
implication.
Read the case Study on
dumping and discuss how
dumping is becoming a serious
concern among trading nations.
Prepare a concept map of the
chapter.
Mark and label the headquarter
of WTO on an outline world
map.

Discuss how the modern
communication systems have
made the concept of global
village a reality.
At the completion of this unit
students will be able to:






Define international trade and
describe how it impacts various
countries.
Describe the basis of
International Trade.
Discuss types of and aspects
International trade.
Explain the term Dumping,
Trade liberalisation and
Globalisation.
Discuss the impact of WTO on
current global trade.
Evaluate how international trade
can be detrimental to some
nations.
37 of 53
Geography Class XI & XII Syllabus 2023-24


Examine the importance of sea
ports as Gateways of
International trade
Mark and label the following

major sea ports of the world:
a. Europe: North Cape,
London, Hamburg North
America: Vancouver, San
Francisco, New Orleans
b. South America: Rio De
Janeiro, Colon, Valparaiso
Africa: Suez and Cape
Town
c. Asia: Yokohama, Shanghai,
Hong Kong, Aden, Karachi,
Kolkata
d. Australia: Perth, Sydney,
Melbourne
Analyse how sea ports act as
chief gateways of International
trade.
India People and Economy
Chapter No. and
Name
1
Population:
Distribution
Density, Growth
and Composition
Specific Learning Objectives

To correlate population
distribution and density with the
physiography of India.

To familiarize students with the
demographic attributes of India
Suggested Teaching Learning
Process


Learning Outcomes
Learner may be asked to refer to At the completion of this unit
an Atlas to correlate relief map of students will be able to:
India and map of population
 Differentiate between distribution
distribution and density and write
of population and density of
their observation and share with
population.
their classmates.
 Define: Physiological Density,
Prepare a choropleth map
Agricultural Density, Population
showing the state wise density of
doubling time, Working
population of India.
Population, Participation Rate,
38 of 53
Geography Class XI & XII Syllabus 2023-24




Represent the data on decadal
growth rate (given on page 5
NCERT) in India using suitable
statistical diagram.
Refer to Census of India website
to collect data on population of
India.
Prepare a dot map showing the
distribution of India’s Population.
Compare the growth rate of
population of different states
between 1991-2001 and 20012011.




2
Human
Settlements

To understand how the form and
size of settlement of any
particular region reflects human
relationship with the
environment.



The students will prepare a line
graph to show the growth of
urban population in India since
1901.
The students will mark and label
the million plus cities of all the
states on a political map of India.
Case Study: Amravati
Main Worker, Marginal Worker,
Rural Population, Urban
Population, Adolescent
Population.
Discuss the factors responsible
for uneven distribution of
population in India.
Explain trends of population
growth in India since 1901.
Describe rural-urban population
composition, religious
composition linguistic
composition and sectoral
composition of work force in
India.
Discuss the occupational
structure of India’s population.
At the completion of this unit
students will be able to:



Differentiate between rural and
urban settlement.
Describe the factors that govern
the types of rural settlement in
India.
Compare and contrast clustered,
semi clustered, Hamleted and
39 of 53
Geography Class XI & XII Syllabus 2023-24
https://smartcities.gov.in/sites/def
ault/files/SmartCityGuidelines.pdf
https://assccl.ap.gov.in/ASSCCL/
views/V1/Home.aspx
3
Land Resources
and Agriculture


To familiarise students with the
land-use categories as
maintained in the land revenue
records.

To analyse the changes in landuse pattern registered in India
due to change in shares of
primary, secondary and tertiary
sectors in GDP.



The students will study and
document the land use around
their school and speak to their
elders to find out changes
registered in land use.
The students will read and
interpret the bar graph (fig 5.1)
comparing the changes in land
use in India between 1950-51
and 1914-15.
Using the data given in the
appendix (vi) the students will
Work out the actual increase and
rate of increases for all the land
use categories between 1950–51
and 2014–15.
The students will prepare pie
graphs to show the land use
categories in 1950-51 and 191415.


dispersed settlement with
examples.
Describe the evolution of towns
in India since prehistoric times.
Classify towns on the basis of
their functions.
At the completion of this unit
students will be able to:

Name and define the land use
categories.

Compare the Changes in shares
of Land-use Categories in India
between 1950 and 2014.

Discuss the importance of
common property resources for
the community.

Compare dryland and Wetland
farming and evaluate its
importance.

Compare the geographical
conditions required for the growth
of the following crops and their
distribution/growing areas.
40 of 53
Geography Class XI & XII Syllabus 2023-24



4

Water Resources
To familiarise students about the 
water resources available in India

and the factors that determine
spatial distribution of the
available water resources in the
country and its utilization.

