Dr. Albularyo: Uncovering the Perceptions of 21st-Century Adolescence to
the Process of Treatment of Albularyo
A Research
Presented to the Faculty of
Malinta National High School – Senior High School
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements in
Practical Research 1
Delloro, Nataniel
Esponilla Nikko
Cajes, John Paul
Alcolea, Elaisa Jane
Gutierrez, David Russel
Pabualan, Jucks
Labayo, Gwen’
Reyes, Dustin
Chapter 1
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
Introduction
One of the important aspects of a person's life is their health. In order
to be healthy a lot of people started to live a healthy lifestyle but getting sick
is inevitable. Luckily, in the previous years up until now the medical field has
been evolving continuously leading to modern medicine advancement. But
despite of that, we cannot deny the fact that there are still individuals who
tend to choose to get treatment from what we call albularyos even when
they are aware of the unusual process used by them, rather than getting
medical treatment from professionals in the medical field.
Albularyo originates from the Spanish word "Herbolario" or
"Herbalist". Albularyo is known for being an expert in herb lore, which they
use for treating ailments. Albularyo practices unorthodox medicine which
does not originate from using scientific methods, and is based mostly on
tradition, superstition, and belief in supernatural energies like " taong-lupa"
a supernatural entity that Filipino people believed in.
The main goal of this study is to uncover the perceptions of teenagers
in the process of treatment by albularyo. One of this research objectives is
to know how adolescents perceive the albularyo and what influences their
perception. To be aware of the benefits and drawbacks of albularyo
treatment from the perspective of teenagers is also one. This research also
aims to know the albularyo treatment process and how is it different from
the medical treatment offered by the professionals in the medical field.
In order to obtain the objectives of this research, the researchers are
determined to pick the most suitable methods that can be used to solve the
main problem of this research. This research study aims to seek
understanding and describe the perception of 21st-century adolescents
regarding the process of the treatment of the albaryos. The researchers
need to recruit respondents who have an in-depth understanding and can
provide detailed information about the research topic. Preparing the right
set of questions for the interview with the respondents is also necessary.
Conceptual Framework
The researcher employed the INPUT-PROCESS-OUTPUT model, which
includes the necessary accurate information, methodology, and relevant
data on the study’s variables.
Adolescent from the 21st century and albularyo are the study’s main
variables and responders, making up the input group. It also contains the
21st-century Adolescent's perspective on the process of treatment of
albularyo.
For the process, it includes all the techniques we’ll use to address the
problem, including interviews, data-gathering tactics, and sampling. We
intend to use purposive sampling because the people included are the most
likely to provide information that is needed to achieve the research
objective.
For output, is to provide insight into the practices and beliefs of the
people and their impact on the healthcare systems. Specifically, the study
aims to uncover the perceptions of 21st-century adolescent regarding the
treatment methods or techniques employed by albularyos in administering
healthcare to their patients.
Statement of the problem:
This study aims to find a solution in a problem that is the lack of
understanding of the perceptions of 21st-century
adolescent towards the process of treatment provided by albularyo.
1. What are the perceptions of 21st Century adolescent towards the
treatment process provided by Albularyo?
2. How do adolescent perceive the albularyo treatment process, and what
factors influence their perceptions?
3. What are the benefits and drawbacks of albularyo treatment from the
perspective of adolescent?
4. What is the albularyo treatment process, and how is it different from
other medical treatment
5. How can healthcare providers improve communication with adolescent
about the albularyo treatment process to ensure that they make informed
decisions?
Objective of the study
1. To explore the perceptions of 21st-century adolescents towards the
process of treatment by "Dr. Albularyo" (witch doctors) and understand
their beliefs, attitudes, and experiences related to alternative healing
practices.
2. To examine the factors influencing the decision-making process of
adolescents when seeking treatment from albularyo.
3. To assess the benefits and drawbacks of treatment by "Dr. Albularyo"
from the perspective of 21st-century adolescents, including their
perceptions of efficacy, safety, cultural relevance, and the impact on their
overall well-being and health outcomes.
Significance of the Study
The purpose of this study is to uncover the perceptions of 21st-century
adolescent. where the perception of adolescent is used to acknowledge the
importance of this matter in the present generation. This study will evaluate
the different responses to narrow down the basis on which some people
acknowledge the Albularyos in terms of their ways of treating them. This
study will benefit the following areas:
21st Century adolescent
This aims to provide information about the ways of treatment that
albularyos are using to treat their patients, especially for those 21st-century
adolescent' perceptions. This could also provide them with such information
that it could be helpful for them to acknowledge or study information
related to this topic.
People with Comorbidity
To consider the possible effects that the patient with comorbidity may or
may not experience after the treatment and to understand the potential
health advantages of this treatment. Moreover, this study will provide them
with the information that they need to clarify the possibilities in other areas
related to this topic.
