SHREE SWAMINARAYAN ENGLISH MED, SALVAV
A PROJECT REPORT
ON
FOR
AISSCE 2022-23 EXAMINATION
(As a part of the CHEMISTRY)
SUBMITTED BY: DRAVYA.HARESHKUMAR. PATEL
ROLL NO:12
SEAT NO:
UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF: MRS.DIPIKA. SINGH
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CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the project entitled, ___ACID VS TEETH.
is a Bona-fide work done by DRAVYA.HARESHKUMAR.
PATEL of class
XII-Science
From SHREE SWAMINARAYAN GURUKUL, SALVAV
For session 2022-23
In partial fulfilment of
CBSE’s AISSCE Examination 2022-2023
has been carried out under my direct supervision and guidance.
This report or a similar report on this topic has not been
submitted for any other examination and does not from a part of
any other course undergone by the candidate.
SIGN OF EXTERNAL EXAMINER.
________________
SIGN OF INTERNAL EXAMINER
______________
SIGN OF PRINCIPAL
_________________________
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to express my deep sense of gratitude to my
chemistry teacher MRS.DIPIKA. SINGH for her
guidance and support in completing my project.
A special thanks to our principal mam MRS.MINAL.
DESAI for giving me the opportunity to do this project.
This project helped me in doing a lot of research and I
came to know about so many new things.
I am grateful to my parents who gave valuable
suggestion and guidance for the completion of my
project. They helped me finalising project in the limited
time frame.
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1. Acknowledgement
2. Introduction
3. What is tooth erosion?
4. How is tooth erosion caused?
5. How to prevent tooth erosion?
6. pH and tooth decay
7. Experiment
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You might want to think twice before taking another sip
of soda. Although our teeth are incredibly strong,
popular acidic drinks can damage our teeth over time.
Acidic drinks eat away at your tooth enamel, the outer
layer of your teeth. This erosion puts your smile at risk of
cavities — because the enamel doesn’t grow back!
Unfortunately, unlike other parts of our bodies, teeth
have no way of healing themselves. As the enamel
erodes, you may experience tooth sensitivity, be prone
to cavities and even experience some discoloration.
Erosion is different from tooth decay and is not caused
by sugar; instead, acids from foods and drinks
(sometimes stomach acid) soften the tooth directly. If
this happens often, the teeth may gradually wear away.
Acid plays a huge role in wearing away the enamel of
your teeth and the food and drink that you consume
determines how much acid your teeth are exposed to on
a daily basis. Anyone suffering from a health condition,
such as acid reflux or bulimia, may also see increased
tooth erosion as the teeth are also damaged by
exposure to stomach acids.
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Erosion is the wearing away of the tooth surface by an
acid, which dissolves the enamel and the dentine. There
are a variety of ways that tooth structure is lost.
Food-based dental erosion was first described in 1892
among Sicilian lemon pickers. Food and beverages can
dissolve tooth structure if they are acidic enough.
Gastric regurgitation is another source of acid that can
dissolve teeth. Exposure to environmental substances in
the air might also be a source of the erosive chemical.
While rare, some individuals have saliva that is acidic
enough to dissolve exposed dentin surface, and when it
is impossible to find the source, this is called idiopathic
erosion.
At its most basic tooth erosion is where the structure of
the tooth is damaged because the dental enamel has
been weakened. Enamel is a protective layer of hard
tissue that helps your teeth maintain their structure and
when this is worn away it exposes the core tissue of the
tooth (the ‘dentin’) underneath, which makes teeth look
discoloured.
The acid produced in the stomach during the digestive
process is sufficiently powerful to dissolve any food,
including bone and teeth. When the contents of the
stomach are regurgitated, the acid comes into contact
with the teeth. Any condition that causes repetitive
vomiting or regurgitation will cause erosion of teeth.
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People with diseases such as gastroesophageal reflux
disease (GERD)1, anorexia nervosa, and eating
disorders like bulimia suffer from tooth erosion. GERD is
quite common, and an average of 7% of adults
experience reflux daily. The leading cause of GERD is
increased acid production by the stomach.
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Acid plays a huge role in wearing away the enamel of
your teeth and the food and drink that you consume
determines how much acid your teeth are exposed to on
a daily basis. Anyone suffering from a health condition,
such as acid reflux or bulimia, may also see increased
tooth erosion as the teeth are also damaged by
exposure to stomach acids.
All food and drink contains a percentage of acid but
some are particularly bad, for example: all soft drinks
(including low sugar and diet), carbonated drinks, wine,
fruit juice, coffee, cocoa, fruit, honey, yoghurt and
pickles in vinegar.
