A
MINI PROJECT-3
ON
“Gas Leakage Detector With Automatic On Exhaust Fan”
Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the award of
FINAL YEAR B.Tech
IN
ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
Submitted By
Rane Jayesh Kiran
Sonar Om Vinod
Rahul Chindhu Patil
Under the guidance of
PROF. R. K. Dhande
J. T. Mahajan College Of Engineering, Faizpur
Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Technological University, Loner.
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION
ENGINEERING
ACADEMIC YEAR: 2023-2024
1
J. T. Mahajan College Of Engineering, Faizpur
Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Technological University, Loner.
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION
ENGINEERING
ACADEMIC YEAR: 2023-2024
This is to certify that, this mini project report entitled “Gas Leakage Detector With
Automatic On Exhaust Fan” Submitted by Mr. Rane Jayesh Kiran, Mr. Sonar Om
Vinod, Mr. Patil Rahul Chindu for partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award
of the degree FOURTH YEAR in ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION
ENGINEERING as laid down by Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Technologocal
University, Loner, is a record of their own work carried out by them under my
supervision and guidance during year 2023 – 2024.
PLACE: Faizpur
DATE:
PROF.R. K. Dhande
Dr. A. M. Patil
PROJECT GUIDE
HEAD OF DEPARTMENT
Dr. K. G. Patil
PRINCIPLE
2
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
We take this opportunity to express our gratitude to our guide, Prof. R. K. Dhande for
his constant encouragement, wonderful technical guidance and support throughout the
course. We sincerely thank Dr. A. M. Patil, Head of Department of Electronics &
Telecommunication Engineering for his advice and support during course of this work.
With deep sense of gratitude, we thank to our Principal Dr. K. G. Patil and Management
of J.T. Mahajan College of Engineering, Faizpur for providing all necessary facilities
and their constant encouragement and support.
We express our thanks to all teaching & non- teaching staff for their kind co-operation
and guidance for preparing and presenting this seminar. We take this opportunity to
express our gratitude towards our parents without which it would have not been
possible.
We are ending this acknowledgement with deep indebtedness to our friends who have
helped us directly or indirectly.
Rane Jayesh Kiran
Sonar Om Vinod
Patil Rahul Chindhu
3
ABSTRACT
Most of LPG explosions are caused by undetected gas leakage in the pre-detection
condition. So that, LPG detection system is needed. The purpose of this system is to
detect gas leakage, neutralize it, and prevent the explosion. Gas leakage could happen
due to improper regulator installation or the hose is broken. This detection should not
work in just one location because gas can leak at the gas regulator and its hose.
Therefore, gas leakage detector with automatic on exhaust fan and buzzer is one of the
methods that suitable for detecting gas leakage in the wider area. This method uses gas
sensors to detect leakage in location around the gas tube. This system works based on
gas sensor MQ-2 and relay. Explosion prevention system works based on alarm/buzzer,
and exhaust fan. If the gas leaks, the sensor will send its data to transistor. Then,
explosion prevention system will be activated. The system will turn the alarm/buzzer
on, and neutralizes the air with the exhaust fan.
Keywords: LPG, MQ2
4
CONTENTS
Chapter No.
Chapter Name
Page no.
1
Introduction
6
2
Literature Survey
7
3
Specifications of components
8
4
Methodology
10
4.1
Block Diagram
10
4.2
Circuit Diagram
10
5
Objectives
11
6
Proposed Method
12
7
Implementation and Results
13
7.1.
Algorithm
13
7.2.
Flowchart
14
8
Cost estimation
15
9
Future Scope
16
10
Conclusion
17
11
References
18
5
1. Introduction
Now a day the home safety detection system plays the important role for the security of
people. Since all the people from the home goes to work on daily bases, it makes
impossible to check on the appliances available at home specially LPG gas cylinder,
wired circuits, Etc. Since last three years there is a tremendous hike in the demands of
liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and natural gas. To meet this access amount of demand
for energy and replace oil or coal due to their environmental disadvantage, LPG and
natural gas are preferred. These gases are mostly used on large scale in industry,
heating, home appliances and motor fuel. So as to track this leakage gas, the system
includes MQ2 gas sensor. This sensor senses the amount of leak gas present in the
surrounding atmosphere. Through this, explosion or getting affected by the leakage of
gas could be avoided.
6
2. Literature Survey
Gas leakage detection systems are crucial for preventing accidents and ensuring safety
in various settings. Gas sensors play a pivotal role in early detection, with technologies
ranging from electrochemical to semiconductor and infrared sensors. Calibration is
essential for accurate gas detection, and methods for calibration and testing contribute
to the reliability of these systems. Integrating gas sensors with electronic components,
such as transistors and diodes, enhances signal processing and protection.
Microcontroller-based systems offer programmability and flexibility, with the ability
to interface with automation components like relays, fans, and buzzers. Alternatively,
standalone gas detection modules provide simplicity and reliability, offering a viable
solution for specific applications. Compliance with safety standards and regulations is
crucial, and real-world applications across industries demonstrate the effectiveness of
gas detection systems. As technology advances, emerging trends focus on improving
detection accuracy and speed. This literature review provides insights into existing
research, technologies, and methodologies, emphasizing the need for comprehensive
gas detection and automation solutions in various environments.
7
3. Specifications of Components
3.1. Gas Sensor (MQ-2):