Prepare a pie chart showing the
composition of total cultivable

land in the country.
The students will calculate
cropping intensity using data
from table 5.1

The students will represent the
geographical conditions required
for the growth of different crops in
a tabular form and compare
them.

On political map of India the
students will mark and label three
largest producing states of Rice,
Wheat, Jowar, Pulses, Oilseeds,
Cotton, Jute, Sugarcane, Tea
and Coffee.
List out the major sources of
water.
Discuss the interrelationship
between physical and human
environment and their impact
from local to global.
Ralegan Siddhi case study to be
discussed to understand the
holistic impact of Watershed
development in any place.
Rice, Wheat, Jowar, Pulses,
Oilseeds, Cotton, Jute,
Sugarcane, Tea, Coffee
Evaluate technological
developments that have taken
place in Indian agriculture since
Independence.
Discuss the challenges faced by
the Indian farmers and suggest
measures to overcome them.
At the completion of this unit
students will be able to:




Describes the available water
resources in India.
Evaluates the water demand and
supply in India.
Discuss the reasons for water
scarcity in the country.
Discuss water resources in India,
its geographical distribution,
41 of 53
Geography Class XI & XII Syllabus 2023-24

Students can also be encouraged
to see the stories of Haryali,
Neeru-Meeru (Water and You)
programme (in Andhra Pradesh) 
and Arvary Pani Sansad (in
Alwar, Rajasthan)

5

Mineral and
energy resources


To know about distribution of
various minerals in the world.
To understand and realize the
importance of minerals in human
life.
To create an awareness about
nature of different minerals and
how to sustain them for the
future.



The students should be
encouraged to read newspaper
regularly and discuss
environmental impact of mining.
The students should create
awareness in school through
posters and role play about the
use of renewable resources and
conservation of energy resources
Prepare a table to present the
spatial pattern of the following
minerals under the given
headings: (Properties, Total
Reserves, Distribution, Mines)
sectoral utilization, and methods
of its conservation and
management.
Recognize various emerging
water problems and analyse the
causes for deterioration of quality
of water.
Evaluate the scope to use
rainwater harvesting techniques
to conserve precious water
resources.
At the completion of this unit
students will be able to:

Classify minerals on the basis of
chemical and physical properties.

Describe the major mineral belts
of India and mark them on an
outline map of India.
Describe different types of nonconventional mineral resources.
Analyse why the renewable
energy resources will be the
future source of resources.
Suggest measures to conserve
our non-renewable resources.



42 of 53
Geography Class XI & XII Syllabus 2023-24
6
Planning and
sustainable
development in
Indian Context

To understand the need for
centralised planning (sectoral
planning and regional planning)
to accelerate uniform economic
development over space as well
the role of NITI Aayog.

Iron Ore, Manganese, Bauxite,
Copper, Mica, Coal, Petroleum
and natural Gas.

Case Study – Integrated Tribal
Development Project in
Bharmaur Region.

On an outline political Map of
India mark and label the
following:
a. Iron-ore mines: Mayurbhanj,
Bailadila, Ratnagiri, Bellary
b. Manganese mines: Balaghat,
Shimoga
c. Copper mines: Hazaribagh,
Singhbhum, Khetari
d. Bauxite mines: Katni, Bilaspur
and Koraput
e. Coal mines: Jharia, Bokaro,
Raniganj, Neyveli
f. Oil Refineries: Mathura,
Jamnager, Barauni
At the completion of this unit
students will be able to:


Case Study- Indira Gandhi Canal 
(Nahar) Command Area.

Critically evaluates the need for,
aims of, and impacts of irrigation
on Indira Gandhi Canal (Nahar)
Command Area.

Develop an understanding about
various types of planning.
Justify the need for target areas
and target groups planning by the
Planning Commission with
examples.
Explains the aims and
approaches of the Hill Area
Development Programme,
Drought prone area Programme,
43 of 53
Geography Class XI & XII Syllabus 2023-24


7
Transport and
communication

To acquire knowledge about
various means of transport
spread in different parts of India.




To compare and correlate
various modes of transport to the
physical regions of India.
Draw a flow chart to show the
means of transportation.
Collect information on Metro rail
of India and discuss in the
classroom.
At the completion of this unit
students will be able to:



Prepare a concept map showing
different means of transportation,
its advantages and

disadvantages.

Collect information on
Bharatmala and Setubharatam
Pariyojana and share it with your
peer group.
To evaluate the impact of
transport and communication
networks on the development of
our nation.
Critically evaluate the aims and
social benefits of ITDP in the
Bharmaur tribal region.
Evaluate the measures that can
be taken to promote sustainable
development in Indira Gandhi
Canal Command Area.


