NAVY EXPEDITIONARY WARFARE
SPECIALIST (EXW) STUDY GUIDE
UNIT SPECIFIC
EODMU12
Lunn, MattIT1 EODMU12
101 Unit Organization Fundamentals
101.1 Discuss the relationship of the following Commands: OPNAVNOTE 5400, Standard Naval
Distribution List
a. FLEET FORCES COMMMAND (FFC) ECH 2
b. NAVAL EXPEDITIONARY COMBAT COMMAND (NECC) ECH3
c. EOD Group TWO ECH 4
d. EODMUs & Type of DETS ECH 5
1. EOD MU 12 DET Dahlgren ECH 5
2. EOD MU 12 DET Earle
ECH 5
3. EOD MU 12 DET Newport ECH 5
e. MDSU 2 ECH 5
f. Training and Evaluation Units (TEU) 1 & 2 ECH 5
101.2 Discuss the job description of the following rates/NECs: NAVPERS 18068 VOL. 2, Navy
Enlisted Classifications
a. Explosive Ordnance Disposal Technician (EOD)
1. Basic (5333) [Pg. 115]
Performs EOD operations to include: location, identification, render safe and
disposal of foreign and domestic ordnance including conventional, chemical,
biological, nuclear, underwater, and improvised explosive devices enabling access
during military operations in support of Carrier and Expeditionary Strike Groups, Mine
Countermeasures, Naval Special Warfare, and Army Special Forces. Performs location
and identification of Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) and Improvised WMD.
Provides training and assistance for military, federal, state, and local civilian law
enforcement agencies in ordnance related Anti-Terrorism/Force Protection
procedures. Supports and conducts ordnance related intelligence collection and
counter-terrorism operations. Operates, maintains, and repairs specialized EOD and
combat equipment. Maintains required forms, records, correspondence and files.
Duties include performing open and closed circuit SCUBA diving, explosive
demolitions, parachuting, tactical delivery, and extraction by unconventional insertion
methods and small arms proficiency.
2. Senior (5335) [Pg. 115]
In addition to 5333 skills, also performs, supervises and provides training in
EOD operations
3. Master (5337) [Pg. 115]
In addition to 5335 also plans EOD operations.
b. Navy Diver (ND)
1. Second Class (5343) [Pg. 116]
Qualified to dive using all Air and Mixed Gas USN Diving Apparatus. Operates, tests,
repairs and adjusts all USN Diving Equipment, systems and support equipment.
Operates recompression chambers. Performs underwater inspections,
harbor/port/ship security inspections, including ordnance searching, Ship/submarine
repair, salvage, expeditionary salvage and littoral combat, rescue, special warfare
operations, underwater cutting and welding, demolition operations and small boat
operations. Operates Swimmer Delivery Vehicle Dry-Deck Shelter systems and
submarine Lock-in/Lock-out systems. Trained in Diving Physics and is able to recognize
symptoms of decompression sickness and diving accidents, and is able to assist in their
treatment.
2. First Class (5342) [Pg. 116]
Qualified to dive and supervise using Air and Mixed Gas USN Diving Apparatus.
Supervises the operation, tests, repairs and adjusts all USN Diving Equipment, systems
and support equipment. Supervises recompression chambers operation, diagnoses and
treats diving related injuries. Supervises underwater inspections, harbor/port/ship
security inspections, including ordnance searching, Ship/submarine repair, salvage,
expeditionary salvage and littoral combat, rescue, special warfare operations,
underwater cutting and welding, demolition operations and small boat operations.
Operates and Supervises Swimmer Delivery Vehicle Dry-Deck Shelter systems,
submarine Lock-in/Lock-out systems and submarine rescue chambers. Trains USN, DOD
military and other personnel in diving Procedures equipment and systems. Trained in
advanced diving physics, medicine and saturation diving techniques. Dives and
performs underwater demolition for the purpose of open ocean salvage, ship
husbandry, or underwater construction operations. Employs the principle and
techniques of precision demolition in projects requiring cutting, flattening and/or
removing of pilings, obsolete moorings, or other obstructions in channels, harbors,
open oceans, or other areas of concern. Operates, maintains, and supports
saturation/deep dive systems and equipment
3. Master Diver (5341) [Pg. 114]
Most qualified person to direct and supervise diving, salvage, ship repair operations
and diving programs. Directly responsible to the Commanding Officer for all facets of
command diving operations and programs, to include training, equipment, systems,
personnel, operations. Develops, updates and oversees diving programs. Manages the
development, operation, testing, repair and certification of all USN Diving Equipment,
systems and support equipment. Directs the treatment of all diving related injuries,
including recompression chamber operations, casualty control operations and mishap
reporting procedures. Directs underwater inspections, harbor/port/ship security
inspections, including ordnance searching, Ship/submarine repair, salvage,
expeditionary salvage and littoral combat, rescue, special warfare operations,
underwater cutting and welding, demolition operations and small boat operations.
Directs and Supervises Swimmer Delivery Vehicle Dry-Deck Shelter systems,
submarine Lockin/Lock-out systems and submarine rescue chambers. Develops
training programs and qualifies personnel in diving equipment, systems and
procedures. Trained in advanced diving physics, medicine, differential diagnosis and
saturation diving techniques. Directs and supervises surface and underwater
demolition operations for salvage, ship husbandry, or underwater construction
operations. Employs the principle and techniques of precision demolition in projects
requiring cutting, flattening and/or removing of pilings, obsolete moorings, or other
obstructions in channels, harbors, open oceans, or other areas of concern. Supervises
the operation, maintenance, and certification of deep dive systems and equipment.
c. Scuba Diver (5345) [Pg. 117]
Performs duties using SCUBA. Conducts day and night general underwater search,
detailed ship-bottom search and routine inspection using underwater compass, depth
indicators, and associated underwater equipment. Performs adjustments and field
shop maintenance on SCUBA and underwater accessories. Knows the laws of diving
and physics and is able to recognize all types of decompression sickness and diving
accidents.
d. Marine Mammal Systems Handler (5348) [Pg. 117]
Performs specialized duties in connection with operations using marine mammals.
Responsible for the care, welfare, and continuous training of assigned marine
mammals to ensure physical condition and behavioral proficiency is maintained.
Operates sophisticated navigational equipment and small craft. Performs diving
duties. Prepares and maintains administrative reports and animal health records
associated with the use of marine mammals.
102 Admin Fundamentals
[a] NAVPERS 15560, Naval Military Personnel Manual
[b] OPNAVINST 5510.30A, Department of the Navy Information and Personnel Security Program
[c] SECNAVINST 5216.5D, Department of the Navy Correspondence Manual
[d] Local Directives
[e] SECNAVINST 5210.11D, Department of the Navy Standard Subject Identification Codes (SSIC)
[f] NTP 3, Telecommunications User's Manual
[g] NWP 1-03.1 Operational Reports
[h] EODB 60A-1-1-7, Field Evaluation and Intelligence
[i] DOD 4500.54, Foreign Clearance Guide
[j] OPNAVINST 3721.20B, DOD Notice to Airman (NOTAMS) System
[k] CJCS Manual 3122.02, Managing, Integrating, and Using Joint Deployment Information
Systems
[l] NOSSAINST 8023.11, Standard Operating Procedures Development, Implementation and
Maintenance for Ammunition and Explosives
[m] FM 6-99.2, U.S. Army Report and Message Formats
[n] FM 4-30.51 Unexploded Ordnance (UXO) Procedures
[o] OPNAVINST 3100.6G, Special Incident Reporting (OPREP-3) Procedures
[p] OPNAVINST 4631.2D, Management of DON Airlift Assets
[q] COMEODGRUONE/TWOINST 3500.2, After Action Reports
[r] Fleet Intelligence Collection manual (FICM), ONI 1200-003-02
102. Discuss the purpose and contents of the left and right sides of the Enlisted Service Record.
[Ref. a, Ch. 1070-100]
102.2 Discuss the general format of the following types of correspondence: [Ref. c]
a. Naval letter [Ch. 2, Sect. A, Pg. 33]
Use the standard letter or one of its variations to correspond officially with addresses
in the DOD.
b. Memorandum [Ch. 2, Sect. D, Pg. 71]
A memorandum provides an informal way to correspond within an activity or
between DON activity or between DON activities. Subordinates may use it to correspond
directly with each other on routine official business.
c. E-mail [Ch. 1, Sect. D, Pg. 21]
E-mail lets individuals and activities exchange information by computer. You may use
it for informal communications in place of telephone calls or to transmit formal
correspondence with the DOD.
102.3 Discuss the functions of the following parts of the Naval letter/memorandum: [Ref. c., Ch. 2, Sect.
A, Pg. 33 and D, Pg. 71]
a. SSIC/serial number
b. Security classification
c. From line
d. To line
e. Via line
f. Subject line
g. Reference line
h. Enclosure line
i. Text
j. Signature
k. Copy to line
102.4 Discuss the internal routing of incoming and outgoing Naval correspondence. [Ref. d
For letters and memorandums: Drafter to COC to Admin to TRAID (Please note that
certain correspondence, due to the sensitivity of the contents may skip parts of the internal
routing.
