CHAPTER 12:
Managerial
Function of
LEADING
Reporter: RINALENE S. CARDENAS
Functions of Management
by various authors
Fayol 1916
Terry 1956
1. Planning
2. Organizing
3. Commanding
4. Coordinating
5. Controlling
1. Planning
2. Organizing
3. Actuating
4. Controlling
rev. 1968
Source: Principles of Management Nature of management (peoi.org)
Koontz &
O’Donnel 1959
Newman &
Summer 1961
1. Planning
2. Organizing
3. Staffing
4. Directing
5. Controlling
1. Planning
2. Organizing
3. Leading
4. Controlling
Discussion Objectives:
1 Define Leading
2 Define Leadership
3 Identify the Nature
and Characteristics
of a Good Leader
1
LEADING
is a management function that involves inspiring and
influencing people in the organization to achieve a
common goal.
Source: ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT by Cabrera, Altarejos, & Benjamin
is influencing people so that they will contribute to
organization and group goals.
Source: Management: Science, Theory, & Practice by Weihrich
Inspire vs Influence
Inspire
passive and doesn’t have
intent to act
MOTIVATION
Influence
active and intentional
that has direct effect
ACTION
LEADING
COMMANDING
by Henry
Fayol
“the optimum return from all employees of a unit in the
interest of the whole concern.”
Source: Management Theory of Henri Fayol: Summary, Examples | NanoGlobals
DIRECTING
by Koontz &
O’donnel
“is the interpersonal aspect of managing by which
subordinates are led to understand and contribute
effectively and efficiently to the attainment of enterprise
objectives.”
Source: Directing in Management: Meaning, Nature, Concept, Principles, Techniques (preservearticles.com )
DIRECTING
by Earnest
Dale
“concerns the total manner in which a manager influences
the subordinates. It is the final action of a manager in
getting others to act after all preparations have been done.”
Source: Principles of Management(uou.ac.in)
ACTUATING
by George R
Terry
‘‘a fundamental statement providing a guide to action.’’
Source: The evolution of management thought by Wren and Bedian (wikiquote.org)
Elements / Sub-functions of Leading
1 Motivation
Chapters 10-11
2 Leadership
Chapter 12
3 Communication
4 Supervision
Chapter 14
Chapter 15
2
LEADERSHIP
is the ability of a manager to induce subordinates to work
with confidence and zeal.
-Koontz and O’Donnell
Source: Leadership: Meaning, Characteristics and Functions (yourarticlelibrary.com)
is a relationship in which one person influences others to work
together willingly on related tasks to attain what the leader
desires.
-G.R. Terry
Source: What is Leadership? - Definition, Concept, Importance & Leadership Skills (economicsdiscussion.net)
Importance of Leadership
1 Initiates Action
action is initiated when the managers provide direction to their subordinates for
carrying out the task
2 Employee Retention
builds up morale and motivates the employees with economic and non-economic
reward
3 Improved Productivity
institutes an effective and efficient working environment through supervision
and communication with proper coordination .
Leaders are
made, not born.
Leadership is a skill that can be developed.
Good leaders are molded through experience,
continued study, and adaptation.
3
NATURE AND
CHARACTERISTICS
OF A GOOD LEADER
Personal inherent, moral, and ethical
qualities that distinguish great leaders
from the rest of us.
Nature and Characteristics of a Good Leader
1 Personality
5 Integrity
2 Drive
6 Leadership motivation
3 Emotional
intelligence
7 Knowledge of the
business
4 Self-concept
8 Cognitive and
practical intelligence
Source: Organizational Behavior 5th Edition by McShane and Glinow
Nature and Characteristics of a Good Leader
1 . Personality
Possessing higher levels of extroversion and
conscientiousness.
Robbins and
Coulter’s Big Five
Personality
Characteristics
Source: ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT by Cabrera, Altarejos, & Benjamin
Nature and Characteristics of a Good Leader
2. Drive
The leader’s inner motivation to pursue goals.
“if you have to choose between someone with a staggering IQ and
someone with a lower IQ who is absolutely determined to succeed,
you’ll always do better with the second person.” - Larry Bossidy
3. Emotional intelligence
The leader’s ability to monitor his or her own
and others’ emotions, and use the information
to guide the leader’s actions.
Nature and Characteristics of a Good Leader
4. Self-concept
The leader’s self-beliefs and positive self-evaluation
about his or her own leadership skills and ability to
achieve objectives.
5. Integrity
The leader’s truthfulness and tendency to
translate words into deeds.
“Practice what you preach.’’
Nature and Characteristics of a Good Leader
6. Leadership Motivation
The leader’s need for socialized power to accomplish
team or organizational goals.
7. Business Knowledge
The leader’s tacit and explicit knowledge
about the company’s environment, enabling
the leader to make more intuitive decisions.
Nature and Characteristics of a Good Leader
8. Cognitive and Practical Intelligence
The leader’s above-average cognitive ability to process
information and ability to solve real-world problems by
adapting to, shaping, or selecting appropriate
environments.
Cognitive Skills
Practical Skills
Logic and reasoning
Abstract thinking
Brainstorming
Communicative skills
Information seeking
Collaboration skills
Decision-making
Flexibility
Thank
you!
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