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There are some very easy steps that you can take to
reduce the impact that food and drink has on your teeth
when it comes to acid erosion. Perhaps the most
obvious is to stop consuming carbonated drinks and opt
for water instead. If you do still drink carbonated drinks,
use a straw so that the liquid has less chance of
touching your teeth.
In general, don’t keep acidic foods in your mouth for
longer than is necessary to chew them – swallow them
quickly (although you must make sure they are chewed
enough to digest first). When you know you’ve just
consumed high acid food or drink, use water to
neutralise the acids in your mouth or try some sugar free
gum, as this will encourage your mouth to produce more
saliva and remineralise your teeth. Try only eating acidic
foods during meals, rather than as snacks, so that you
don’t constantly have acid attacking your teeth
throughout the day, and opt for a soft tooth brush and a
toothpaste with fluoride.
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Exactly What Is pH?
To put it simply, pH is a measure of acidity… The lower
the pH, the higher the acidity, and the higher the pH, the
higher the alkaline levels, or basicity. The pH scale runs
from 1 to 14, and in the middle of the scale is the neutral
number 7, being most like water.
This is where we want our mouths to be. While we know
that sugar feeds the bacteria that produces acids and
turns into cavities, it is actually prolonged acidic oral pH
that can cause tooth decay and a demineralization of
your enamel.
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EXPERIMENT
Abstract
Acid is a highly corrosive substance that is in all
batteries, many chemicals, and industrial wastes.
Surprisingly, it is also on many people's teeth! According
to the Merck Manual of Medical Information,
carbohydrates and sugars are the biggest culprits of
tooth decay.
It states that "all simple sugars including table sugar
(sucrose) and sugars in honey (levulose and dextrose),
fruit (fructose), and milk (lactose) have the same effect
on the teeth. Whenever sugar comes in contact with
plaque, streptococcus mutans bacteria in the plaque
produce acid." Interestingly, the bacteria and the sugar
do not directly cause the tooth decay. It is really the
acid, the by-product resulting from the bacteria
consuming the sugars, that causes tooth decay. Acid
demineralizes or dissolves teeth and cause tooth decay.
Thus, a tooth with decay should weigh less than a tooth
without decay
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Methods/Materials
1.The process of this experiment is as follows. 80 teeth
were gathered and cleaned of all stains, plaque, and
debris by special tools such as hand scalers, EMS
(electro-magnetic scalers), and polishers.
2.The teeth were blotted dry with lint-free Kim-Wipes
tissue and weighed on a Sartorius scale to 0.0001 gram.
3.They were then placed in 10 individual vials in 8
categories and labelled from control (pH7), pH2, pH3,
pH4, pH5, pH6, Neutral Sodium Fluoride, and
Acidulated Phosphate Fluoride.
4.The teeth were allowed to decay for about 2 months
before reweighing them on the same Sartorius scale in
the exact same manner.
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Results
According to Dentistry Today (November 2005), "acid
pH levels cause tooth surfaces to lose calcium and
phosphorous ions" which leads to decay.
Acid is able to start to damage teeth once the pH drops
below a 5. Acid essentially chelates and dissolves the
teeth. The teeth in solutions with pH4, pH5, and pH6
had very little change.
But, when the pH level dropped below pH4, the
demineralization process occurred at a much faster rate.
In fact, there is a 4-fold difference between pH2 and
pH6. Our study shows that there is a dramatic increase
in demineralization at pH under 4.
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Conclusions/Discussion
From my results I came to the conclusion that my
hypothesis was correct. The larger solutes exerted more
osmotic pressure on the water than the smaller solutes.
By researching my project's topic, I was able to apply it
to the function of the kidneys in the human body.
The nephron in the kidney is where membrane transport
to maintain the body fluids and blood concentration
occurs. One form of membrane transport is osmosis and
diffusion.
This project was to observe acid does affect the decay
of teeth. The more acid there is in the solution, the
greater is the amount of decay. The greatest destruction
occurs when the pH level drops below 4. Fluoride
definitely helps in reversing or minimizing the damaging
effect of tooth decay!
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• https://fairfielddentalarts.com/how-does-acid-affect-your-teeth/
• https://www.smilepad.co.uk/2014/09/09/how-does-acid-affect-yourteeth/
• https://www.orthodonticslimited.com/teeth/ph-levels-tooth-decay/
• https://www.slideshare.net/chiseldental/this-is-how-acid-affects-yourteeth
https://ostrowon.usc.edu/tooth-erosion/
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