Naval Emails are distributed by the C2OIX (Command and Control Office Information
Exchange).
102.5 Discuss the speed of service objectives for the following message precedence: [Ref. f, Pg. 3-1]
a. Routine- Within 6 hours
b. Priority- Within 3 hours
c. Immediate- Within 30 minutes
d. Flash- Within 10 minutes
102.6 Discuss the purpose of the date time group. [Ref. f, Pg. 5-5]
The Date Time Group (DTG) is a set of characters, usually in a prescribed format, used
to express the year, the month, the day of the month, the hour of the day, the minute of the
hour, and the time zone, if different from Coordinated Universal Time (UTC).
DDHHMM (Z)MONYY
102.7 Discuss the purpose of the following address components in a message: [Ref. f, Pg. 6-3]
a. From line
b. To line
c. Info line
d. XMT line
102.8 Discuss the general format of a GENADMIN message. [Ref. f, Ann. A102, Fig. A-21]
GENEADMIN- Message used to provide administrative information and is intended to provide
for reporting information not yet accommodated by formatted messages. They are not
intended to replace existing messages. Message must be labeled as GENADMIN so the
computer processing systems can process correctly.
102.9 Discuss the purpose and use of AIGs and CADs in communications. [Ref. f, Pg. 6-3]
AIG- Address Indicating Group, address designator representing a list of the specific and
frequently recurring combination of ACTION and/or INFORMATION addresses.
CAD- Collective Address Designator, a single address group which represents a set of four or
more activities linked by an operational or administrative Chain of Command.
102.10 Discuss the contents and submitting requirements of the following: [Ref. g, Pg. 4-2]
a. Initial Casualty Report- Identifies, to an appropriate level of detail, the status of the casualty
and the parts and/or assistance requirements. The information is essentially to allow
operational and staff authorities to apply resources at the proper priority. Must be submitted
for equipment malfunction or deficiency which cannot be correct within 48 hours and:
Which may cause lose to primary mission
Reduce Unit’s ability to perform secondary mission
Reduces a training Command’s ability to perform its’ mission
b. Update Casualty Report- Contains information like that submitted in the INITIAL CASREP
and/or submit changes to previously submitted information.
c. Correction Casualty Report- Submitted when equipment which had been the subject of the
CASREP is repaired and back in operational condition.
d. Cancellation Casualty Report- Submitted when equipment that had been damaged is
scheduled to be replaced.
102.11 Discuss the purpose of a LOGREQ request and the time frame when submitting one. [Ref. g, Pg.
7-1]
Request for logistical needs and must be submitted at least 48 hours prior.
102.12 Discuss the purpose of the following messages and the general situations and timelines in which
each would be submitted:
a. OPREP 3, Navy Blue [Ref. o, Pg. 4-1 thru 4-6]- Used to provide the CNO and other
appropriate commands with information concerning incidents of military, political, or press
interest which are of high Navy interest.
b. OPREP 3, Unit SITREP [Ref. o, Pg. 5-1 thru 5-3] – Used to inform Operational Commander, or
appropriate higher authority, of incidents not meeting OPREP-3 Navy Blue criteria.
c. Request for Information (RFI) [Ref. r, Ch. 24, Sect. K]- Formal request for Information used
by Units for planning and situation knowledge.
d. After Action Report (AAR) [Ref. q, para. 4] Report of results of a Mission or Incident. Lessons
learned.
102.13 Discuss the purpose of TPFDD. [Ref. k, Encl. 3, Pg. C-1 thru C-6]
Time Phased Deployment and Deployment Data - The time-phased force and deployment
data, non-unit cargo and personnel data, combined with movement data for the operation
plan, operation order, or ongoing rotation of forces.
102.14 Discuss the purpose of the following 9-line reports:
a. MEDEVAC [Ref. m, Pg. 141]
LINE 1 – LOCATION __________________________________________(UTM or six-digit grid
coordinate with MGRS grid zone designator of pickup site location)
LINE 2 – RADIO FREQUENCY AND CALL SIGN __________________(radio frequency at
pickup site; call sign, and suffix)
LINE 3 – NUMBER OF PATIENTS _______________________________(number of patients
by precedence: A. urgent B. urgent-surgery C. priority D. routine E. convenience)
LINE 4 – SPECIAL EQUIPMENT ________________________________( A. none
______________ T __ ____ __ B. hoist C. extraction equipment D. ventilator)
LINE 5 – NUMBER OF PATIENTS _______________________________(total number of
patients by type: L+ # of patients – litter A+ # of patients – ambulatory)
LINE 6A – SECURITY OF PICKUP SITE __________________________(wartime: N. no enemy
troops in area P. possibly enemy troops in area [approach with caution] E. enemy troops in
area [approach with caution] X. enemy troops in area [armed escort required]) LINE 6B –
NO. TYPE OF WOUND, INJURY, OR ILLNESS ___________(peacetime: specific information
regarding patient wounds by type)
LINE 7 – METHOD OF MARKING AT PZ _________________________(marking method: A.
panels B. pyrotechnic signal C. smoke signal D. none E. other)
LINE 8 – PATIENT NATIONALITY ______________________________(patient nationality: A.
U.S. military B. U.S. citizen C. non-U.S. military D. non-U.S. citizen E. enemy prisoner of war)
LINE 9A – CBRN CONTAMINATION ___________________________ (wartime: C. chemical B.
biological R. radiological N. nuclear A. all clear)
LINE 9B – TERRAIN DESCRIPTION ____________________________ (peacetime: description
of terrain features at the proposed pickup site)
MEDEVAC is used to request evacuation of sick and wounded personnel by other than USAF fixedwing assets. This report is similar to the NATO medical evacuation request.
b. Explosive Hazards (UXO) Spot Report [Ref. n, Para. 4-1]
Line 1. Date-Time Group. The DTG that the item was discovered.
Line 2. Reporting Unit and Location. The unit identification code (UIC) of the reporting
activity unit and the location of the explosive hazard in an 8-digit grid coordinate.
Line 3. Contact Method. Provide the radio frequency, the call sign, the point of contact,
and the telephone number.
Line 4. Type of Munition. Note the size, quantity, type of ordnance (dropped, projected,
placed, or thrown), and subgroup, if available. Note if antihandling devices were used.
Indicate the emplacement method and type of initiation device.
Line 5. CBRN Contamination. - If present, be as specific as possible. (Chemical agent
monitor (CAM) detected G Agent at 3 bars; Soldiers are experiencing symptoms of Nerve
agent etc….)
Line 6. Resources Threatened. Report any equipment, facilities, or other assets that are
threatened.
Line 7. Impact on Mission. Provide a short description of your current tactical situation
and how the presence of the explosive hazard affects your status (for example, delayed,
diverted, cancelled).
Line 8. Protective Measures Taken. - Describe measures taken to protect personnel and
equipment. (Personnel evacuated to 300M, marked, Sandbag barrier constructed etc…)
Line 9. Recommended Priority (Immediate, Direct, Minor, No Threat). Recommend a
priority for response by EOD. Ensure that the priority requested corresponds with the
tactical situation you described on line 7 of the report (Impact on Mission). These
priorities refer only to e explosive hazard’s impact on your current mission. A priority of
MINOR or NO THREAT does not mean that the explosive hazard is not dangerous.
The EH spot report (formally known as the UXO spot report) is a detailed, swift, reporting
system that makes clear where the UXO hazard areas are, what their priorities are, and which
units are affected by them. The report is used to request help in handling a UXO hazard that is
beyond a unit’s ability to handle and that affects the unit’s mission. This report helps the
commander set priorities based on the battlefield situation. If tactically feasible add a digital
photo to the Spot Report. Digital photos can greatly assist EOD personnel in identifying UXO
and therefore providing any subsequent recommendations to the reporting unit.
103 Night Vision Fundamental
[a] SW215-AK-MMO-010, AN/PVS-7C Night Vision Goggles
[b] SOFSP1-05-GOPM-00024-00, AN/PVS-15 Night Vision Goggles
[c] SW215-BD-MMO-010, AN/PVS-18 Night Vision System, Monocular
103.1 For the AN/PVS-7C Night Vision Goggles, provide the following: [Ref. a]
a. Discuss the general description. [Para. 1-2] -The tactical PVS15 Binocular Night Vision
Is a dual tube night vision goggle which offers outstanding depth perception and
supportability. The PVS15 utilizes MIL SPEC optics. Switching from one mounting
system to another can be accomplished by the end user within minutes. Power for the
P15 is supplied via one AA battery or 1 each 3v Lithium (extended operations). The
P15 also uses standard parts and accessories for simplified in-the-field supportability .
These parts include demist shields, sacrificial windows, LIFs, lens caps, eyecups, neck
cord, soft case, head or helmet mount, IR spot/flood lens, 3X magnifiers & compass
assembly
103.2 For the AN/PVS-15 Night Vision Goggles, provide the following: [Ref. b]
Refer to N7 for this information.
