2 DEC 2023
Chemistry Rate of reaction (a must score essay)
General definition:
- Rate of reaction is the change of quantity of product/reactant
per unit time
Specific definition:
- Question will mention ‘based on the experiment’
- Example of answer:
o Rate of reaction is the changes in volume of hydrogen
gas produced over time
Five factors but usually four tested
- Pressure (not been tested yet)
- Size: total surface area expose to reaction/(acid used in the
experiment)
- Temperature: kinetic energy
- Catalyst: usually is copper(II)sulphate (remember to write ‘II’)
o Lowers activation energy
o Particles that collide are easier to achieve activation
energy
- Concentration: hydrogen ions per unit volume
Real life examples that are tested:
- French fries and wedges - size
- Satay - size
- Ice box for storing food – related to kinetic energy
Handy tip:
- If the question asks to compare between two experiments
o Must write ______________ in experiment one is higher
than experiment two
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Biology Chapter 3 Plasma membrane (must know)
Phospholipid molecules in phospholipid bilayer:
- Polar head (polar like magnet so can attract): attract water
(hydrophilic)
- Nonpolar tail (no polar so not like magnet): repels water
(hydrophobic)
In between the phospholipid bilayer, there are cholesterols
- Function: make the phospholipid bilayer stronger and more
flexible
If carbohydrate chain connects with lipid: glycolipid
If carbohydrate chain connects with protein: glycoprotein
Glycolipid and glycoprotein have same function:
- Stabilize the membrane by forming hydrogen bond with
water
- Act as antigen for cell identification (like passport)
Physics chapter 4 electromagnetism
F B I  Fleming’s Left Hand Rule
F B I  Fleming’s Right Hang Rule