People in Rural Areas
To give them information about the types of treatment procedures that
an individual needs to avoid severe sickness and casualties because some
rural places rely on traditional healing due to their inability to go to the
nearest hospitals or health centers. Furthermore, this study will conclude
possible ways for them to access professional health care in a problematic
situation.
The Future Researcher
This research will also be helpful for all future researchers who intend to
conduct studies that are related to Albularyo. It can be a great source of
information for those who would like to dig up more information about
these studies.
Scope and Delimitation
The general goal of the study is to uncover the perception of
adolescents about how albularyos treated people in today's generation. To
find out what are the insights of adolescents about the treatment of
Albularyo to their patients. This study considers the statement of
adolescents who are 17-19 years old and have experience albularyo
treatment. They will be interviewed and given some questionnaires related
to our study. This study will be conducted only inside Quiapo, Manila City.
Definition of terms
Inevitable: Unable to be avoided or escaped; certain to happen.
Medical field: The branch of knowledge or profession concerned with the
diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases and disorders in humans.
Modern medical advancement: The progress and development of medical
knowledge, techniques, technologies, and treatments in recent times.
Medical treatment: The application of medical knowledge and procedures to
prevent, cure, or alleviate a disease or medical condition.
Herb lore: Knowledge and practices related to the traditional use of herbs
for medicinal purposes.
Ailments: Physical or mental illnesses, disorders, or conditions.
Unorthodox medicine: Approaches to healing or treatment that are
unconventional, deviating from established medical practices.
Scientific method: A systematic and logical approach to acquiring knowledge
and conducting scientific research, involving observation, formulation of
hypotheses, experimentation, and analysis of data.
Superstitions: Beliefs or practices based on irrational or unfounded notions,
often related to supernatural or magical influences.
Supernatural energies: Forces or powers beyond the realm of natural
explanation or scientific understanding.
Taong lupa: A supernatural entity or being in Filipino folklore believed to
have a connection with the earth or ground.
Drawbacks: Disadvantages or negative aspects of something; shortcomings
or limitations.
Chapter 2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
TRADITIONAL HEALERS
(Mendes et al., 2020) mentioned that Traditional healers are often
regarded as cultural practitioners who are responsible for preserving and
promoting traditional knowledge and practices related to health and healing
within their communities. As such, they play an important role in preserving
cultural identity and heritage. Moreover, (Tengnah & Mendenhall, 2010)
added that traditional healers are often seen as alternative healthcare
providers who offer treatments that are different from those offered by
scientific medicine. Many traditional healing practices involve the use of
natural remedies, such as herbs and plant extracts, and focus on addressing
the root causes of illnesses rather than simply treating the symptoms.
The origins of traditional healing practices can be traced back to
ancient civilizations, including those in Egypt, China, and India. These
civilizations developed sophisticated medical systems that relied on natural
remedies, including herbs, minerals, and other substances, as well as
spiritual practices and ritual healing (Chopra et al., 2017). Moreover,
traditional healing practices also have roots in indigenous cultures and
communities around the world. These practices have been passed down
through generations and are often closely tied to local belief systems and
cultural traditions. Indigenous healers use a range of techniques, including
plant medicine, energy healing, and ritual practices, to restore balance and
promote health (Kelmendi., 2017). Furthermore, Traditional healing
practices have also been influenced by the contributions of individual
healers and practitioners over time. These healers often developed their
unique techniques and remedies based on their personal experiences and
observations, and their teachings were passed down to future generations.
In some cases, these healers gained widespread recognition and became
influential figures in the development of traditional healing practices (Zhang,
2018).
POPULARITY IN OTHER COUNTRIES
According to a study published by the World Health Organization
(WHO) in 2018, traditional healers are still popular in many parts of the
world. The study estimated that around 80% of people in Africa still rely on
traditional medicine for their healthcare needs, while in other regions such
as Asia and Latin America, the figure is around 50%. The study also
highlighted the importance of integrating traditional medicine into the
healthcare systems of these countries to improve overall health outcomes.
Furthermore, a more recent study published in the Journal of Ethnobiology
and Ethnomedicine in 2021 found that traditional healers are still widely
used in many parts of the world, including Africa, Asia, and South America.
The study surveyed over 2,000 people in 22 countries and found that
traditional healers were used by 55% of participants, with the highest usage
reported in South America (76%) and Africa (68%). The study also found that
traditional healers were often preferred over modern healthcare systems
due to factors such as affordability, accessibility, and cultural beliefs.
