India’s drop in TFR (70s till now) Improved access to education, healthcare, and economic opportunities for women, along with urbanization and changing societal norms, have played a role in reducing fertility rates in India. Analysts agree that the national family planning program appears to have had the single most important impact on changes in total fertility. Ala two child policy: • India does not have a national child policy as of July 2021. • Many local laws in India apply penalties for having more than two children. - aimed toward politicians, both current and aspiring. Under the policy, people running in panchayat (local government) elections can be disqualified if they have not respected the twochild policy. The idea behind the law is that ordinary citizens will look up to their local politicians and follow their family size example. Some local governments have gone a step further. There are laws in some states that apply penalties to ordinary citizens for having more than two children. These disincentives include denying government rights to children born after the second child. They may also deny state-provided healthcare for mothers and children, including nutritional supplements for pregnant women. • India's fertility rate is already down to 2.179 children per woman in 2021. • Local two-child laws in India have been criticized for being unnecessary, violating women's rights, and discriminating against Muslims.
