1.
1. T
F
T
F
5. F
T
F
T
F
10. F
11. T
F
F
T?
15. F
F
T
T
F
20. T
2. a) Parameter tuning is done before running the algorithm. Parameter control is done during the
algorithm.
b) Crossover: both parents are identical (child is also identical). Mutation: same as N != 1
c) Cost function is used to determine whether we have gone too far on a wrong path.
Heuristic function is used to determine where to go next.
d) Short-term memory is used to prevent undoing recent actions, allowing intensification by trying
new operations.
Long-term memory is used to prevent getting stuck in local minima, allowing diversification by
preventing the same components from being in the solution for too long.
e) ?
3.
Algorithm
b)
c)
BFS
ABCDFHMEKIJLG (13)
ACFEJG
DFS
ABMCFEIJG (0)
ACFEJG
UCS
ACDBHFKMELJG (12)
ADHKLJG
greedy
ACFEJG (6)
ACFEJG
A*
ACDHKFLJG (9)
ADHKLJG
d) Yes, the heuristic cost is always <= actual cost to goal.
4. a) i) 0, ii) approx. 0.422 iii) approx. 0.578
b) i) 20, ii) 5, iii) 1?
c) Ant density - each ant adds constant amt of pheromone. Ant quantity - pheromone amt depends on
arc length.
d) alpha = 0 ignore pheromone, only use path length
beta = 0 ignore path length, use only pheromone
e) i) Near-parameter free, ii) Max-min, iii) ACSGA, iv) Ant Colony System, v) Ant System
5. a) i) physical, ii) star, iii) social, iv) Von Neumann, v) ring
b) X2 = [27183645], V2 = {(1,3), (2,6), (4,7), (5,8)}
c) Create new tribe 4 consisting of:
- N connected to E in tribe 1
- N connected to E in tribe 2
Delete G2 in tribe 3.
6. a) Roulette can be dominated by 1 comparatively very fit individual.
Use Baker's Stochastic Universal Sampling.
No selection pressure at the end of run when fitnesses are all similar.
Use rank-based selection.
b) The permutation property is not preserved. For example, parents [12345] and [25134] with crossover
at index 3 produce children [12134] and [25345]. These are not valid permutations for TSP.
c) In order, Initialization, Parent selection, Crossover + mutation, Survivor selection, Termination
d) i) O(10!) ii) binary string of length 10. 1 at index i means include file i, 0 means don't.
iii) fitness = total playing time of the DVD
e) i) [54287361] and [16758423], ii) [18372645] and [4836275]