POPULARITY IN THE PHILIPPINES
On the other hand, according to a study published by the Philippine
Statistics Authority in 2015, traditional healers are still commonly used in
the Philippines. The study found that around 9% of households in the
country use traditional healers for their healthcare needs, with higher usage
in rural areas (12%) compared to urban areas (6%). The study also noted
that traditional healers are often preferred by households with lower
incomes, as they are perceived to be more affordable and accessible than
modern healthcare systems. Highlights of the 2013 Annual Poverty
Indicators Survey (APIS). Furthermore, a more recent study published in the
Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine in 2020 found that traditional
healers are still widely used in the Philippines, particularly among
indigenous communities. The study surveyed over 400 individuals from five
indigenous communities and found that traditional healers were used by
75% of participants, with the highest usage reported in communities with
limited access to modern healthcare systems. The study also found that
traditional healers were valued for their ability to provide culturally
appropriate care and address a wide range of health issues. International
Journal of Health Services in 2021 found that traditional healers are still
commonly used in the Philippines, particularly among low-income
households. The study surveyed over 1,200 households in the country and
found that around 5% of households use traditional healers as their first
choice for healthcare, with higher usage in rural areas (8%) compared to
urban areas (4%). The study also noted that traditional healers were often
perceived as more accessible and affordable than modern healthcare
systems, particularly for households with limited financial resources.
TREATMENT TECHNIQUES
(Rebuya et al.,2020) observed that their procedures and rituals have
similarities in performing orasyon, hilot, himolso, and the use of medicinal
herbs and spiritual or supernatural interventions. Likewise, (Tome, 2017)
observed the ritual healing of Filipino immigrants in South Korea, they use
shamanic ritual healing to prevent illness and protect them from evil
(Shamanic ritual, an ancient method of healing found in many cultures that
focuses upon relief of spiritual pain and suffering.). Moreover, (Ragosta et
al.,2016) presented the Cebuano traditional healing practices or called
panambal comprise the use of himolsolo (Pulse checking), palakaw (
petition), and pasubay ( to determine what causes the sickness and its
possible means of healing. Furthermore, (Villanueva, 2021) observed that
the elderly in Nueva Vizcaya apply materials and resources for indigenous
healing modalities the relaxation techniques, massage (hilot), use of
medicinal herbs, and rituals and also In a study conducted by (Castro and
colleagues, 2018) in the Philippines, it was found that traditional healers, or
albularyo, use a combination of prayers, herbs, and massage to treat various
ailments. They also believe in the importance of treating not just the
physical symptoms but also the spiritual and emotional aspects of the
patient.
(Caoile, 2015) documented existing traditional healers in the Philippines, the
Mangyan people whose healing practices include the use of various plant
species for medicinal purposes, as well as the performance of rituals and
ceremonies to communicate with the spirits for healing.
DISADVANTAGES
Traditional healers have been a part of many cultures for centuries,
but there are some disadvantages associated with their practices.
One of the main concerns is the lack of formal education and scientific
training among traditional healers, which can result in unregulated and
potentially harmful practices for patients (Ruzol et al., 2018). Another
disadvantage is the use of unproven and ineffective treatments, which can
lead to delays in seeking proper medical care and worsening of the patient's
condition (Casas et al., 2019). In addition, the lack of standardization in
treatment practices among traditional healers can result in inconsistent
treatment outcomes and difficulty in assessing the effectiveness of their
treatments (Deocaris et al., 2018). Traditional healers may also be unable to
diagnose and treat complex medical conditions, leading to delays in seeking
proper medical care and potential harm to the patient (Cruz et al., 2015).
Finally, there is a risk of misdiagnosis and delayed treatment among
traditional healers, which can cause harm to the patient (Malanay et al.,
2020). Despite these concerns, traditional healers continue to be a
significant part of healthcare in many cultures around the world.
SYNTHESIS
(Mendes et al., 2020), (Tengnah & Mendenhall, 2010), (Chopra et al.,
2017), (Kelmendi., 2017), (Zhang, 2018) elaborated the practices of
Albularyos.
(World Health Organization (WHO) in 2018), (Journal of Ethnobiology and
Ethnomedicine in 2020), (2013 Annual Poverty Indicators Survey),
(Philippine Statistics Authority in 2015) estimated the popularity of
Albularyos.
(Rebuya et al.,2020), (Tome, 2017), (Ragosta et al.,2016), (Villanueva, 2021),
(Castro and colleagues, 2018), and (Caoile, 2015) presented the similarities
of techniques used by Albularyos.
However, (Ruzol et al., 2018), (Casas et al., 2019), (Deocaris et al., 2018),
(Cruz et al., 2015), (Malanay et al., 2020) rejected the idea of Albularyos'
medical practices by presenting it's disadvantages.
Chapter 3
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
In this chapter, we will present the research methodology of the study.