103.3 For the AN/PVS-18 Night Vision Goggles, provide the following: [Ref. c]
Refer to N7 for this information.
104 Hazards of Electromagnetic Radiation To Ordnance (HERO)
[a] OP 3565, Electromagnetic and Radiation Hazards, Vol. 2
104.1 Define the following terms: [Ref. a]
a. EMR [App. A, Pg. A-3] Electromagnetic Radiation (EMR) - The emission of
electromagnetic energy from a finite region in the form of unguided waves.
b. HERO safe [Ch. 5, Pg. 5-1] Any ordnance item that is proven by test or analysis to be
sufficiently shielded, or otherwise so protected that all electrically initiated devices
(EIDs) contained by the item are immune to adverse effects (safety or reliability) when
the item is employed in the radio frequency environment delineated in MIL-STD-464
(series).
c. HERO susceptible [Ch. 5. Pg. 5-1] Any ordnance containing electrically initiated
devices (EIDs) proven by test or analysis to be adversely affected by radio frequency
energy to the point that the safety and/or reliability of the system is in jeopardy when
the system is employed in the radio frequency environment delineated in MIL-STD464 (series).
d. HERO unreliable [Ch. 5, Pg. 5-1] Any electrically initiated ordnance item, including
those having a HERO SAFE ORDNANCE or HERO SUSCEPTIBLE ORDNANCE
classification, whose performance is degraded when exposed to the radio frequency
environment, is defined as being HERO UNRELIABLE ORDNANCE when its internal
wiring is physically exposed; when tests are being conducted on the item that result in
additional electrical connections to the item; when electrically initiated devices (EIDs)
having exposed wire leads are present, handled, or loaded in any but the tested
condition; when the item is being assembled or disassembled; or when such ordnance
items are damaged causing exposure of internal wiring or components or destroying
engineered HERO protective devices.
Ordnance items containing electrically initiated devices (EIDs), whose performance is
degraded due to exposure to the radio frequency environment, which have not been
classified as HERO SAFE or SUSCEPTIBLE by either test or design analysis are HERO
UNRELIABLE ORDNANCE and are subject to the restrictions of chapter 2, figure 2-2.
Items that fall into this classification may be exempted from being classified as HERO
UNRELIABLE ORDNANCE as the result of HERO tests conducted to determine specific
susceptibility.
e. HERO unsafe [Ch. 5, Pg. 5-1] Any electrically initiated ordnance item, including those
having a HERO SAFE ORDNANCE or HERO SUSCEPTIBLE ORDNANCE classification,
whose inadvertent initiation or detonation causes an immediate catastrophic event
that has the potential to either destroy equipment or injure personnel, is defined as
HERO UNSAFE ORDNANCE; when its internal wiring is physically exposed; when tests
are being conducted on the item that result in additional electrical connections to the
item; when electrically initiated devices (EIDs) having exposed wire leads are present,
handled, or loaded in any but the tested condition; when the item is being assembled
or disassembled; or when such ordnance items are damaged causing exposure of
internal wiring or components or destroying engineered HERO protective devices. b.
Ordnance items containing electrically initiated devices (EIDs), whose inadvertent
initiation or detonation causes an immediate catastrophic event that has the potential
to either destroy equipment or to injure personnel, which have not been classified as
HERO SAFE or SUSCEPTIBLE by either test or design analysis are HERO UNSAFE
ORDNANCE and are subject to the restrictions of chapter 2, figure 2-2. Items that fall
into this classification may be A4.
f. Shielding [App. A, Pg. A-7] A housing, screen, or other object, usually conducting, that
substantially reduces the magnitude of electric or magnetic fields on one side thereof,
upon devices or circuits on the other side.
g. EMCON [App. A, Pg. A-9] The emissions control of high-powered transmitters to
remove or reduce to safe levels electromagnetic radiation in those areas where HERO
SUSCEPTIBLE, HERO UNRELIABLE, or HERO UNSAFE ORDNANCE is being handled or
loaded.
104.2 Discuss safe separation distance for radio and cellular phone communications to HERO
safe/susceptible/unreliable/unsafe ordnance. [Ref. a, Ch. 2, Pg. 2-1 thru 2- 26]
All operators/users of mobile and portable transmitter systems (such as cellular phones,
citizens band radios, and pagers who have access to or are able to pass close to ordnance
operation areas (e.g., storage and assembly areas)) must know and understand the HERO
UNSAFE or HERO UNRELIABLE and HERO SUSCEPTIBLE ORDNANCE safe separation distance
requirements for the transmitters under their control. These distances must be maintained
between ordnance operation areas and the transmitter system; otherwise, the transmitter
system must be turned off.
The sources for electromagnetic environment (EME) levels that exist at ship and shore
facilities have been collected during Hazards of Electromagnetic Radiation to Ordnance
(HERO), Hazards of Electromagnetic Radiation to Personnel (HERP), and flight deck EME
surveys and that data can be found within the survey reports. In addition, main-beam
calculations can be obtained once the transmitter and antenna specifications are known.
These data can be found in transmitter databases, manufacturers’ data sheets, technical
manuals, HERO reports, HERP reports, and flight-deck EME survey reports.
105 Communication Fundamental
[a] NAVEDTRA 14088, Electronics Technician, Vol. 3
[b] NAVEDTRA 14092, Electronics Technician, Vol. 7
[c] NAVEDTRA 14226, Information Systems Technician Training Series, Mod. 5
[d] NTP 3, Telecommunications Users Guide
[e] EKMS 1, CMS Policy and Procedures for navy Electronic Key Management System
[f] Manufacturers Technical Manual
105.1 Discuss the basic principles of radio frequency communications. [Ref. a, Pg. 1-1 thru 1-5]
The primary means of communicating between ships and between ships and stations is known
as telecommunications. Telecommunications refers to communications over a distance and
includes any transmission, emission, or reception of signals, writing, images, and sounds.
Intelligence produced by visual or oral means or by wire, radio, or other electromagnetic
systems is also included. Electrical, visual, and sound telecommunications are all used by the
Navy. In this volume we will discuss electrical types of telecommunications.
105.2 Discuss theory, types, construction and selection of HF antennas. [Ref. b, Ch. 2, Pg. 2-7 thru
2-13]
High-frequency (hf) radio antenna systems are used to support many different types of
circuits, including ship-to-shore, point-to-point, and ground-to-air broadcast. These diverse
applications require the use of various numbers and types of antennas that we will review on
the following pages
Types: Yagi, Vertical Monopole LPA, LPAs, Inverted Cone Antenna, Conical Monopol Antenna.
105.3 Discuss radio voice procedures. [Ref. c, Pg. 2-1 thru 2-10]
Unless using secure voice communications equipment, you must assume that everything you
say when using R/T is being intercepted. The inherent dangers of interception can be
significantly reduced by adhering to the principles of strict circuit discipline. R/T transmissions
should be as short and concise as possible without sacrificing clarity. It is important that all
personnel using voice communications be instructed in the proper use of the handset and R/T
equipment. They must also be cautioned on the likelihood of transmission intercept.
Adherence to prescribed operating procedures is mandatory! Deviations from these
procedures create confusion, reduce reliability and speed, and tend to nullify security
precautions. Once you know the proper operating procedures, you can use your initiative and
common sense to satisfy specific operating requirements.
105.4 Discuss basic message traffic format [Ref. d, Ann. A, Pg. A-1 thru A-4]
Messages must have DTGs, Plain Language Addresses, Classifications, and Body.
105.5 Discuss the methods and roles of SATCOM. [Ref. a, Pg. 3-2 thru 3-3]
SATCOM links, one of several kinds of long-distance communications links, interconnect
communications centers located strategically throughout the world. These SATCOM links are
part of the Defense Satellite Communications System (DSCS) and Fleet Satellite
Communications. Satellite communications systems are very important to the worldwide
military communications network for two primary reasons. First, they continue to operate
under conditions that cause problems for other methods of communication. Second, they
provide reliable and secure communications to previously inaccessible areas. In many cases,
these communications requirements can only be satisfied by sophisticated satellite
communications systems. By satisfying such needs, SATCOM makes a significant contribution to
the improved reliability of naval communications.
105.6 Discuss the purpose and use of DAMA [Ref a. Pg. 3-15 thru 3-16]
DAMA- Demand Assigned Multiple Access allows for multiple channels of communication to
be transmitted on the same frequency at different intervals.
105.7 Discuss the Characteristics of the following antenna types [Ref. b, Ch. 2]
Whip - Hf whip antennas (fig. 2-23) are vertically-polarized omnidirectional monopoles that
are used for short-range, ship-to-shore and transportable communications systems. Whip
antennas are made of tubular metal or fiberglass, and vary in length from 12 feet to 35 feet,
with the latter being the most prevalent. Although whips are not considered as highly
efficient antennas, their ease of installation and low cost provide a compromise for receiving
and low-to-medium power transmitting installations.
SATCOM/directional - Provide communications between units via Satellites.
105.8 Discuss the following CMS terms: [Ref. e]
a. PDS (Pg. 306 thru 310) Practices Dangerous to Security- a procedure that has the potential
to jeopardize the security of COMSEC material if allowed to continue.
There are two types of PDSs: Reportable and Non-Reportable
Non-Reportable examples: Improperly completed reports, Improper physical COMSEC
keys transfer, improper shipping of COMSEC material.
Reportable examples- Erroneously reporting COMSEC keys have been destroyed,
Inadvertent destruction of material.
b. COMSEC incident (Pg. 278 thru 283) - Any uninvestigated or unevaluated occurrence that
has the potential to jeopardize the security of COMSEC material or the secure
transmission of classified or sensitive government information; OR any investigated or
evaluated occurrence that has been determined as not jeopardizing the security of
COMSEC material or the secure transmission of classified or sensitive government
information. COMSEC incidents and insecurities are categorized as cryptographic,
personnel, or physical.
c. Emergency destruction (Pg. 476 thru 487) – Authorization to destroy COMSEC Keys in the
event of the potential compromise from outside forces and must be incorporated into the
Emergency Action Plan. Causes that may lead to emergency destruction include hostile
action or natural disasters that may destroy physical security.
d. Routine destruction (Pg. 130 thru 142) – Destruction that should be conducted frequently
and excess COMSEC material disposed of in accordance with department or agency
directives.
e. TPI (Pg. 97 thru 102) – Two Person Integrity. The use of two people when dealing with
material that is at the level of Top Secret. Used for accountability purposes.
f.
CCI (Pg. 43) - A secure telecommunications or information handling equipment, or
associated cryptographic component that is unclassified but governed by a special set of
control requirements. Such items are marked "CONTROLLED CRYPTOGRAPHIC ITEM" or,
where space is limited, "CCI".
g. SF-153 (Pg. 360) - Multi-purpose form used to record COMSEC material transactions (e.g.,
transfer, destruction, inventories, issues).
h. Regular suppression (Pg. 44) - Keying material that is superseded on a regular, predetermined date for each edition of material regardless of whether or not the material
has been used.
i.
Emergency suppression (Pg. 45) - An unforeseen and urgent operational requirement, as
determined by the Commanding Officer, which requires the immediate suppression of
COMSEC material.
105.9 Discuss the Characteristics, limitations and applications of the following radios in use by EOD:
[Ref. f.]
1. 152/152 A – VHF/UHF SATCOM Radio, Primary Inter-Group Radio. Uses YAGI and Whip
Antenna
2. 160 – HF Radio, Used for Over the horizon communication. Uses 11 FT Whip Antenna.
Man-Pack.
3. 117 G – VHF/ UHF SATCOM Radio. Used form Point to Point communications. Uses
standard whip Antenna. Man-Pack.
106 Small Boat Fundamental
[a] NAVEDTRA 14343, Boatswain’s Mate
[b] NSTM S9008-BS-BIM-010 Boats and Small Craft (24 MAR 98)
[c] NWP 3-50.1 (Rev. A), Naval Search and Rescue (SAR) Manual
[d] Boat Information Book (BIB) (Your command Pubs. Boat specific)
106.1/2/5/6 Discuss the basic Characteristics of small boats at your command. [Ref. d, Pg.]
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
8.5 M, Boston Whaler, larger deck space, inboard motor.
9 M, 920 Hurricane, aluminum hull, inboard motor.
8.5 M, United States Marine Incorporated (USMI), can carry 14k extra weight.
11 m, Jet drive motor.
11m, USMI, jet drive motor, can fully deflate.

All of these can be ship-loaded with the exception of the 920 Hurricane.
106.3 Explain the use of the following: [Ref. a]
a. Sea painter [Pg. 3-2] - A line led well forward on the ship to a boat alongside. The sea painter
is secured by passing the line around the inboard cleat on the boat and then laying the eye of
the line over the standing part; it is then secured by passing a fid or toggle over the eye and
under the standing part of the line.
b. Bow/stern lines [Pg. 5-1 thru 5-17] - the bow line keeps the bow near the dock, the stern line
holds the stern close to the dock
c. Steadying lines [Pg. 5-1 thru 5-17] – prevent the boat from swaying when moored to the
pier.
d. Manropes (monkey lines) [Pg. 5-9 and 5-11] -A safety line made up with a series of overhand
or figure eight knots evenly spaced to assist personnel climbing up and down.
e. Deadman [Pg. 5-1 thru 5-17] an object fixed on shore to hold a mooring line temporarily
f. Boat hook [Pg. 5-1 thru 5-17] a hook mounted at the end of a pole, used to pull or push
boats toward or away from a landing, to pick up a mooring
g. Grapnel [Pg. 5-1 thru 5-17] a small anchor with three or more flukes used for grappling or
dragging or for anchoring a small boat
h. Towing bridle/lines [Pg. 5-1 thru 5-17] a bridle with a hook in the center to which a towline
is fastened when two boats are towed abreast
i. Fenders [Pg. 5-1 thru 5-17] cushions that prevent a boat from being damaged by
rubbing/impacting a dock (when the boat's tied up) or from being hurt by contact with
another boat (when multiple boats are tied/rafted together)
j. Life ring [Pg. 5-1 thru 5-17] a life preserver in the form of a ring of buoyant material
k. Boarding ladder [Pg. 5-1 thru 5-17] allow members to get in and out of the water from the
deck or swim step of a boat and aid in boarding from a dinghy.
l. Hand bilge pump [Pg. 5-1 thru 5-17] a manual bilge pumps use a handle or lever to open and
close a rubber membrane, sucking water in from a hose with one end deep in the bilge and
ejecting this bilge water overboard.
m. Emergency tiller [Pg. 5-1 thru 5-17] it is located on the top of the rudder stock, normally
just behind the helmsman's position at the wheel used for loss of main steering.
n. Compass [Pg. 5-1 thru 5-17] – Navigational Aid.
o. Anchor [Pg. 5-1 thru 5-17] - a heavy object attached to a rope or chain and used to moor a
vessel to the sea bottom, typically one having a metal shank with a ring at one end for the
rope and a pair of curved and/or barbed flukes at the other.
p. Lizard line [Pg. 5-1 thru 5-17] - A piece of rope with a thimble or a bull’s-eye spliced into the
end and used as a fairlead. The line used to retrieve the end of the sea painter and lines used
to lash objects to the side of the ship are sometimes called lizards, even though they are not
used as fairleads
106.4 Discuss landing and getting underway: [Ref. a, Pg. 6-7 thru 6-8]
Getting Underway
Starboard-Side-To
The easiest way to get under way when you are starboard-side-to a pier is to cast off the stem
fast, hold the bow line, give the boat hard left rudder, and commence backing.
When the stern is clear of the pier and there is no boat or other object astern, cast off the bow
line and back out of the slip. When a wind or current is coming from astern or the slip is long,
you will do better to turn in the slip (room permitting).
Port-Side-To
The easiest way to clear a port-side-to landing is to use the bow line as a spring line. Cast off
the stem fast, give the boat left full rudder, and kick ahead until the stem is well clear. Then cast
off the spring line and back out of the slip. You can use another method of clearing the pier by
following the maneuvers.
Landing
Making a Landing with a Single-Screw Boat
Making a landing usually involves backing down. For this reason, procedures for landing
port-side-to differ from those for a starboard-side-to landing. Let us first consider a port- sideto landing
Port-Side-To Landing
Making a port-side-to landing is easier than making a starboard-side-to landing, because of the
factors discussed already. With no wind, tide, or current with which to contend, you should
make the approach normally at an angle of about 20° with the pier. You should have the boat
headed for a spot slightly forward of the position where you intend to stop. Several feet from
that point (to allow for advance), put your rudder to starboard to bring your boat parallel to the
pier, and simultaneously commence backing. Quickly throw the bow line over. Then with the
bow line around a cleat to hold the bow in, you can back down until the stern is forced in against
the pier. When the wind and current are setting the boat off the pier, make the approach at a
greater angle and speed. Make the turn closer to the pier. In this situation, you can get the stern
alongside easier by using hard right rudder, kicking ahead, and using the bow line as a spring
line, as in figure 6-4. To allow the stern to swing in to the pier, you must not snub the bow line
too short. When wind or current is setting the boat down on the pier, make the approach at
about the same angle as when you are being set off the pier. Speed should be about the same
or slightly less than when there is no wind or current. Commence the turn farther from the pier
because the advance is greater. In this circumstance, you should bring the stern alongside by
either of the methods described, or the centerline of the boat can be brought parallel to the
pier and the boat will drift
Starboard-Side-To Landing
Making a starboard-side-to landing is a bit more difficult than making a landing to port. The
angle of approach should always approximate that of a port-side-to landing. Speed, however,
should be slower to avoid having to back down fast to kill headway, with the resultant swing of
the stem to port. A spring line should be used when you are working the stem in alongside the
pier. Get the line over, use hard left rudder, and kick ahead. When you cannot use a spring line
(as when you are making a gangway), time your turn so that, when alongside the spot where
you intend to swing, your bow is swinging out and your stem is swinging in. When it looks as
though the stem will make contact, back down; as you lose way, shift to hard right rudder.