Type: Semiconductor Gas Sensor
Operating Voltage: 5V
Detection Range: Multiple gases including methane, propane, carbon
monoxide, and smoke
Output: Analog and Digital
3.2. BC-557 PNP Transistor:




Type: PNP (Positive-Negative-Positive) Bipolar Junction Transistor
Collector Current (IC): Up to 100 mA
Collector-Emitter Voltage (VCE): Up to 45V
Power Dissipation (PD): 500 mW
3.3. 1N-4007 Diode:




Type: Silicon Rectifier Diode
Maximum Repetitive Reverse Voltage (V_RRM): 1000V
Average Rectified Forward Current (I_AVR): 1A
Maximum Forward Voltage Drop (V_F): 1V
8
3.4. Relay Module:




Number of Channels: 1 (for controlling either the fan or the buzzer)
Control Voltage: 5V
Maximum Switching Voltage: Typically 250V AC / 30V DC
Maximum Switching Current: Typically 10A
3.5. DC Fan:


Voltage: Typically, 12V DC
Current: Depends on the specific fan model (e.g., 0.1A to 0.5A)
3.6. Buzzer:



Voltage: Typically, 5V to 12V DC
Current: Depends on the specific buzzer model (e.g., 20mA to 50mA)
Sound Level: Typically, 70dB to 90dB
3.7. XL6009 DC- DC Adjustable Step UP Boost Power Converter
Module


Input voltage Range: 3V~32V
Output voltage Range: 5V ~ 35V
9
4. Methodology
4.1. Block Diagram
4.2. Circuit Diagram
10
5. Objectives
5.1. Early Detection and Alert System:

Design a reliable gas leakage detection system to identify the presence of harmful
gases in an environment.

Implement an alert mechanism to notify users promptly when gas levels exceed
predefined thresholds, ensuring swift response to potential hazards.
5.2. Automation of Safety Measures:

Develop an automated system that not only detects gas leaks but also triggers safety
measures automatically.

Integrate the system with components such as fans and buzzers to mitigate the risk
by increasing ventilation and providing audible warnings.
5.3. Integration with Existing Infrastructure:

Ensure seamless integration of the gas detection and automation system with
existing infrastructure, making it compatible with various settings, including
residential, industrial, or commercial spaces.
5.4. Low Power Consumption and Energy Efficiency:

Design the system with a focus on energy efficiency, minimizing power
consumption during normal operation to reduce the overall environmental impact
and operational costs.
5.5. Scalability and Adaptability:

Consider the potential for future expansion and upgrades to meet evolving safety
standards and technological advancements.

Each objective addresses a specific aspect of the gas leakage detection and
automation system, collectively contributing to a comprehensive and effective
solution for enhancing safety and minimizing the risks associated with gas leaks.
11
6. Proposed Method
The proposed gas leakage detection and automation system integrates cutting-edge gas
sensor technology, offering an efficient solution for early gas leak detection and
automated safety measures. Utilizing a high-sensitivity gas sensor module, such as the
MQ series, the system continuously monitors air quality, generating digital signals
when gas concentrations surpass safe limits.
BC-557 PNP transistor controls a relay. This relay manages the power supply to both a
fan and a buzzer. The fan enhances ventilation to dissipate the gas, while the buzzer
provides an audible warning for immediate evacuation or precautionary measures.
To ensure the system's longevity, a diode (1N-4007) protects electronic components
from voltage spikes induced by the relay coil. The proposed system not only addresses
the critical need for early gas leak detection but also emphasizes automated responses
to mitigate risks associated with gas exposure. Its scalability, adaptability, and
integration capabilities make it suitable for deployment in diverse settings, providing a
versatile and effective solution for gas safety and automation.
12
7. Implementation and Result
7.1. Algorithm
The algorithm for a gas leakage detection and automation system involves the step-bystep instructions for detecting gas levels and triggering automated safety measures.
Below is a simple algorithm for such a system:
7.1.1. Initialization:

Initialize the gas sensor module, microcontroller, relay module, fan, and buzzer.