Develops an understanding
about various means of transport
being used in different parts of
India.
Analyse the impact of the
physical environment on
development of various modes in
different regions.
Describe different types of
highways found in different parts
of our country.
Discuss the role of Indian
Railways in the growth of India’s
economy with focus on recent
technological advancements.
Describe the five National
Waterways of our country.
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Geography Class XI & XII Syllabus 2023-24




8
International
Trade

To familiarise students about the
changes that have taken place in
India’s international trade in
terms of volume, composition
and direction.

Study the graph (11.1) showing
India’s import and export and
comment on India’s balance of
trade.
Discuss the role of OIL and Gail
in development of gas pipelines
in India.
Discuss reasons for the state
wise variation in road density in
India.
Elucidate the impact of modern
communication networks in our
life.
Mark and label the following on
an outline political map of India:
Terminal stations of north south
corridor, East west corridor &
golden quadrilateral
At the completion of this unit
students will be able to:


Make a list of items that are in
India’s import and export basket.


Make a list of India’s major
trading partners and identify
these countries on a world map.

Give reasons for changing
pattern of the composition of
India’s import and export.
Discuss the strategies adopted
by India to double its share in the
international trade.
Evaluate the role of sea ports as
gateways of international trade
with examples.
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Geography Class XI & XII Syllabus 2023-24

Name the nearest domestic and
international airports from your
school.


9
Geographical
Perspective on
selected issues

To explain the causes and
consequences of different types
of pollution in India and suggest
the measures to control it.

Study fig 11.5 and Identify four
cities from where maximum
number of air routes converge.
Discuss the reasons for the same
with your classmates.


List the major sources of water
pollution, air pollution, noise
pollution and land pollution.


Identify the most polluted stretch
of river Ganga and river Yamuna
on an outline map.
Look into the dustbin in your
school and make a list of solid
waste generated by students.
Mark and label the major sea
ports and airports on an outline
map of India.
Major Sea Ports: Kandla,
Mumbai, Marmagao, Kochi,
Mangalore, Tuticorin, Chennai,
Vishakhapatnam, Paradwip,
Haldia
International Air ports:
Ahmedabad, Mumbai, Bengaluru,
Chennai, Kolkata, Guwahati,
Delhi, Amritsar,
Thiruvananthapuram &
Hyderabad.
At the completion of this topic the
students will be able to:



Classify types of pollution based
on the medium through which
pollutants are transported and
diffused.
Explain various sources of
pollution and summarise the
state of water, air, land and noise
pollution in India.
Analyse the rural-urban migration
and its role in pollution.
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Geography Class XI & XII Syllabus 2023-24



Prepare a poster to create

awareness about Namami Gange
Programme.

Speak to a rag picker and try to
find out what he/she does with
the waste.

Read the case study of a migrant
labourer (Given in NCERT) and
enact his/her life in your
classroom.

Describe the health and social
problems of slum dwellers with
reference to Dharavi.
Describe the natural and human
causes of land degradation and
suggest measures to control land
degradation in India.
Suggest measures to control
different types of pollutions and
evaluate the effectiveness of the
Swachh Bharat Mission.
Discuss the problems related to
urban waste disposal and
suggest measures to convert
waste into wealth.
Practical Work in Geography Part II
Chapter No. and
Name
1

Data its source
and compilation
Learning Objectives
To understand the importance of
data and its uses in Geography
Suggested Teaching Learning
Process

Collect Primary and Secondary

Sources of data from different

sources and exhibit in practical file

Learning Outcomes
Define data.
Differentiate between primary
and secondary sources of data.
List several sources of data.
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Geography Class XI & XII Syllabus 2023-24
2

Data Processing

3
Representation
of data

To calculate Measures of Central 
tendency
To Compare Mean, Median And
Mode
To represent data graphically
using different techniques







Calculate Mean, Median and
Mode using direct and indirect
method



Construction of Line Graph
Bar Graph
Poly Graph
Line and Bar Graph
Multiple Bar Diagram
Compound Bar Diagram
Pie Diagram



Thematic Maps



Dot Map
Choropleth Map
Isopleth Map




Calculate the mean rainfall of
your city
List ten Himalayan peaks with
their heights.
Calculate the median height
using the data
Construct a line graph to
represent the growth rate of
Population in India 1901-2011.
Construct a polygraph to
compare the growth of sex ratio
in different states.
Construct a line and bar graph to
represent the average monthly
rainfall and temperature of Delhi.
Construct a multiple bar diagram
to represent decadal literacy rate,
male literacy and female literacy.
Draw a pie diagram to show
India’s export to major regions of
the world 2010-2011.
Construct a dot map to show
India’s Population 2011.
Construct a choropleth map to
show state wise variation in
population density.
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Geography Class XI & XII Syllabus 2023-24
4
Spatial
Information
Technology


To understand the need to
capture data from different
sources and integrate them using
a computer that is supported by
geo-processing tools.
.








To learn basic principles of the
Spatial Information Technology
and its extension to the Spatial
Information System, which is
more commonly known as
Geographical Information
System.
Explain what is Spatial
Information Technology or GIS.
Describe the advantages of GIS
over manual methods.
Components of GIS.
Spatial Data formats:
Raster data format
Vector data format.
Spatial Analysis:
Overlay and Buffer Analysis.
Map Items for identification only on outline political map of the World
Fundamentals of Human Geography
Chapter No. and Name
Map Items
1-Human Geography
Nil
2-The World Population Density Distribution and Growth
Nil
3-Human Development
Nil
4-Primary Activities

Areas of subsistence gathering (Fig 4.2)

Major areas of nomadic herding of the world (4.4)
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Geography Class XI & XII Syllabus 2023-24

Major areas of commercial livestock rearing (4.6)

Major areas of extensive commercial grain faming (4.12)

Major areas of mixed farming of the World (4.14)
5-Secondary Activities
Nil
6-Tertiary and Quaternary Activities
Nil
7-Transport, Communication and Trade

Terminal Stations of Transcontinental Railways– Trans-Siberian, Trans
Canadian, Trans-Australian Railways
Major Sea Ports

Europe: North Cape, London, Hamburg

North America: Vancouver, San Francisco, New Orleans

South America: Rio De Janeiro, Colon, Valparaiso

Africa: Suez and Cape Town

Asia: Yokohama, Shanghai, Hong Kong, Aden, Karachi, Kolkata

Australia: Perth, Sydney, Melbourne
Major Airports:

Asia: Tokyo, Beijing, Mumbai, Jeddah, Aden

Africa: Johannesburg & Nairobi

Europe: Moscow, London, Paris, Berlin and Rome

North America: Chicago, New Orleans, Mexico City

South America: Buenos Aires, Santiago

Australia: Darwin and Wellington
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Geography Class XI & XII Syllabus 2023-24
Inland Waterways
Suez Canal, Panama Canal, Rhine waterways and St. Lawrence Seaways
8-International Trade
Nil
Map Items for locating and labelling on political outline map of India
India - People and Economy
Chapter No. and Name
Map Items
1-Population Distribution Density Growth and Composition
State with highest population density & state with lowest population
density (2011)
2-Human Settlement
Nil
3-Land Resources and Agriculture
Leading producing states of the following crops: (a) Rice (b) Wheat (c)
Cotton (d) Jute (e) Sugarcane (f) Tea and (g) Coffee
4-Water Resources
Nil
5-Mineral And Energy Resources
Mines:
 Iron-ore mines: Mayurbhanj, Bailadila, Ratnagiri, Bellary
 Manganese mines: Balaghat, Shimoga
 Copper mines: Hazaribagh, Singhbhum, Khetari
 Bauxite mines: Katni, Bilaspur and Koraput
 Coal mines: Jharia, Bokaro, Raniganj, Neyveli
 Oil Refineries: Mathura, Jamnager, Barauni
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Geography Class XI & XII Syllabus 2023-24
6-Planning and Sustainable Development in Indian Context Nil
7-Transport and Communication
Nil
8-International Trade
Mark and label the major sea ports and airports on an outline map of India.
 Major Sea Ports: Kandla, Mumbai, Marmagao, Kochi, Mangalore,
Tuticorin, Chennai, Vishakhapatnam, Paradwip, Haldia
 International Air ports: Ahmedabad, Mumbai, Bengaluru, Chennai,
Kolkata, Guwahati, Delhi, Amritsar, Thiruvananthapuram &
Hyderabad.
9-Geographical Perspective on selected issues and
problems
Nil
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Geography Class XI & XII Syllabus 2023-24
Guidelines for Internal Assessment/ Geography Practical









A practical file must be prepared by students covering all the topics prescribed in the practical syllabus.
The file should be completely handwritten with a cover page, index page and acknowledgment.
All statistical diagrams and maps should be drawn neatly with appropriate headings, scale, index etc. Data to draw statistical
diagrams can be taken from the NCERT text book or Census.
The practical file will be assessed both by the internal and external examiners at the time of CBSE practical examinations.
A written exam of 25 marks will be conducted based on the above given practical syllabus on the day of the practical exam.
Viva will be conducted based on practical syllabus only.
Written Exam - 25 Marks
Practical file- 02 Marks
Viva03 Marks
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Geography Class XI & XII Syllabus 2023-24