106.7 Discuss procedures to be followed when approaching and recovering a diver in the water: [Ref. c,
Ch. 2]
a. Diver rescue [Pg. 2-3 thru 2-7]
Assessing the rescue situation begins with the initial notification and tasking of a SAR mission,
and continues until survivor recovery on board the ship. The following factors shall be
continuously assessed, and any changes/updates shall be communicated to all personnel
involved in the SAR mission:
1. Number/type of survivor(s):
a. Military or civilian.
2. Location of survivors, their relation to, and distance from each other and the SRU.
3. Visible, and/or known injuries of the survivor(s):
a. MOI
b. Conscious/unconscious
c. Visible bleeding
d. Environmental injuries
e. Broken bones.
4. Flotation devices inflated/not inflated/survivors face down in water.
5. Parachute entanglement problem/presence of a ballooned parachute.
6. Day or night/sea state/wind direction/water temperature.
7. Cooperative/uncooperative/combative survivor(s).
8. Fuel in the water.
9. Debris littering scene and its relation to the survivor.
10. Presence of sea predators.
11. Feasibility of attempting multiple/single rescue.
12. Rescue order established according to apparent injuries. The survivor with the worst
injuries shall be rescued first.
13. RS deployment options.
14. Other available rescue assets to assist
b. Conscious/unconscious victim [Pg. 2-15]
An unconscious survivor automatically communicates an injury to the head, neck, and spine. The RS
should be deployed and rescue/MEDEVAC litter utilized on an unconscious survivor.
Use of the rescue/MEDEVAC litter is the RS’s first choice of recovery devices for an
unconscious survivor. The only exceptions would be that the survivor has immediate life- threatening
injuries (no breathing, severe arterial bleeding), or extraordinary environmental conditions exist that
prohibit rescue/MEDEVAC litter u
Lack of respiratory function (breathing) is a life-threatening condition. If the survivor is not breathing,
the RS shall give two rescue breaths to the survivor, safely complete all applicable
disentanglement/recovery procedures, and signal the SRU for immediate recovery of the survivor.
After the completion of applicable disentanglement/recovery procedures, the RS shall continue
rescue breathing for the survivor every 15–20 seconds until recovery by the SRU.
c. Proper employment/Safety precautions when deploying diver [Pg. 2-7]
Diver need to aware of their environment before entering water so avoid potential hazardous
such as other boats and/or helicopter operations.
107 Diving Fundamental
[a] NAVSEA SS521-AG-PRO-010, U.S. Navy Diving Manual
[b] MILPERSMAN 1220-100, The Diver/EOD/SEAL/UCT Program
[c] NAVSEA SS600-AQ-MMO-010, Underwater Breathing Apparatus, MK 16 MOD 1
[d] NAVSEA SS500-AX-MMO-010, Oxygen Transfer Pump Assembly, MK 23 MOD 0
[e] EOD Table of Allowance (TOA)
107.1 Explain the correct procedure to follow in the event of a diving casualty. [Ref. a, Pg. 5-10 thru 511]
1. Immediately secure and safeguard from tampering all diver ‑worn and ancillary/ support
equipment that may have contributed to the mishap. This equipment should also include,
but is not limited to, the compressor, regulator, depth gauge, submersible pressure gauge,
diver dress, buoyancy compensator/life preserver, weight belt, and gas supply (SCUBA,
emergency gas supply, etc.).
2. Expeditiously report circumstances of the mishap via WESS. Commands without WESS
access should report by message (see OPNAVINST 5102.1 (series) for format
requirements) to:
NAVSAFECEN NORFOLK VA//JJJ// with information copies to CNO WASHINGTON
DC//N773// COMNAVSEASYSCOM WASHINGTON DC//00C// and NAVXDIVINGU PANAMA
CITY FL//JJJ//.
If the mishap is MK 16 MOD 1 related, also send information copies PEO LMW
WASHINGTON DC//PMS‑ EOD// NAVSURFWARCENIHEODTECHDIV INDIAN HEAD MD, and
NAVSURFWARCENIHEODTECHDIV TECHSUPP DET INDIAN HEAD MD.
If the mishap is MK 16 MOD 0 related, also send information copies to
COMNAVSEASYSCOM WASHINGTON DC//NSW//
If the mishap occurs at a shore based facility, contact NAVFAC SCA, also send
information copies to NFESC EAST COAST DET WASHINGTON DC//55//.
3. Equipment may need to be shipped to NEDU for further investigation. Contact NAVSEA
00C3 for determination.
4. Expeditiously prepare a separate, written report of the mishap. The report shall include: n A
completed Equipment Mishap Information Sheet (Figure 5 ‑1) n A sequential narrative of the
mishap including relevant details that might not be apparent in the data sheets
5. The data sheets and the written narrative shall be mailed by traceable registered mail to:
Commanding Officer Navy Experimental Diving Unit 321 Bullfinch Road Panama City, Florida
32407‑7015 Attn: Code 03, Test & Evaluation
6. Package a certified copy of all pertinent 3M records and deliver to NAVSEA/00C3 on-scene
representative.
107.2 Locate the types of recompression Chambers utilized at your command. [Ref. a, Pg. 21-1]
Standard Navy Double Lock Recompression Chamber System (SNDLRCS). The SNDLRCS (Figure
18-6) consists of a Standard Navy Double Lock (SNDL) recompression chamber and a gas
supply system housed within an International Organization for Standards (ISO) container. The
system is capable of supporting surface decompression, medical treatment, and training
operations. Air is supplied to the system using a Air Flask Rack Assembly (AFRA) which is
almost identical to the Air Supply Rack Assembly (ASRA) used in supporting a FADS 3 DLSS.
Oxygen is provided by four (4) cylinders that are secured to the interior bulkhead of the ISO
container. If an external supply of mixed gas is available it can also be supplied to the chamber
BIBS supply. The SNDL is a 54” diameter, double lock recompression chamber. It is outfitted
with a stretcher, BIBS, gas monitoring systems, lights, and an environmental conditioning
system. The chamber can comfortably accommodate 4 divers in the inner lock and 3 divers in
the outer lock
Double-lock chambers are used because they permit tending personnel and supplies to enter
and leave the chamber during treatment.
107.3 Discuss the purpose of a recompression Chamber. [Ref. a, Pg. 21-1]
Recompression chambers are used for the treatment of decompression sickness and arterial
gas embolism, for surface decompression, and for administering pressure tests to prospective
divers. Recompression chambers equipped for hyperbaric administration of oxygen are also
used in medical facilities for hyperbaric treatment of carbon monoxide poisoning, gas
gangrene, other diseases. Double-lock chambers are used because they permit personnel and
supplies to enter and leave the chamber during treatment.
107.4 Name the primary UBAs and their purpose used in EOD diving operations. [Ref. a, Pg. 18-1, Pg. 655]
EC-UBA – Electronic Controlled Closed Circuit Underwater Breathing Apparatus- The U.S.
Navy’s use of EC-UBA is primarily used to satisfy the operational requirements of EOD divers,
SPECWAR combat divers, and NECC divers (Figure 15-1). This equipment combines the
mobility of a free-swimming diver with the depth advantages of mixed gas. The term EC-UBA
refers to a UBA using ppO2 monitoring to control O2 addition at a constant set-point with
recirculation of 100 percent of the breathing loop. This results in bubble-free operation,
except during ascent or inadvertent gas release. This capability makes EC-UBA’s well-suited
for EOD and SPECWAR operations and for light work applications requiring a longer bottom
time than open circuit SCUBA could provide. Improvements in gas usage, dive duration, and
depth capabilities provided by the EC-UBA greatly increase the effectiveness of the divers.
Dives to 150 feet of seawater (fsw) can be made when N2 O2 (air) is used as a diluent and 300
fsw when using HeO2 (88/12) as a diluent, see Table 15-1 for EC-UBA data sheets. Due to the
increased. breathing resistance, and concerns about carbon dioxide retention and CNS O2
toxicity, planned N2 O2 dives deeper than 150 fsw are considered exceptional exposure dives
and require prior approval in accordance with OPNAVINST 3150.27 (series).
CC-UBA - The term closed-circuit oxygen rebreather describes a specialized underwater
breathing apparatus (CC-UBA) in which the diver breathes 100% oxygen and all gases are kept
within the UBA (Figure 16-1). The use of 100% oxygen prevents inert gas buildup in the diver
and allows all of the gas carried by the diver to be used for metabolic needs. The exhaled gas
is carried via the exhalation hose to a carbon dioxide-absorbent bed, which removes the
carbon dioxide produced by the diver through a chemical reaction. Metabolically consumed
oxygen is then replaced through an oxygen addition system. The gas then travels to the
breathing bag where it is available again to the diver. CCUBAs offer advantages valuable to
special warfare, including stealth (no escaping bubbles), extended operating duration, and less
weight than open-circuit air SCUBA. Weighed against these advantages are the disadvantages
of increased hazards to the diver, greater training requirements, and greater expense.
