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SELECTED TABLES AND FIGURES
Miscellaneous
Factors for unit conversions
Atomic weights and numbers
Psychrometric (humidity) chart: SI units
Psychrometric (humidity) chart: U.S. customary units
Flammability limits, flash points, and autoignition temperatures
Selected physical property data (molecular weights, specific gravities of solids and liquids,
normal melting and boiling points, heats of fusion and vaporization, critical temperatures and
pressures, standard heats of formation and combustion)
Gas laws (PVT relations)
Gas constant (R)
Standard conditions for gases
Pitzer acentric factors
Compressibility charts
facing page
back cover
433
434
526
628–634
back cover
223
231
237–239
Vapor pressure data
Vapor pressure of water
Antoine equation constants
638–639
640–641
Thermodynamic data
Heat capacity formulas
Properties of saturated steam: Temperature table
Properties of saturated steam: Pressure table
Properties of superheated steam
Specific enthalpies of combustion gases: SI units
Specific enthalpies of combustion gases: U.S. customary units
Atomic heat capacities for Kopp’s Rule
Integral heats of solution and mixing at 25°C
635–637
642–643
644–649
650–651
652
652
653
653
Data for specific systems
Density vs. composition for H2SO4–H2O and C2H5OH-H2O liquid mixtures
Txy and Pxy diagrams for benzene-toluene mixtures
Solubilities of NaCl(s), KNO3(s), and Na2SO4(s) in H2O(l)
Hydrated MgSO4 salts
Triangular phase diagrams for water-acetone-methyl isobutyl ketone
Langmuir adsorption isotherm for CCl4 on activated carbon
Enthalpy-concentration diagram for H2SO4–H2O
Enthalpy-concentration diagram for NH3–H2O
219
297
301
303
309
312
447
451
Front cover photos: Some environments and products chemical engineers work on and with.
Top: Chemical plant (chemical, petrochemical, polymer, pharmaceutical, materials science and engineering, specialty
chemical development and manufacturing)
Below, left: Printed circuit boards (microelectronic materials development and manufacturing, nanotechnology)
Below, center left and center right: Nucleic acid and the human body (biotechnology, biochemical engineering, biomedical
engineering)
Below, right: Solar panels (clean fuel production and combustion, alternative energy sources)
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FACTORS FOR UNIT CONVERSIONS
Quantity
Equivalent Values
Mass
1 kg ˆ 1000 g ˆ 0:001 metric ton tonne† ˆ 2:20462 lbm ˆ 35:27392 oz
1 lbm ˆ 16 oz ˆ 5 10 4 ton ˆ 453:593 g ˆ 0:453593 kg
Length
1 m ˆ 100 cm ˆ 1000 mm ˆ 106 microns μm† ˆ 1010 angstroms ņ
ˆ 39:37 in ˆ 3:2808 ft ˆ 1:0936 yd ˆ 0:0006214 mile
1 ft ˆ 12 in ˆ 1=3 yd ˆ 0:3048 m ˆ 30:48 cm
Volume
1 m3 ˆ 1000 L ˆ 106 cm3 ˆ 106 mL ˆ 35:3145 ft3
ˆ 219:97 imperial gallons ˆ 264:17 gal ˆ 1056:68 qt
1 ft3 ˆ 1728 in3 ˆ 7:4805 gal ˆ 29:922 qt ˆ 0:028317 m3 ˆ 28:317 L
Density
1 g/cm3 ˆ 1000 kg/m3 ˆ 62:43 lbm /ft3
ˆ density of liquid water at 4°C reference for specific gravities†
Force
1 N ˆ 1 kgm/s2 ˆ 105 dynes ˆ 105 gcm/s2 ˆ 0:22481 lbf
1 lbf ˆ 32:174 lbm ft/s2 ˆ 4:4482 N ˆ 4:4482 105 dynes
Pressure
1 atm ˆ
ˆ
ˆ
ˆ
Energy
1 J ˆ 1 Nm ˆ 107 ergs ˆ 107 dynecm ˆ 1 kgm2 /s2
ˆ 2:778 10 7 kWh ˆ 0:23901 cal ˆ 0:23901 10
ˆ 0:7376 ftlbf ˆ 9:486 10 4 Btu
1:01325 105 N/m2 Pa† ˆ 101:325 kPa ˆ 1:01325 bar
1:01325 106 dynes/cm2 ˆ 14:696 lbf /in2 psi†
760 mm Hg at 0°C torr† ˆ 10:333 m H2 O l† at 4°C
29:921 inches Hg at 0°C ˆ 406:8 inches H2 O l† at 4°C
3
kcal food calorie†
1 W ˆ 1 J/s ˆ 1 Nm/s ˆ 0:23901 cal/s ˆ 0:7376 ftlbf /s
ˆ 9:486 10 4 Btu/s ˆ 1:341 10 3 hp
2:20462 lbm
1 lbm
Example: The factor to convert grams to lbm is
or
.
1000 g
453:593 g
Power
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