!9 OCTOBER
2023
Intro to COE & IE
Assignment 1 Engineering Design
In this Assignment, we look at how to build a Hat with a screen that will show the backside view of a
person directly in his hands with just a few clicks. We will talk about the Camera, Screen, and
Bluetooth connection. We will also build a Functon block diagram for our model then we will give
abstraction about each point. Modularity is also an important step in Engineering design so we will
also deal with it. We will also apply standardization to our model. In the second question, we will
apply the design process to our overall system from understanding the problem to presentation. We
will also look at how to set up a good team and also we will talk about the patents. In the third
question, we will see some details regarding mathematical models.
Q1: A hat with Screen
Abstraction
Functional Block Diagram
Battery/Power Mangement:
The battery gives power to the system it also includes a rechargeable battery pack.
it also distributes power through all components.
Camera:
The camera will be used to capture live moments from the surroundings and transfer the data to the
screen. This block also includes Camrea sensors and, an image processing unit.
Wired Connection:
A wired connection will be used to connect the camera to the screen.
It also manages the cables for a stable connection.
Figure: 1
Screen:
The screen will be used to get data from the Camera and Display them.
It includes many components like the screen itself, control logic, and the display driver.
In some models, a Screen will be also used to display the Probability rate.
Light Source:
When there is no sufficient light to view properly the light will automatically turn on.
This component also includes a light sensor that will detect the light level.
Bluetooth:
Bluetooth connection will be used to connect to the user's phone.
It includes a transceiver and pairing logic.
Modularity
Modular design is used to manage the complexity and reduce the
complexity. We will use modularity to further simplify our model.
Each module can be programmed separately and is designed to achieve
specific functionality. In the following image, I have broken down the
Functional block diagram to represent Modularity.
Standardization
We will use every component that is compatible with International
standards like ISO and National standards I.S
Figure: 2
Q1: A hat with Screen
Flow Chart
Flow Chart
In Figure: 3, I have shown a simple algorithm for our model. First, it
will check if the battery is On or Off, if it's off it will turn it On. Then
after turning the battery On it will check if there is enough light if there
is enough light it will directly display the camera results on the screen
or the phone. If there is not enough light it will turn the light on and
display the result.
Figure: 3
Q2: Overall System
Design Process steps
Recognizing the need:
A hat on a screen is needed when someone wants to look at his backside but can't continuously turn
his head, so it will help that person to get live video of what's going on at his back.
Someone can also use it on a bike to get live video coverage of the biker's back.
Problem definition and understanding:
Some people may not like to look back continuously while sitting, driving, or riding. This is a big
problem because it takes your time and it is also risky while in a drive. So will use this model to solve
this problem.
Research and preparation;:
We will do some research about the whole system and how each component is connected to Data
transfer etc.
Then we will start preparation for our model.
Conceptualization:
Here we will Conceptualize the whole design like the camera on the top of the hat and the screen
should be on the front so that the user can see.
Synthesis:
Here we will combine the components to form the whole system for example connecting the camera
with the screen etc.
Figure: 4
Evaluation:
We will evaluate the model in terms of errors so that we can run the program smoothly and take full
benefits from it. We will also do some experiments to make sure everything is working fine. We must
evaluate the cost of the whole system.
Optimization:
After the launch of the product, we will maintain the model, and address issues if there are.
We will also optimize the cost size and weight of the model.
Presentation:
After all the steps are clear without errors we will present our model to the clients or boss according
to their needs
Team
As an important step, we also need to set up a team to collaborate and deal with any kind of problem. We will make sure to take people from different personalities and
mindsets. The benefits of this will be we can approach different problems with different solutions. We can also finish any project quickly. Anyone who wants to be on the
team must have a technical background and knowledge about the complete design process and must know how to tackle different problems efficiently.
Patents
US8319613B2
US10237455B2
KR101390345B1
KR102025832B1
KR20200104983A
New Design
In Figure 5, I am demonstrating a new design based on the patents and modern
systems or components. In this model, we have a solar panel instead of a traditional
battery, and a backup for the battery we are using a battery with wireless charging
support. We are also using a touch screen having a gesture control that will control
different actions using simple motions. A camera that will also detect different
objects. This model is having connection with all wireless setups.
Figure: 5
Q3: Mathematical Models
A): Mathematical Model to differetiate signals
Features:
Measure geometric features of the detected shapes, such as aspect ratio, area, and convexity.
Check if the shape is roughly triangular or trapezoidal, as these are common shapes for slope signs.
Color Analysis:
Combine the color analysis and shape detection results. For instance, if the predominant color is red
and the shape is triangular or trapezoidal, it's more likely a slope sign.
Machine Learning:
By using good datasets that have different signal pictures, you can train a machine learning model,
like a convolutional neural network , to classify the signs.
By combining features like measuring geometric shapes, shape detection, color analysis, and
Machine learning we can make a mathematical model to differentiate between signals.
(b): Maintaining Constant Speed on 10cm/s:
To measure the speed constantly we have to first measure the slope angle using an inclinometer then
we will define the speed, then we calculate the Thrust by the formula:
T = (m)(g)sin(θ )
T is the thrust required to overcome gravitational force.
"m" is the mass.
"g" is the acceleration due to gravity.
θ is the slope angle.
We will also implement a closed-loop control system that adjusts the throttle based on the difference
between the desired speed and the actual speed of the car.
C): Model for stopping/starting the car smoothly.
First, we have to define a desired acceleration profile for both starting and stopping. Like by Throttle and Brake Control
for starting and stopping. We have to gradually increase the throttle to reach the desired acceleration and we have to
gradually engage the brakes to reach the desired deceleration. Use feedback from speed sensors to ensure that the car is
following the desired acceleration and deceleration profiles accurately. By following these steps, you can create a
mathematical model that ensures the car starts and stops smoothly.
References
miro.com (For designing the diagrams)
canva.com (For designing the complete work)
sciencedirect.com (For information about the design process)
mymechanicalcareer.blogspot.com(For information about design process)
researchgate.net(For other related knowledge)
u-next.com(For other related knowledge)
By Yasir Notezai