However, when compared to a EC-UBA, a CC-UBA offers the advantages of reduced training
and maintenance requirements, lower cost, and reduction in weight and size.
107.5 Describe the purpose and uses for the following support equipment: [Ref. a, Pg. 4-10, Ref. d, Pg. 12
Diving Air Compressor- Many air systems used in Navy diving operations include at least one
air compressor as a source of air. It is essential that the operators of these compressors have
an understanding of compressor components and principles of gas compression as described
in this section. Compressors used to supply air for diving or as drive air to transfer oxygen or
mixed gases shall be listed in the NAVSEA/00C Authorized for Navy Use (ANU) list or be
included in the scope of certification a certified diving system (except as noted in paragraph 43.1).
There are many different designs of air compressors. Reciprocating air compressors are the
only compressors authorized for use in Navy air diving operations. Low pressure (LP)
compressors can provide rates of flow sufficient to support surface supplied air diving or
recompression chamber operations. High-pressure (HP) models can charge high- pressure air
banks and SCUBA cylinders.
Normally, Reciprocating compressors have their rating (capacity in cubic feet per minute and
delivery pressure in psig) stamped on the manufacturer’s identification plate. If not provided
directly, capacity will be provided and may be determined by conducting a compressor output
test (see Topside Tech Notes).
The compressor rating is usually based on inlet conditions of 70°F (21.1°C), 14.7 psia
barometric pressure, and 36 percent relative humidity (an air density of 0.075 pound per cubic
foot). If inlet conditions vary, the actual capacity either increases or decreases from rated
values. Since the capacity is the volume of air at defined atmospheric conditions, compressed
per unit of time, it is affected only by the first stage, as all other stages only increase the
pressure and reduce temperature
All compressors are stamped with a code, consisting of at least two, but usually four to five,
numbers that specify the bore and stroke of the pistons. The bore (piston diameter) and
stroke (length the piston moves through a cycle) determines the displacement and therefore
the capacity.
The actual capacity of the compressor will always be less than the displacement because of
the clearance volume of the cylinders. This is the volume above the piston that does not get
displaced by the piston during compression.
Any diving air compressor not permanently installed must be firmly secured in place. Most
portable compressors are provided with lashing rings for this purpose.
107.6 - Define and explain the special precautions in utilizing LOMU tools. [Ref. c, Pg. 6-13]
LOMU tools are used to reduce the effect of static charge on ordinance.
108 Antiterrorism /Force Protection Fundamentals
[a] NWP 3-07.2, Navy Doctrine For Antiterrorism/Force Protection
[b] DoDI 2000.16, DoD Antiterrorism Standards
108.1 List and discuss the terrorist threat levels. [Ref. a, Pg. 2-4 thru 2-6]
1. Low —No terrorist group is detected or the group activity is nonthreatening.
2. Moderate — Terrorist groups are present but there is no indication of anti-U.S. activity.
The operating environment favors the host nation (HN)/U.S.
3. Significant — An anti-U.S. terrorist group is operationally active and attacks personnel as
their preferred method of operation, or a group uses large casualty producing attacks as
their preferred method and has limited operational activity. The operating environment is
neutral.
4. High —An anti-U.S. terrorist group is operationally active and uses large casualty
producing attacks as their preferred method of operation. There is a substantial DOD
presence and the operating environment favors the terrorist.
108.2 List and discuss the FPCON. [Ref a, Pg. 2-6 thru 2-7]
1. FP Condition NORMAL — Applies when a general threat of possible terrorist activity exists
but warrants only a routine security posture.
2. FP Condition ALPHA — Declared when a general threat of possible terrorist activity is
directed toward installations, vessels, or personnel, the nature and extent of which are
unpredictable and where circumstances do not justify full implementation of FP condition
BRAVO measures. However, it may be necessary to implement certain selected measures
from FP condition BRAVO as a result of intelligence received or as a deterrent. The measures
in this threat condition must be capable of being maintained indefinitely.
3.FP Condition BRAVO Declared when an increased and more predictable threat of terrorist
activity exists.
4.FP Condition CHARLIE Declared when an incident occurs or intelligence is received indicating
that some form of terrorist action against installations, vessels, or personnel is imminent.
5.FP Condition DELTA Declared when a terrorist attack has occurred in the immediate area or
intelligence indicates a terrorist action against a specific location or person is likely. Normally,
this FP condition is declared only as a localized warning.
108.3 Discuss FPCON Measures. [Ref b, Standard 22, Pg. 26]
A Force Protection Condition is a security posture promulgated by the commander in
consideration of a variety of factors (e.g., a terrorist threat analysis, Threat Level, etc.).
Terrorism Threat Levels should not be confused with Force Protection Conditions.
Commanders at all levels, both stationary and in transit, shall develop site-specific measures
or action tasks for each Force Protection Condition which supplement those measures/actions
enumerated for each Force Protection Condition as listed within Appendix A of DoD 2000.12-H
(reference (c)). An AT Plan with a complete listing of site-specific AT measures, linked to a
Force Protection Condition, will be classified, as a minimum, CONFIDENTIAL. When separated
from the AT Plan, specific AT measures and Force Protection Conditions remain FOR OFFICIAL
USE ONLY. These measures will change as the threat situation increases from Force Protection
Condition Normal to Force Protection Condition Delta.
108.4 Discuss Antiterrorism/Force Protection Training requirements. [Ref. b, Standard 23 thru 29, Pg.
27]
Level I AT Awareness – For DOD personnel accessions during initial training. Provides
introduction and overview of Terrorist Operations, Protective Measures, and Explanation of
Terrorist Levels.
Level II AT Officer (ATO) – For Officers and NCOs servings as ATOS. Provides training on
responsibilities of the ATO, policy assess threats and vulnerabilities.
Level III Pre-Command AT Training – For O-5 to O-6 Commanders. Provides training on AT
planning, building AT programs, SECDEF policies, and Directives.
Level IV AT Executive Seminar- For O-6 to O-8 and DOD Civilians of Equivalent Grades. This
training is an Executive level seminar. Includes tabletop war games aimed at facilitating
interactions and discussion.
109 Small Unit Tactics Fundamentals
[a] NAVEDTRA 14234, Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol. 1
[b] NAVEDTRA 14235, Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol. 2
[c] Joint Publication 1-02 DOD Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms
[d] Joint Publication 3-50.5 Joint Doctrine for Evasion and Recovery
[e] FM 3-21.8, Infantry Rifle Platoon and Squad
[f] MCRP 4-11.3F Convoy Operations Handbook
[h] NTRP 3-07.2.2 Naval Force Protection Procedures for Weapons Handling
109.1 Discuss special clothing and equipment to include standard issue utility uniforms (first line gear),
load carrying / protective equipment (second line gear), and existence / bivouac equipment (third line
equipment). [Ref. a, Pg. 2-1 thru 2-25]
See next page for list. Please note that some of these items will not be issued/ no longer issued.
109.2 Discuss the following tactical terms:
a. INFIL (Infiltration) [Ref. c, Pg. 208] - The movement through or into an area or territory
occupied by either friendly or enemy troops or organizations. The movement is made, either
by small groups or by individuals, at extended or irregular intervals. When used in connection
with the enemy, it implies that contact is avoided. 2. In intelligence usage, placing an agent or
other person in a target area in hostile territory. Usually involves crossing a frontier or other
guarded line. Methods of infiltration are: black (clandestine); grey (through legal crossing
point but under false documentation); and white (legal).
b. EXFIL (Exfiltration) [Ref. c, Pg. 155] - The removal of personnel or units from areas under
enemy control by stealth, deception, surprise, or clandestine means. See also special
operations; unconventional warfare.
c. E & E (Evasion and Escape) [Ref. c, Pg. 153] ) -The procedures and operations whereby
military personnel and other selected individuals are enabled to emerge from an enemy-held
or hostile area to areas under friendly control.
d. OTB (Over the Beach) [Ref. c, Pg. 324] - The loading and unloading of ships without the
benefit of deep draft-capable, fixed port facilities; or as a means of moving forces closer to
tactical assembly areas dependent on threat force capabilities
e. Rally point [Ref. a, Pg. 4-19] - A rallying point is a designated place where a patrol that has
been dispersed can assemble and reorganize. It should provide cover, concealment, and be
defensible for at least a short time. It must be easily recognizable and be known to all
members of the patrol. Until a rallying point has been actually reached and found to be
suitable, you should designate it as a TENTATIVE RALLYING POINT. To designate a definite
rallying point, the patrol leader halts the patrol when he arrives there. He then announces,
“This is a rallying point,” and points out the identifying features.
f. Counter-ambush drills (Immediate action drills) [Ref. a, Pg. 4-22 thru 4-23; Ref. f, Pg. 2-3 thru
2-4] - When a patrol is ambushed, the immediate action drill to use is determined by whether
the ambush is near or far.
In a NEAR ambush, the killing zone is under heavy, highly concentrated, close-range fire. There
is little time or space for men to maneuver or seek cover. The longer they remain in the killing
zone, the more certain their destruction; therefore, if attacked by a NEAR ambush, the patrol
should react as follow
In a FAR ambush, the killing zone is also under heavy, highly concentrated fire but from a
greater range. This greater range provides men in the killing zone some space to maneuver
and an opportunity to seek cover at lesser risk; therefore, if attacked by a Far ambush, the
patrol should react as follows:
g. Warning order [Ref. a, Pg. 4-16] – To given individual patrol members maximum time to
prepare, the patrol leader should issue a WARNING ORDER to ALL members as soon as
possible after the patrol order is received. The warning order should include the following:
A brief statement of the situation so patrol members will know what friendly and
enemy units are doing.
The mission of the patrol, given exactly as it was received.
General instructions.
General instructions should include the following:
The patrol’s general or special organization; that is, assigning specific tasks to specific
elements.
The specified uniforms, including any camouflage and identification measures.
The specific weapons, ammunition, and equipment.
The individuals to accompany the patrol leader on reconnaissance and those
individuals that are to supervise subcategories of preparation.
Instructions for obtaining water, rations, weapons, ammunition, and equipment.
h. Patrol order [Ref. a, Pg. 4-17]- A patrol leader should issue orders in a clear, concise, and
forceful reamer. Follow the standard operation order format, as shown in figure 11-36 of
chapter 11. All patrol members should be present. The patrol leader precedes the order with a
complete oral description of the plan and answers all questions after completing the order.
i. Field of fire [Ref. a, Pg. 5-3 thru 5-4 Ref. b, Pg. 4-5 thru 4-7] - areas into which your weapons
can be fired effectively. An ideal field of fire for the defense would be gentle sloping ground,
fitted to the trajectory of your weapons, and on which the enemy can be seen with no
protection from your fire.
j.Fire teams [Ref. a, Pg. 4-5; Ref. b, Pg. 4-9] - The FIRE TEAM LEADER controls the use of the
formations. He places himself in a position where he can best observe and control the fire
team and, in addition, receive orders from the squad leader. The fire team leader must also be
in a position to quickly and effectively control the employment of the automatic rifle. The
AUTOMATIC RIFLEMAN is an interior man. He should position himself between the fire team
leader and rifleman No. 1. Here, he can quickly deliver fire to either flank, as directed by the
fire team leader, and receive help and protection from the adjacent rifleman. RIFLEMAN NO. 1
assists the automatic rifleman by supplying him with loaded magazines and by keeping the
automatic rifle in action. He coordinates both his position and movement with those of the
automatic rifleman. Figure 4-7.—Basic formations, fire team. RIFLEMAN NO. 2 is at the place
in the fire team formation that enemy action or probable enemy action threatens. He acts as a
security element; for example, when the team is moving toward the enemy, he is in the
foremost position.
j.
Danger area [Ref. e, Pg. 3-33, Para. 3-123]- areas on the route where the terrain could
expose the platoon to enemy observation, fire, or both. If possible, the platoon leaders
plans to avoid danger areas, but sometimes they cannot.
109.3 Discuss the following patrol positions:
a. Patrol leader (Platoon leader) [Ref. a, Pg. 4-18; Ref. e, Pg. 3-2 thru 3-31] - The patrol leader
tells personnel at the position the information they may need to assist him, such as the size of
his patrol, his general route, and his expected time of return.
b. Assistant patrol leader (Assistant platoon leader) [Ref. a, Pg. 4-18] - The second in command,
the assistant patrol leader, assists the patrol leader in controlling the patrol. He helps the
patrol leader by controlling the rear of the patrol and by preventing men from falling behind
or getting out of position.
c. Point man (FO) [Ref. a, Pg. 4-18; Ref. e, Pg. 3-2] - Rifleman number 2, serves as a rifleman and
protects the flank of the fire team. He is point man for all team formations and may also serve
as a scout.
d. Compass man (Navigator) [Ref. a, Pg. 4-18; Ref. e, Pg. 3-2] - assists in navigation by ensuring
the lead fire team leader remains on course at all times. The compass man should be
thoroughly briefed. His instructions must include an initial azimuth with subsequent azimuths
provided as necessary. The platoon leader or squad leader also should designate an alternate
compass man. The leader should validate the patrol’s navigation with GPS devices.
e. Communicator [Ref. a, Pg. 4-18; Ref. e, Pg. 3-2] - provides communications between the rifle
company headquarters and the rifle platoon commander and also between the rifle platoon,
its squads, and attached units.
f. Pace counter [Ref. e, Pg. 3-32, Para. 3-119] – accounts for movement
g. Demolition team (EOD support) [Ref. a, Pg. 4-18; Ref. e, Pg. 3-19] – Remove hazardous
objects which may impede movement operations.
h. Rear point (Rear security) [Ref. a, Pg. 4-18; Ref. e, 3-31] Is one rifleman assigned as rear
point. The remain in sight and within about 50 yards of the last man of the patrol. This
rifleman maintains rear security for the patrol by constantly observing to the rear. If the patrol
is ambushed, they stay out of the fire fight. If the patrol is annihilated, they are the getaway
man and returns to friendly lines to report the situation.
109.4 Discuss the correct use of camouflage: [Ref. a, Pg. 7-3 thru 7-6]
a. Face paint - Paint the shiny areas (forehead, cheeks, nose, chin, exposed skin on the back of
your neck and your hands and wrists) with the darker color. Paint the shadow areas (around
the eyes and under the nose and chin) with the lighter color.
When face paint is not available, burnt cork, charcoal, or lampblack may be used. Mud should
be used only when nothing else is available. Mud changes color as it dries, and when dry, it
may flake off and leave exposed skin. Also, mud may contain harmful bacteria and should be
used only on approval of a medical officer.
b. Uniform/clothing- The color of field uniforms and web equipment pack, belt, and canteen
cover–blends well with most terrain unless the equipment is badly faded. If it is faded, color it
to blend with the surrounding terrain. When no paint is available, use mud, charcoal, or
crushed grass. Color in bold, irregular patterns. Alter the distinctive outline of your helmet
with a cover of cloth or burlap colored to blend with the terrain. Let foliage stick over the
edges, but do not use too much of it. Use a camouflage band, string, burlap strips, or rubber
bands to hold the foliage in place. Use mud or dirt to dull shiny surfaces of weapons, being
careful not to foul working parts.
c. Environment – When utilizing nature as camouflage it is important to note that as seasons
change, so do the cover it provides. Additionally, if leaves are used, they should be
changed before they wilt to continue use of coverage.
109.5 Discuss Evasion Plan of Action: [Ref. d]
a. Evasion Charts. [Ch. 2, Pg. 12] - The evasion chart (EVC) is designed to assist isolated personnel
to evade capture and survive in hostile territory and to provide evaders with a means of
navigating to a SAFE or other recovery point.
b. Chart Scale. [Ch. 2, Pg. 12] - charts covers geographic area specifically identified by combatant
commands.
Joint Operations Graphics (1:250,000 Scale)
Tactical Pilotage Charts (1:500,000 Scale)
c. Travel Routes, Plans and Techniques. [App. D, Pg. 1]- Included within the Evasion Plan of
Action and should be written out or sketched.
d. Recovery / Contact Points, Signals / Signs and Procedures. [App. D, Pg. 1]- Included within the
Evasion Plan of Action and should be written out or sketched.
109.6 Discuss Immediate Action Drills for mounted tactical movements. [Ref. f, Pg. 2-3 thru 2-4, 3-2 thru
3-11] –
Snipers- Snipers alone can do little harm to a moving convoy. If, however, a sniper can convince
a convoy to stop and deploy, a more dangerous situation can develop. Snipers are often used
as deceptions to cause a convoy to stop in a larger enemy kill zone, possibly a deliberate
ambush. When receiving sniper fire—
*Do not stop.
*Throw smoke to screen enemy observation, if wind conditions permit.
*Suppress the area in the sniper’s general direction.
*Provide suppressive fires and supporting arms.
*Be vigilant of potential future confrontations.
Air Attack - Enemy aircraft will pose a major threat to convoys. Convoys are most likely to be
strafed along their long axis. This provides the pilot with multiple targets on a single pass. The
most efficient way to reduce the pilot’s target is for drivers to drive off the road alternately and
immediately, seeking concealment in a herring bone formation. Once in position, aim at aircraft
as listed in table 2-1. Heavy machine-guns\ should lead helicopters by 50 meters and fixed-wing
aircraft by two hundred yards to be effective. Some units may have low altitude air defense
(LAAD) attached with stingers. LAAD provides an active defense against air attack. Passive
defensive measures include:
*Selecting routes that take advantage of natural concealment.
*Driving at night and using the closed column formation to greatly reduce the chance
of the convoy’s acquisition by aircraft, providing that all precautions taken during
daylight operations are applied as well.
