INTRODUCTION TO
COMPUTER SCIENCE
M I S S. CHI DI N MA
DE PA RTMENT OF COM P U T ER S CI E NCE,
DU F UHS
COS 101 - INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER SCIENCE
OUTLINE
 Definition of computer and computing.
Classification of computer based on size, data processed and purpose.
Advantages and disadvantages of a computer.
Applications of computer in different areas of human endeavors.
COS 101 - INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER SCIENCE
Definition of Computer
COS 101 - INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER SCIENCE
Computing
Computing is the use of computers and algorithms to perform various tasks, including data processing,
problem solving, and information retrieval, encompassing a wide range of applications from scientific
research to everyday tasks.
OR
Computing includes designing and building hardware and software systems for a wide range of purposes.
COS 101 - INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER SCIENCE
CLASSIFICATION OF COMPUTER
SIZE
• Micro Computer
• Mini Computer
• Mainframe
Computer
• Super Computer
DATA
PROCESSED
• Analog Computer
PURPOSE
• Special
Purpose
• Digital Computer
• Hybrid Computer
• General
Purpose
COS 101 - INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER SCIENCE
SIZE (MICRO COMPUTER)
 It is also referred to as ―personal computers (PC).
 They are the smallest in size
 They are relatively cheap.
 They use one processor.
 The speed is determined by the number of size and
configuration.
 Different OS.
 Consumes less power than the mainframe
 Desktop, Laptop
COS 101 - INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER SCIENCE
SIZE (MINI COMPUTER)
 They are less in size than a mainframe but larger
than a micro computer
 Less expensive than a mainframe.
 Faster than microcomputer
 Transaction processing, database management.
 Different OS.
 Consumes less power than the mainframe
 IBM system/3, PDP-11 is an example
COS 101 - INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER SCIENCE
SIZE (MAINFRAME COMPUTER)
 They are less expensive than
a supercomputer.
 They use multiprocessors (up
to 7 cores per CPU)
 They do Trillion daily
transactions.
 Bulky data processing like
census, industry statistics.
 Linux OS
 IBM z14 – z16 is an example
COS 101 - INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER SCIENCE
SIZE (SUPER COMPUTER)
 They are very expensive.
 They use parallel processing.
 They are extremely fast
 Tasking
computations
like
weather
forecasting.
 Linux OS
 Consumes a lot of Energy
 Cray-1 is an example
COS 101 - INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER SCIENCE
DATA PROCESSED (ANALOG COMPUTER)
Analog computers are specifically designed to process analog data.
 It is a type of continuous data that continually changes and does not
have discrete values.
It accepts the measuring device's data without converting it into relevant
codes and numbers.
Example is Speedometer, Thermometer
COS 101 - INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER SCIENCE
DATA PROCESSED (DIGITAL COMPUTER)
A Digital computer only understands the binary input 0 and 1.
It converts all data to binary form
Process discrete data.
COS 101 - INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER SCIENCE
DATA PROCESSED (HYBRID COMPUTER)
Combination of Analog and Digital Computer.
Examples are Fuel vending machine, Electrocardiogram (ECG),
Ultrasound Machine etc.
COS 101 - INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER SCIENCE
PURPOSE (SPECIAL)
These are developed with a specific purpose.
Examples are: Automated teller machines (ATM), Washing
Machine etc.
COS 101 - INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER SCIENCE
PURPOSE (GENERAL)
 These are developed to meet the requirements of several areas such as simulation, solving mathematical
equations, payroll and personnel database.
COS 101 - INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER SCIENCE
ADVANTAGES OF COMPUTER
 High Speed
 Accuracy
 Automation
 Security
 Storage
 Ease of Access
 Multitasking
COS 101 - INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER SCIENCE
DISADVANTAGES OF COMPUTER
Cyber-Crimes and bullying
Health-Issues like Eye strain, back pain, headache, carpal tunnel syndrome
(pain in the wrist and arm) etc.
Fake News
Lack of Concentration
Can limit learning
COS 101 - INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER SCIENCE
APPLICATION AREAS OF COMPUTER
 Education
 Entertainment
 Communication
 Banking
 Healthcare
 Transportation
 Defense (Missile control, smart weapons)
 Offices
 Engineering Designs
 Supermarket etc
COS 101 - INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER SCIENCE
THANK YOU FOR LISTENING!
COS 101 - INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER SCIENCE