It contains a description of ways and means to conduct the research. The
basic aim of the research methodology is to explain what techniques are
being used or will be used to obtain the data or information that is expected
to be gained at the end of the research.
Research Design
This study will employ qualitative research, in which the data collected
from the participants will be analyzed before being presented in written
form.
Phenomenological studies are type of qualitative research that explores
how individuals experience a particular phenomenon. The goal of
phenomenological research is to uncover the meanings that people assign
to their experiences and to understand the essence of those experiences.
This is a phenomenological study that aims to uncover the perceptions
of 21st-century adolescent towards the process of treatment by an
albularyo. In this study, the focus is on how adolescent perceive the process
of treatment by an albularyo. The researchers will use semi-structured
interviews between the researchers, adolescent, and albularyo. The
researcher conducts this qualitative type of research, focusing on the
experiences of teenage patients. The participants are adolescent who
experience treatment by an albularyo to treat their illness or to support
their lives.
Qualitative answers are expected to be given with a brief and specific
description of the perceptions of adolescent. By the collected data, which
was gathered and discussed in the following chapter, the researchers were
able to perform an analysis of the data in order to find out the different
struggles and experiences of being a teenage patient.
Population and Sampling Technique
Six (6) participants are going to be selected based on the researcher's
criteria. The participants are 21st-century adolescent around seventeen to
nineteen (17–19) years old who have experienced treatment by an
albularyo. The reason why the researchers chose to select patients aged 17–
19 is that they can answer the question more accurately and clearly, and
they are more experienced than young patients. The answer that the
researchers could get is more precise and significant. They can explain their
experience better than those aged sixteen and below, and they are mature
enough to answer the questions that the researchers prepared.
The researchers will use purposive sampling to select participants for the
study. Purposive sampling is a non-probability sampling technique that
allows researchers to select participants based on specific criteria that are
relevant to the research question. In this study, the researchers will select
participants who have experienced treatment by an albularyo and are
willing to share their perceptions about the process.
Research Locale
The researchers chose to conduct their study around Valenzuela City,
where the researcher currently lives, making it easier for them to conduct
their study. Basically, the researchers chose this place to conduct their
research because there is enough population that is needed for their study.
Additionally, the researchers perceived that the students here are
approachable.
Research Respondents
The researchers will pick two (6) respondents. The respondents are
going to be picked based on the study requirement. The respondent should
have experienced treatment by an albularyo, living in Valenzuela City. The
Age of respondents must be seventeen to nineteen (19) and are willing to
participate in the interview with the researchers.
Research Instruments and Techniques
To get authentic and credible information, the researchers will
conduct an interview where the participants will be given a questionnaire. It
is used as an instrument to learn about the different perceptions of 21stcentury teenagers. Specifically, a semi-structured interview in which the
researchers will ask the research participants ten (10) questions that they
have prepared and validated the questions are crafted to be able to elicit
detailed information regarding the participants' perceptions of receiving
Albularyos ways of treatment. The interview will be conducted based on the
interview questionnaire. The respondents must therefore react to the
questions in a manner with which they are comfortable.
Data Gathering
The researchers will employ four (4) methods to gather data, with the
aim of acquiring sufficient and pertinent information to address the
research objectives. The first method involves planning and organizing the
research instruments. The second method encompasses the actual
implementation
of
these
research
instruments.
Furthermore,
the
researchers will analyze and interpret the collected data. Lastly, the study
will conclude with findings and recommendations. During the planning and
arrangement phase, the researchers will prepare the required instruments
for data collection, such as an interview questionnaire. The questionnaire
chosen for data collection is ensured to be valid. Following the preparation
phase, the data gathering process will commence through interviews with
the participants. Once the necessary information is obtained, the
researchers will analyze and interpret the data by transcribing and coding it.
Ultimately, the study will culminate in a conclusion and a set of
recommendations.
Data analysis
When it comes to interpreting the collected data, the researchers
employ several techniques, including transcription, coding, and analysis.
Transcription involves gathering all the data provided by the
respondents and transferring it onto paper or a digital format for thorough
examination. This step enables the researchers to read and comprehend the
information in detail, gaining a deeper understanding of its essence and
significance.
Coding is another crucial aspect of data analysis, specifically utilizing
an inductive coding approach, often referred to as open coding. This method
involves the researcher carefully reading and interpreting the raw textual
data from the selected respondents. The data is then systematically labeled
based on its distinct characteristics. Through this process, the researchers
can identify patterns, develop themes, and categorize the data based on
their shared attributes and commonalities.
By employing transcription, coding, and analysis techniques,
researchers can effectively dissect and make sense of the collected data,
unlocking valuable insights and contributing to a comprehensive
understanding of the research topic.