Unblocked Ambush - During an unblocked ambush:
*Vehicles caught in the kill zone continue to move.
*Vehicles that have not yet entered the kill zone find cover and concealment, stop
short, and dismount.
*Vehicles caught in the kill zone that become disabled conduct a vehicle unloading drill.
Then, situation dependent, the dismounted Marines provide suppressive fire on the
enemy or assault through enemy positions.
*The armored escort vehicles find positions to return suppressive fire and support
maneuver of security forces.
*Security forces maneuver and assault based on rehearsals or frag orders. Indirect fire
or close air support (CAS) are called in on the fleeing or fighting enemy as appropriate.
Blocked Ambush - During a blocked ambush:
*Vehicles that have not yet entered the kill zone find cover and concealment, stop
short, and dismount.
*Vehicles blocked and trapped in the kill zone conduct unloading drills and assault or
return fire as a base of fire.
*Armored escort vehicles find positions to return suppressive fire and support the
maneuver of security forces.
*Security forces maneuver and assault from outside the kill zone based on rehearsals
or frag orders.
109.7 Discuss reorienting during mounted tactical movement. [Ref. f, Pg. 2-4]
Reorienting - Once the enemy ambush has been destroyed or eliminated, all personnel
should return to a rally point and accountability should be conducted. Additionally, any
injuries should be triaged by corpsmen.
109.8 Discuss vehicle considerations and personnel assignment in preparing for a mounted tactical
movement. [Ref. b, Pg. 5-1 thru 5-2]
Occupants traveling in vehicles must have all-around observation and fields of fire and can
throw or fire grenades without hindrance. They must be able to exit from the vehicle rapidly
with minimum restriction. For these reasons the configuration of vehicles, such as a 6 by 6 cargo
truck, must be altered. The following measures are taken to “harden” a vehicle and provide its
occupants with a degree of protection:
1. Canvas, bows, windshields, and doors are removed.
2. The tailgate is lowered to a horizontal position. A piece of pipe, wood, or metal is
affixed to the vehicle in a vertical position extending above the driver’s head.
This will prevent decapitation from wire stretched across the road.
3. Sandbags are placed on the floorboards and bed of the vehicle. For a 6 by 6 truck, a
single row of sandbags is placed on the bed of the truck. Then sandbags are stacked five
layers high down each side of the truck. This provides protection from most small arms.
A total of 70 to 100 sandbags is required for each truck. This load plus troops and
equipment weight permits off-highway operation without undue wear on the vehicle.
A wooden bench or packs rigged down the middle of the bed provide the troops with
seats (fig.5-l.)
4. Sections of scrap armor plate may be used to reinforce sandbags in the bed of the
vehicle.
109.9 Discuss personnel unloading procedures and sequence used during battle drills. [Ref. f, Pg. 2-4]
Unloading Battle Drill Sequence
1. As soon as it is determined that the vehicle is unable to escape the kill zone, two sentries on
the enemy side of the truck bed must return a high volume of fire.
2. Alternately, the two sentries should throw smoke grenades in the direction of the enemy.
3. Simultaneously, the remaining vehicle occupants dismount the vehicle on the side opposite
of the enemy and ensure they are masked from enemy fire.
4. The A-driver should use the ring mount, if equipped, to lay down suppressive, heavy machinegun fire.
5. After covering the vehicle by fire, the two sentries should follow the other Marines over the
“masked” side.
6. Find cover. The vehicle is the target and Marines should find cover elsewhere vice use it as
protection.
7. If the kill zone is well planned by the enemy, cover may not exist, and a rapid and violent
assault against the enemy may be required.
8. If cover is available, it should be used and fire returned. The section then becomes a base of
fire for another section’s maneuver. Once the situation has stabilized, the security force can
execute its scheme of maneuver.
109.10 Discuss transit formation during mounted tactical movement. [Ref. b, Pg. 5-8; Ref. f, Pg. 1-8 and
2-2]
Open Column - This technique is normally used during daylight marches. It can be used at night
with blackout lights or night vision equipment. The distance between vehicles varies, depending
on road conditions and weather, but is normally 50 to 100 meters. Vehicle density is
approximately 15 vehicles per kilometer when mechanized vehicles are 50 meters apart. When
the mechanized vehicles are 75 meters apart, the density is 12 vehicles per kilometer, and at
100 meters apart, the density is 10 mechanized vehicles per kilometer.
Close Column - This technique is usually used for marches in darkness or limited visibility. The
distance between vehicles is generally 25 meters. The mechanized vehicles should be spaced so
that drivers can see the blackout markers of the vehicle in front of them.
Infiltration - This technique is the movement of dispersed, individual units or vehicles at
irregular intervals. Infiltration reduces traffic density and prevents undue massing of vehicles.
Infiltration provides a passive defense against enemy observation. It can also be used when
time and road space are available and when security, deception, and dispersion are desired.
Radio silence should be implemented or the use of radios minimized.
109.11 Discuss convoy route planning considerations. [Ref. f, Pg. 1-1 thru 1-3]
For preparations to proceed smoothly and to ensure that all required tasks are completed,
responsibilities and procedures are standardized to the maximum extent possible and reflected
in unit standing operating procedures (SOPs). When a convoy or tactical motor march is
included in the concept of operations ashore, it is included in the operation order. Tactical
movements may require an appendix to annex C (Operations) to the operation order. The use
of convoys by the combat service support element (CSSE), when included in the concept of
combat service support (CSS), should be detailed in an appendix to annex D (Logistics/Combat
Service Support). An appendix, outlining the general convoy procedures to be employed, can
also be prepared for execution by issuance of fragmentary orders. The use and composition of
unit logistic trains will be reflected in the unit’s SOP.
The movement order includes sufficient detail to clearly define, as applicable to the convoy, the
following:
*Current situation.
*Mission or purpose of the convoy.
*Concept of operation for the movement.
*Applicable administrative and logistic procedures and responsibilities. Command,
control, and communications assignments and techniques that will be employed to
carry out the move.
109.12 Discuss emergency destruct procedures for vehicle and cargo. [Ref. f, App. G, Pg. 1]
When necessary to prevent the enemy from using or salvaging vehicles, commanders should
destroy or damage beyond repair all parts essential to the operation of the vehicle. It must be
emphasized that the decision to destroy organic equipment must be made by competent
authority. Additionally, efforts should include, to the maximum extent possible, removal of
essential spare parts. Three methods for destroying vehicles are outlined in the order of
effectiveness. Whichever is used, the sequence outlined should be followed to assure
uniformity of destruction among a group of similar vehicles.
1. Use Ax, pick or sledge hammer to destroy all vital elements.
2. Puncture the fuel tanks, remove all fire extinguishers, and fire upon with artillery.
3. Charge with explosives.
It is also imperative to destroy all tiers, including the spare, even if time does not permit for
destruction of other parts of the vehicles.
109.13 Discuss distance, time and rate of movement of a mounted tactical movement. [Ref. f, Pg. 1-5]
The task of the movement control planner is to plan the arrival of the column at a certain point at a
scheduled time. To accomplish this, the planner must know the distance the column is to travel and
the time it will take to make the trip. The planner must also compute the space the column will
occupy, including the safety factor in distance or time, which must separate march columns and their
elements. The relationship between distance and time is the basis for all march planning. The rate of
movement is the ratio of distance to time. Additional considerations related to distance, time, and
rate of movement are discussed in the following paragraphs.
109.14 Discuss hand signals used during foot patrol. [Ref. a, Pg. 11-32 thru 11-35]
Signals are used to transmit commands or information when voice communication is difficult
or impossible or when silence must be maintained. Leaders should repeat signals to their units
whenever necessary to ensure prompt and correct execution of orders. Leaders giving arm and
hand signals should remember that these are an order of command. The signal is given smartly.
Leaders must be aware of their location to ensure the signal can be seen by the intended unit.
When a movement is to be executed by particular unit(s), a signal appointing the unit(s)
precedes the signal for the actual movement. If a movement is to be executed.
Please see the next page for examples:
109.15 Discuss Guard mount procedures. [Ref. h, Pg. 1-2]
Guard mount procedures standardize watch turnover between oncoming and off going personnel. The
supervisor must be thoroughly familiar with all matters directly related to the watch and ensure all
personnel are briefed and fully prepared to assume duties. The actions listed in Figure 1-4 are
procedures to be completed during guard mount.
Supervisors familiar with weapons inspections conducted while in formation should note that these
steps have not been included for safety reasons. Should a supervisor wish to inspect cleanliness or
functioning of weapons, he or she should do so prior to weapons being loaded (during the clearing
barrel procedures). Once clearing barrel procedures have been completed and weapons are loaded,
security personnel should not change the condition of their weapon unless it appears that the use of
deadly force may be necessary. Command-specific guard mount procedures may amplify the basic list.
Guard mount procedures are delineated in this publication to ensure that the safe handling procedures
for firearms and ammunition discussed herein are effectively integrated in all guard mounts