Set initial values, thresholds, and pin configurations.
7.1.2. Read Gas Sensor Data:

Read digital data from the gas sensor module to determine the current gas
concentration.
7.1.3. Threshold Comparison:

Compare the gas concentration with predefined safety thresholds.

If the gas concentration exceeds the safety threshold, proceed to the next step;
otherwise, go back to reading sensor data.
7.1.4. Activate Safety Measures:

If the gas concentration is above the threshold:

Activate the BC-557 PNP transistor to control the relay.

Switch the relay to power on the fan for enhanced ventilation.

Simultaneously, turn on the buzzer to provide an audible warning.
7.1.5. Delay and Continuous Monitoring:

Introduce a delay to allow the safety measures to take effect and stabilize the
environment.

Continue monitoring the gas concentration at regular intervals.
7.1.6. Deactivate Safety Measures:

If the gas concentration drops below the safety threshold:
13

Deactivate the BC-557 PNP transistor to turn off the relay.

Switch off the fan and buzzer.
7.1.7. Loop:

Repeat the process by going back to step 2 for continuous monitoring.
7.2. Flowchart
14
8. Cost Estimation
Sr. No.
Components
Price
1.
MQ-2 Gas Sensor
200
2.
Relay 6V
30
3.
1N-4007 Diode
10
4.
BC-557 Transistor
20
5.
1k Ohm Resistor
10
6.
Buzzer
30
7.
XL6009 DC- DC Adjustable Step UP Boost Power
Converter Module
180
8.
4v Battery
100
9.
DC Fan
200
10.
Switch
10
Total
Rs 790
15
9. Future Scope
The gas leakage detection and automation system exhibit considerable potential for
future advancements and broader applications. One avenue for exploration is the
integration of wireless communication protocols, enabling remote monitoring and
control through IoT platforms. Implementing machine learning algorithms could
enhance the system's intelligence by continuously adapting to environmental changes
and optimizing response strategies.
Furthermore, the integration of multiple gas sensors tailored to specific gases could
broaden the system's scope, catering to diverse industrial and residential needs.
Collaborations with smart home technologies and building automation systems could
lead to a more interconnected and seamless safety infrastructure.
The future development of smaller, more cost-effective gas sensors and improved
energy-efficient components could contribute to the widespread adoption of such
systems. As the importance of environmental monitoring grows, the system could
evolve to provide real-time data analytics for assessing air quality trends and supporting
environmental sustainability initiatives.
Additionally, exploring alternative energy sources for powering the system, such as
solar or low-power harvesting techniques, could contribute to sustainability goals. The
ongoing advancements in sensor technologies, data analytics, and energy efficiency
pave the way for a future where gas detection and automation systems play a vital role
in ensuring not only safety but also environmental well-being.
16
10. Conclusion
In conclusion, the gas leakage detection and automation system presented here uses
advanced gas sensor technology. By seamlessly integrating early gas leak detection
with automated safety measures, the system ensures a swift and effective response to
potential hazards. The utilization of a high-sensitivity gas sensor, a BC-557 PNP
transistor, and a relay module controlling a fan and buzzer underscores the system's
versatility and reliability. This proposed solution not only addresses the imperative
need for timely gas leak detection but also prioritizes user safety through automated
ventilation and audible warnings. Its adaptability for diverse environments, scalability,
and energy efficiency make it a viable and comprehensive approach to enhancing gas
safety in both residential and industrial settings.
17
11. References
[1]. P. Naveen, K. R. Teja, K. S. Reddy, S. M. Sam, M. D. Kumar and M. Saravanan,
"A Comprehensive Review on Gas Leakage Monitoring and Alerting System
using IoT Devices," 2022 International Conference on Computer, Power and
Communications
(ICCPC),
Chennai,
India,
2022,
pp.
242-246,
doi:
10.1109/ICCPC55978.2022.10072144.
[2]. S. I. Nahid et al., "Development of a Smart Automatic Gas Leakage Detector and
Alarming System," 2021 IEEE 12th Annual Information Technology, Electronics
and Mobile Communication Conference (IEMCON), Vancouver, BC, Canada,
2021, pp. 0789-0795, doi: 10.1109/IEMCON53756.2021.9623207.
[3]. Varma, Prabhakar S and K. Jayavel, "Gas Leakage Detection and Smart Alerting
and prediction using IoT," 2017 2nd International Conference on Computing and
Communications Technologies (ICCCT), Chennai, India, 2017, pp. 327-333, doi:
10.1109/ICCCT2.2017.7972304.
[4]. Banik, B. Aich and S. Ghosh, "Microcontroller based low cost gas leakage detector
with SMS alert," 2018 Emerging Trends in Electronic Devices and Computational
Techniques
(EDCT),
Kolkata,
India,
2018,
pp.
1-3,
10.1109/EDCT.2018.8405094.
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doi: