Human Body Systems Project
• You will need your laptop
• Log into Canvas and go to Health Science I
• Left column, click on Modules
• Look for Body Systems Project (information posted HERE!)
2.01 Understand the structures, functions and disorders of the skeletal system
HU40 Health Science I
Bell Ringer
• What do you think is the BEST material to build a house? Why?
a.
b.
c.
Wood
Straw
Bricks
• Do you know the names of any bones?
2.01 Understand the structures, functions and disorders of the skeletal system
HU40 Health Science I
Skeletal System
2.00 Understand the body’s support systems
2.01 Understand the structures, functions and disorders of the skeletal system
HU40 Health Science I
Bone Formation
Osteoblasts- bone forming
cells(immature)
Osteoclast- absorbs bone tissue during
growth/healing
Osteocytes-mature bone cells
Osteoblasts and osteocytes are involved
in the formation and mineralization of
bone; osteoclasts are involved in the
reabsorption of bone tissue
2.01 Understand the structures, functions and disorders of the skeletal system
HU40 Health Science I
Bone Formation
Fontanel- space between bones of the
skull from birth to 1 year of age.
Ossification- hardening of the bone
2.01 Understand the structures, functions and disorders of the skeletal system
HU40 Health Science I
Types of Bones
• Flat-protect internal organs
• Irregular- protect internal organs
• Long-support weight and
facilitate movement
• Short-provide stability
• Sesamoid-embedded in tendons
2.01 Understand the structures, functions and disorders of the skeletal system
HU40 Health Science I
Daily Warmup
• How many types of bones are there in the body?
• What is the purpose of each type of bone.
2.01 Understand the structures, functions and disorders of the skeletal system
HU40 Health Science I
Bell Ringer
• Go to Quizlet (link in Canvas)
• Study the vocabulary for the skeletal system
2.01 Understand the structures, functions and disorders of the skeletal system
HU40 Health Science I
Long Bone
• Diaphysis
• Epiphysis
• Medullary Canal
• Endosteum
• Periosteum
• Articular Cartilage
• Red Bone Marrow
• Yellow Bone Marrow
2.01 Understand the structures, functions and disorders of the skeletal system
HU40 Health Science I
Bell Ringer
2.01 Understand the structures, functions and disorders of the skeletal system
HU40 Health Science I
Axial Skeleton
• Skull
2.01 Understand the structures, functions and disorders of the skeletal system
HU40 Health Science I
Daily Warmup
• The shaft of a long bone is
called?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Epiphysis
Periosteum
Diaphysis
Marrow
• What structures make up the AXIAL
skeleton?
• Red blood cells are produced
where in the long bone?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Yellow marrow
Compact bone
Spongy bone
Red Bone Marrow
2.01 Understand the structures, functions and disorders of the skeletal system
HU40 Health Science I
Axial Skeleton
• Spinal Column
• Ribs and Sternum
2.01 Understand the structures, functions and disorders of the skeletal system
HU40 Health Science I
Axial Skeleton
• Spinal Column
Remember the number of bones in each by mealtimes
Cervical vertebra- 7 (breakfast)
Thoracic vertebra- 12 (lunch)
Lumbar vertebra- 5 (dinner)
Sacrum- 5 fused together
Coccyx – 4 fused together
2.01 Understand the structures, functions and disorders of the skeletal system
HU40 Health Science I
Bell Ringer
• What is the fatty substance inside the bone?
• What are the ends of the long bone called?
• The membrane that covers the outside of the bone?
2.01 Understand the structures, functions and disorders of the skeletal system
HU40 Health Science I
Bell Ringer
2.01 Understand the structures, functions and disorders of the skeletal system
HU40 Health Science I
Bell Ringer
• The axial skeleton makes up with bones?
• Which ribs are the “false” ribs and why?
• How many sections make up the spine? Which section do you think
works the hardest?
2.01 Understand the structures, functions and disorders of the skeletal system
HU40 Health Science I
Appendicular Skeleton
Shoulder Girdle
Clavicle
Scapula
Humerus
Radius
Ulna
Carpals
Metacarpals
Phalanges
2.01 Understand the structures, functions and disorders of the skeletal system
HU40 Health Science I
Appendicular Skeleton
Pelvic Girdle
Ilium
Ischium
Pubis
Femur
Patella
Tibia
Fibula
Tarsals
Metatarsals
Phalanges
Calcaneus
2.01 Understand the structures, functions and disorders of the skeletal system
HU40 Health Science I
1. What bone is a part of the
shoulder girdle?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Radius
Ulna
Clavicle
Metacarpals
2. Little Johnny had his hand
stepped on during a football
game, what bone or bones do
you think would be affected?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Radius
Metacarpals
Ulna
Humerus
3. Which bones are a part of the
AXIAL skeleton?
•
•
•
•
Parietal
Scapula
Humerus
Phalanges
4. Which of these bones are long
bones?
•
•
•
•
Mandible
Radius
Carpals
Frontal
2.01 Understand the structures, functions and disorders of the skeletal system
HU40 Health Science I
Warm Up
WITHOUT your notes (spelling does NOT count)
`
• LIST all the bones you can recall that make up the AXIAL skeleton.
• LIST all the bones you can recall from the Lower Extremity (leg)
• If you were to stub your toe on the corner of the couch or bed, what
bone do you think would be injured?
2.01 Understand the structures, functions and disorders of the skeletal system
HU40 Health Science I
Joints
Diarthroses-freely moveable
Ball and socket- allows most
movement- hip and shoulder
Hinge- can only move in one directionknee and elbow
Pivot- allow rotation- wrist and ankle
Amphiarthroses-slightly
moveable
Gliding-allow joint to glide over
one another- vertebrae
Synarthroses-Immovable
Fixed- No Movement- skull
sutures
HU40 Health Science I
Joints
Diarthroses-freely moveable
Ball and socket- allows most
movement- hip and shoulder
Hinge joints
Hinge- can only move in one directionknee and elbow
Pivot- allow rotation- wrist and ankle
Pivot Joints
HU40 Health Science I
Joints
Amphiarthroses-slightly
moveable
Gliding-allow joint to glide over
one another- vertebrae
Synarthroses-Immovable
Fixed- No Movement- skull
sutures
HU40 Health Science I
Warm up
• Which joints are classified as “ball and socket” joints?
• Which joints are classified as “gliding” joints?
• How would you described synarthroses joints?
2.01 Understand the structures, functions and disorders of the skeletal system
HU40 Health Science I
Functions of the Skeletal System
• Hemopoiesis-makes red blood
cells
• Mineral Storage-calcium and
phosphorus
• Movement-voluntary
• Protection-vital organs
• Support-muscles
2.01 Understand the structures, functions and disorders of the skeletal system
HU40 Health Science I
Fractures
• Greenstick- bone is splintered
• Most common in small children
• Treatment- cast or splint
2.01 Understand the structures, functions and disorders of the skeletal system
HU40 Health Science I
Fractures
• Simple - bone is broken. Skin
intact.
• Treatment with a cast or splint.
2.01 Understand the structures, functions and disorders of the skeletal system
HU40 Health Science I
Fractures
Compound- broken bone is
protruding through the skin
• Most serious type of fracture
• Can cause infection of the bone and
neighboring tissue
Treatment
• Surgery – Open reduction with
internal fixation. (ORIF)
2.01 Understand the structures, functions and disorders of the skeletal system
HU40 Health Science I
Fractures
Comminuted- bone is splintered
into many pieces
Treatment-surgery to replace
bone fragments
May involve external device to
hold the fragments together
2.01 Understand the structures, functions and disorders of the skeletal system
HU40 Health Science I
Fractures
Compression- A compression fracture is a
type of fracture or break in your vertebrae. The
vertebrae are the bones in your back that are
stacked on top of each other to make your
spine.
Treatment- Treatments include physical
therapy and medications to relieve pain. In rare
cases when symptoms are disabling, surgery
may be needed
2.01 Understand the structures, functions and disorders of the skeletal system
HU40 Health Science I
Fractures
Stress- Stress fractures are tiny cracks in a
bone — most commonly, in the weight-bearing
bones of the lower leg and foot.
* They're caused by repetitive force, often from
overuse
Treatment- Treatment includes a walking
boot, brace, or crutches to reduce the bone's
weight-bearing load
2.01 Understand the structures, functions and disorders of the skeletal system
HU40 Health Science I
Daily Warmup
What do you remember; answer without your notes
• What are the different types of fractures?
• What are the causes of a stress fracture?
• Do you remember what ORIF stands for?
2.01 Understand the structures, functions and disorders of the skeletal system
HU40 Health Science I
Agenda
Warm up:
• What are the different types of fractures?
• What are the causes of a stress fracture?
• Do you remember what ORIF stands for?
• Complete Module  Diseases and Disorders [link in Canvas]
• Complete the Quiz on Diseases and disorders
• Work on Skeletal System Project
2.01 Understand the structures, functions and disorders of the skeletal system
HU40 Health Science I
Treatment Procedures for fractures
• Closed reduction = cast or splint
• Bony fragments are brought into
alignment by manipulation and a cast
or splint is applied
• Open reduction = internal fixation
• Through surgical intervention, devices
such as wires, metal plates, or screws
are used to hold the bone in
alignment and a cast or splint may be
applied
• Traction
• Pulling force used to hold the bones
in place, used for fractures of long
bones. Involves weights and pulleys
to gently pull
e
2.01 Understand the structures, functions and disorders of the skeletal system
HU40 Health Science I
Disorders of Skeletal System
Arthritis- inflammation of the joints
Symptoms may include: Pain, Stiffness, Swelling, Redness, and Decreased range of
motion
Causes – Age, normal wear and tear.
Treatment - focuses on relieving symptoms and improving joint function.
2.01 Understand the structures, functions and disorders of the skeletal system
HU40 Health Science I
Disorders of Skeletal System
Osteoarthritis - The wearing down of
the protective tissue at the ends of
bones (cartilage) occurs gradually and worsens
over time.
Symptoms -Joint pain in the hands, neck,
lower back, knees, or hips is the most
common symptom.
Treatment - Medications, physical
therapy, and sometimes surgery can help
reduce pain and maintain joint movement.
2.01 Understand the structures, functions and disorders of the skeletal system
HU40 Health Science I
Rheumatoid arthritis An autoimmune disease in which the body's
immune system attacks the lining of the joint
capsule, a tough membrane that encloses all the
joint parts. The disease process can eventually
destroy cartilage and bone within the joint.
Symptoms - Over long periods of time, the
inflammation associated with rheumatoid
arthritis can cause bone erosion and joint
deformity.
Treatment - Self-care - Heating pad
Medications - Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory
drug (NSAIDs), Immunosuppressive drug, Anti
- inflammatory, and Steroids
Therapy Stretching and Physical therapy
Gout- crystalized uric acid build up
usually in big toe. Men are more likely to
get gout.
• Cause - too much uric acid in the
body.
• Symptoms - characterized by sudden,
severe attacks of pain, redness and
tenderness in joints.
• Treatment – Physical exercise, weight
loss, ice packs.
2.01 Understand the structures, functions and disorders of the skeletal system
HU40 Health Science I
Osteoporosis- softening of the
bone making it become porous.
• Cause - new bone creation doesn't
keep up with old bone removal.
• Symptoms - many people have no
symptoms until they have a bone
fracture.
• Treatment - medications, healthy diet,
and weight-bearing exercise to help
prevent bone loss or strengthen
already weak bones.
2.01 Understand the structures, functions and disorders of the skeletal system
HU40 Health Science I
Osteomalacia - a marked softening
of your bones, most often caused
by severe vitamin D deficiency. In
older adults can lead to fractures.
• Symptoms – in early stages,
might not have symptoms but as
it progresses, bone pain and
muscle weakness might develop.
• Treatment - vitamin D and
calcium, treating disorders that
might cause the condition.
Rickets – a softening and weakening
of bones in children.
• Cause - inadequate vitamin D
intake.
• Symptoms - include delayed
growth, bowlegs, weakness, and
pain in the spine, pelvis, and legs.
• Treatment - adding vitamin D or
calcium to the diet, medications,
or possibly surgery.
Daily Warmup
• What are the functions of the skeletal system? (critically think about EVERY function)
• Which of the following is classified as a cranial bone?
a)
b)
c)
d)
A. coccyx
B. pleura
C. sternum
D. occipital
• If an elderly person has back pain and has been losing their height, what type of fracture
may be suspected?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Comminuted
Compression
Greenstick
Simple
2.01 Understand the structures, functions and disorders of the skeletal system
HU40 Health Science I
• Joe woke up one morning with pain, redness and swelling in his big toe that he could hardly walk. When he
went to the doctor he was told he had this disorder:
a)
b)
c)
d)
Gout
Osteoarthritis
Osteoporosis
Bunion
• Pain and swelling in a joint that comes with age and wear and tear is called?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Osteoporosis
Osteomalacia
Osteoarthritis
Gout
• A vitamin D deficiency that can be found in young children is called?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Rickets
Osteomalacia
Osteoporosis
osteoarthritis
2.01 Understand the structures, functions and disorders of the skeletal system
HU40 Health Science I
Bunion – a bony bump that forms on the joint
at the base of your big toe. It occurs when
some of the bones in the front part of your foot
move out of place
• Cause - Wearing tight, narrow shoes,
can develop as a result of the shape of your foot,
a foot deformity or a medical condition, such as
arthritis.
• Symptoms - swelling, redness or soreness
around your big toe joint, ongoing pain or pain
that comes and goes
• Treatment - changing shoes, padding,
medications, shoe inserts, applying ice. Surgery Bunionectomy.
Hammertoe - an abnormal bend in the middle joint of
a toe.
• Causes - high-heeled shoes or footwear that's too
tight, an injury in which you stub, jam or break a
toe, imbalance which leads to instability and can
cause the toe to contract.
• Symptoms - abnormal bend in the joints of the toes.
When trying to move the affected toe it may be
difficult or painful.
• Treatment - change to roomier, more comfortable
footwear, wear shoe inserts (orthotics) or pads,
exercises to stretch and strengthen your toe
muscles. Surgery – Hammer toe repair.
Sprain - a stretching or tearing of ligaments — the tough
bands of fibrous tissue that connect two bones together
in your joints.
•
Cause – trauma, sprained ankle is the most
common type.
•
Symptoms – pain, swelling, bruising, limited ability
to move the affected joint, hearing or feeling a
"pop" in your joint at the time of injury.
•
Treatment - rest, ice, compression and elevation
(RICE). Severe sprains sometimes require surgery to
repair torn ligaments.
Sprains involves injury to ligaments while a Strain
involves injury to tendons.
Whiplash - a neck injury due to forceful, rapid
back-and-forth movement of the neck, like the
cracking of a whip, commonly caused by rear-end
car accidents.
•
Symptoms - Neck pain and stiffness. Most
people with whiplash get better within a few
weeks by following a treatment plan that
includes pain medication and exercise.
However, some people have chronic neck pain
and other long-lasting complications.
•
Treatment - over-the-counter medication and
at-home care. Others may need prescription
medication, specialized pain treatment or
physical therapy.
Spinal Defects
Curvatures
1. Kyphosis-hunchback-involves
thoracic spine
2. Lordosis- swayback- involves
lumbar spine
3. Scoliosis- S shaped- involves
thoracic and lumbar
2.01 Understand the structures, functions and disorders of the skeletal system
HU40 Health Science I
Spina Bifida - A birth defect in which a
developing baby's spinal cord fails to
develop properly or close properly while in
the womb. (Importance of Folic Acid)
• Symptoms • an abnormal tuft of hair, a birthmark, or
protruding spinal cord tissue may be seen
on the skin above the spinal defect.
• Bowel obstruction, constipation, or
leaking of stool
• muscle weakness, stiff muscles, or
overactive reflexes
• bedwetting, leaking of urine, or urinary
tract infection
• hunched back
• intellectual disability, nerve injury,
paralysis, paralysis of the body's lower
half, or physical deformity.
TreatmentWhen treatment is necessary, it's
done through surgery to close the
defect. Other treatments
focus on managing complications.
Works Cited
The Long and the Short of It: The Five Types of Bones. (n.d.)
https://www.visiblebody.com/learn/skeleton/types-of-bones
Diseases and Disorders of the Skeletal System. (n.d.) Osteoporosis
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-ap/chapter/diseases-and-disorders-of-the-skeletalsystem/
Nichols.Hannah. (2017). “What are the causes and types of arthritis?”
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/7621
Normal and Arthritic Joints. MedicineNet. (2010). https://www.medicinenet.com/arthritis/article.htm
Wikimedia Long Bone July 2020
https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?search=long+bones&title=Special%3ASearch&go=Go&ns
0=1&ns6=1&ns12=1&ns14=1&ns100=1&ns106=1#/media/File:603_Anatomy_of_Long_Bone.jpg
2.01 Understand the structures, functions and disorders of the skeletal system
HU40 Health Science I
Works
Cited
Wikimedia Axial Skeleton
https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?search=axial+Skeletaon&title=Special%3ASearch&go=Go
&ns0=1&ns6=1&ns12=1&ns14=1&ns100=1&ns106=1#/media/File:Axial_skeleton_diagram.svg
Wikimedia Skull July 2020
https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?sort=relevance&search=File%3AHuman+skull+front+bon
es.svg&title=Special:Search&profile=advanced&fulltext=1&advancedSearchcurrent=%7B%7D&ns0=1&ns6=1&ns12=1&ns14=1&ns100=1&ns106=1#/media/File:Illu_facial_bones.jp
g
https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?sort=relevance&search=File%3AHuman+skull+side+bone
s.svg&title=Special:Search&profile=advanced&fulltext=1&advancedSearchcurrent=%7B%7D&ns0=1&ns6=1&ns12=1&ns14=1&ns100=1&ns106=1#/media/File:Human_skull_side_
simplified_(bones).svg
2.01 Understand the structures, functions and disorders of the skeletal system
HU40 Health Science I
Works Cited
Wikimedia Spinal Column July 2020
https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Search&limit=20&offset=0&profile=default&
search=spinal+column&advancedSearchcurrent={}&ns0=1&ns6=1&ns12=1&ns14=1&ns100=1&ns106=1#/media/File:SagittalSpineVectorrecolored.svg
Wikimedia Appendicular Skeleton Shoulder Girdle July
2020https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?sort=relevance&search=human+arm&title=Special:S
earch&profile=advanced&fulltext=1&advancedSearchcurrent=%7B%7D&ns0=1&ns6=1&ns12=1&ns14=1&ns100=1&ns106=1#/media/File:Human_arm_bones
_diagram.svg
Wikimedia Appendicular Skeleton Pelvic Girdle July
2020https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?sort=relevance&search=human+legs&title=Special:S
earch&profile=advanced&fulltext=1&advancedSearchcurrent=%7B%7D&ns0=1&ns6=1&ns12=1&ns14=1&ns100=1&ns106=1#/media/File:Human_leg_bones_
labeled.svg
2.01 Understand the structures, functions and disorders of the skeletal system
HU40 Health Science I
Works Cited
Wikimedia Gout July
2020https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?search=gout&title=Special%3ASearch&go=Go&ns0=
1&ns6=1&ns12=1&ns14=1&ns100=1&ns106=1#/media/File:Gout_Signs_and_Symptoms.jpg
Wikimedia Osteoporosis July
2020https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?search=osteoporosis&title=Special%3ASearch&go=G
o&ns0=1&ns6=1&ns12=1&ns14=1&ns100=1&ns106=1#/media/File:Osteoporosis_--_Smart-Servier.jpg
Wikimedia Spinal Defects July
2020https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?sort=relevance&search=lordosis&title=Special:Searc
h&profile=advanced&fulltext=1&advancedSearchcurrent=%7B%7D&ns0=1&ns6=1&ns12=1&ns14=1&ns100=1&ns106=1&searchToken=azs4cn9070h9bzv
hu8q71nx2v#%2Fmedia%2FFile%3AVertebral_column_disorders__Normal_Scoliosis_Lordosis_Kyphosis_--_Smart-Servier.jpg
2.01 Understand the structures, functions and disorders of the skeletal system
HU40 Health Science I
Works
Cited
Wikimedia Dislocation July 2020
https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?sort=relevance&search=dislocation+of+joints+xray&title=Speci
al:Search&profile=advanced&fulltext=1&advancedSearchcurrent=%7B%7D&ns0=1&ns6=1&ns12=1&ns14=1&ns100=1&ns106=1&searchToken=4tgxx9op1alnkxwe4p56
934gb#%2Fmedia%2FFile%3AAC_Separation_XRAY_%28enhanced%29.png
Wikimedia Fractures July 2020
https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Search&limit=20&offset=20&profile=default&sear
ch=human+fractures&advancedSearchcurrent=%7B%7D&ns0=1&ns6=1&ns12=1&ns14=1&ns100=1&ns106=1#/media/File:202007_A_patient_under
going_fracture_treatment.svg
https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?sort=relevance&search=fractures&title=Special:Search&profile
=advanced&fulltext=1&advancedSearchcurrent=%7B%7D&ns0=1&ns6=1&ns12=1&ns14=1&ns100=1&ns106=1#/media/File:Upper_arm_bone_fractu
re_-_Humerus_fracture_--_Smart-Servier.jpg
https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?sort=relevance&search=fractures&title=Special:Search&profile
=advanced&fulltext=1&advancedSearchcurrent=%7B%7D&ns0=1&ns6=1&ns12=1&ns14=1&ns100=1&ns106=1#/media/File:Types_of_fracture.jpg
2.01 Understand the structures, functions and disorders of the skeletal system
HU40 Health Science I
Skeletal System Quiz
• Log into Canvas, click on 2.01 Skeletal System
• Access code is:
• You have 3 opportunities to get the BEST grade possible. Take it or leave it.
• Once you are DONE, please complete ANY missing work.
• ALL assignments DUE March 23, 2022!!
2.01 Understand the structures, functions and disorders of the skeletal system
HU40 Health Science I