CONCRETE – is defined as the mixture of
water, cement, aggregates and admixture.
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The name concrete comes from
the latin word “Concretuse”
(meaning compact or
condensed).
Process known HYDRATION
solidifies and hardens the
concrete after mixing and
chemical.
TYPES OF CONCRETE
a) BASED IN WEIGHT,
CONCRETE CAN BE
CLASSIFIED INTO FOUR
CATEGORIES:
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ULTRA-LIGHT WEIGHT
CONCRETE (1200 kg/m^3)
LIGHT WEIGHT CONCRETE
(<1800 kg/m^3)
NORMAL WEIGHT CONCRETE
(2400 kg/m^3)
HEAVY WEIGHT CONCRETE
(>3200 kg/m^3)
b) BASED ON STRENGTH,
CONCRETE CAN ALSO BE
CLASSIFIED INTO FOUR
CATEGORIES:
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LOW STRENGTH CONCRETE
(< 20 MPA COMPRESSIVE
STRENTH)
MODERATE – STRENGTH
CONRETE (20 – 50 MPA
COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH)
HIGH STRENGTH CONCRETE
(50-200 MPA COMPRESSIVE
STRENGTH)
ULTRE HIGH STRENGTH
CONCRETE (>200 MPA
COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH)
USES OF CONCRETE
1) CONCRETE DAMS – used to
store water and produce
electricity. The loads imposed on
the dam due to water pressure
are very intense which makes
concrete as a suitable material
for dam construction.
2) RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS – the
construction of small buildings,
villas, and even high-rise
buildings are done using concrete
with traditional or modern formwork.
3) COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS –
the use of concrete in commercial
buildings makes it safe than
using most other construction
materials.
4) ROADS OR DRIVEWAYS –
concrete streets, pavement, and
driveways are more durable and
stronger than asphalt roadways.
5) MARINE CONSTRUCTION –
concrete has had extensive use
as a construction material for
seawalls, jetties, groins,
breakwaters, bulkheads, and
other structures exposed to
seawater.
6) CULVERTS AND SEWERS –
Sewers and underground
construction works need strong
and durable building materials
and concrete is the ideal one.
7) FOUNDATIONS – the
foundations of high-rise or lowrise buildings is usually
constructed using reinforced
cement concrete, as it is durable
and has a huge load-carrying
capacity.
8) FENCES – the development in
the precast concrete industry has
improved the industry has
improved the industry of concrete
fences.
9) CONCRETE BRIDGES –
reinforced concrete strength,
durability, ductility, weather
resistance, fire resistance and
long-lasting life cycle makes the
concrete the best solution for
constructing bridges.
FACTORS AFFECTING
CONCRETE STRENGTH
1) WATER/CEMENT RATIO
2) AGE AND CURING
CONDITIONS
3) AGGREGATES
4) ADMIXTURES