RAAS
Runway Awareness and
Advisory System
Runway Collisions
2
Runway Collisions
3
RAAS I
4
RAAS Philosophy - how it works with E-GPWS
• Utilizing the E-GPWS runway database, RAAS recognizes that the
aircraft is at an specific airport.
• Using GPS signals, RAAS tracks the aircraft position, heading and
groundspeed.
• RAAS positions a “virtual” box around the E-GPWS runway data
and uses algorithms to provide Voice Advisories----
• Algorithm logic then determines the appropriate advisory sequence
and timing.
• For any given groundspeed, the algorithms increase the advisory
distance to maximize and enhance crew reaction time.
5
Routine Advisories
Routinely heard by flight crew
Purpose
1.
2.
3.
4.
Determines closest runway end
Aircraft must be on the ground
Aircraft groundspeed < 40 kts
Aircraft within trigger distance
1. Aircraft must enter onto runway
2. Aircraft heading within +/-20 deg
of runway heading
Awareness of the runway being
approached by the aircraft during ground
operations
Awareness of which runway the aircraft is
lined-up with during ground operations
(e.g., "On runway three-four left")
Purpose: To help minimize runway incursions with intelligent advisories
6
Optional Routine Advisories
Purpose
1. Aircraft 300 – 750 ft. AFE*
2. Aircraft within 3 NM of runway
3. Aircraft track within 20 deg of
runway heading
4. Aircraft within 200 ft. laterally of
runway centerline + runway width
Awareness of which runway the aircraft is
tracking on final approach (e.g.,
"Approaching three four left")
* Above Field Elevation
1. Aircraft < 100 ft. on or above the
last half of the runway
2. Aircraft groundspeed > 40 kts
Awareness of aircraft position relative to
the runway end (e.g., "One-thousand
remaining")
* Note: Operator defined units in feet or meters
Purpose: To help avoid runway incursions and runway end excursions with
intelligent advisories
7
Optional Non-Routine Advisories
Purpose
1. Aircraft must be on runway
2. Aircraft heading within +/- 20 deg
of runway heading
3. Aircraft penetrates last 100 ft. of
runway pavement
4. Aircraft groundspeed < 40 kts
Awareness of the position of the aircraft
relative to the runway end (e.g., "One
hundred remaining").
Especially useful when back-taxing in poor
visibility and especially in blowing snow.
Purpose: To help avoid runway end excursion with an intelligent advisory
8
Optional Non-Routine Advisories
Purpose
1. Aircraft must be on runway
2. Aircraft heading within +/- 20 deg
of runway heading
3. Waiting in position for extended
period that is operator defined
6
Awareness of an extended holding period
on the runway (e.g., "On runway three-four
left, on runway three-four left")
6
Purpose: To help minimize exposure risks of extended holding
9
Optional Non-Routine Advisories
Purpose
1. Groundspeed of Aircraft
exceeds 40 kts
2. Aircraft is on a surface other
than the runway
7
7
1. Aircraft must enter into runway
2. Aircraft heading within +/-20 deg
of runway heading
3. Distance for takeoff less than
nominal takeoff distance
* Note: Operator defined units in feet or meters
8
Awareness of excessive taxi speeds or a
take-off on a taxiway ("On taxiway! On
taxiway!")
Awareness of which runway the aircraft is
lined-up with, and that the runway length
available for takeoff is less than a defined
nominal take-off runway length (e.g., "On
runway three-four left, six-hundred
remaining")
8
Purpose: To help avoid risks on take-off
10
Optional Non-Routine Advisories
Purpose
1. Aircraft 300 – 750 ft. AFE
2. Aircraft within 3 NM of runway
3. Aircraft track within +/- 20 deg
of runway heading
4. Aircraft with 200 ft. laterally of
rwy centerline + width of rwy
5. Rwy shorter than nominal landing
length
9
9
Awareness of which runway the aircraft is
tracking, and that the runway length
available for landing is less than a defined
nominal landing runway length (e.g.,
"Approaching three-four right, threethousand remaining").
*Note: Operator defined units in feet or meters
1. Aircraft on last half of runway
2. Groundspeed > 40 kts
3. RTO is indicated (7kt. Loss from
maximum groundspeed value)
Awareness of aircraft position during a
RTO (e.g. "two-thousand remaining“)
* Note: Operator defined units in feet or meters
10
10
Purpose: to help avoid a runway excursion with an intelligent advisories
11
Airport Runway Database for RAAS
Airport Validation includes ALL airport runways.
• 1,000 Airports for the USA and Canada validated.
• 875 Airports outside North America validated.
• Continuous validation work continues and prioritized by customer
route structure and special request.
12
RAAS Customers
& Supplemental Type Certificates (STCs)
Customers
• Alaska
• Federal Express
• Lufthansa
• Lufthansa City Line
• Malaysia
• Air France
• United Airlines
• Thai
• Condor
• Bombardier CRJ
• Gulfstream
• Cessna
• Falcon and many other business
aircraft
STCs both EASA and FAA
• B-727-200
• B-737-400/700/800/900
• B-747-400
• B-757 / B-767
• B-777-200/200ER/300
• MD-10F/11F
• DC-10
• MD-80
• A-300/A310
Upcoming STCs
• CRJ/Avro RJ with EASA in
November
13
RAAS Requirements & Activation Process
• MK V and MK VII E-GPWS with version -224-224 or later
software
- Direct GPS input or E-GPWS with internal GPS capability with Fine
-
Latitude/Longitude labels
Terrain Database 440 or later
STC or SB for RAAS
• Customer evaluates and selects advisories, sets audio levels,
and the need for an optional RAAS inhibit switch.
• Honeywell creates RAAS Configuration Database (RCD) Card
• Recommend Operator & Pilot Training on RAAS functionality
and any updates to SOP
• Load & Enable RCD PCMCIA cards into E-GPWS
Operator needs to Update Runway & Terrain databases to the latest version
14
RAAS Pluses and Negatives
• Pluses
- A first evolutionary step in reducing runway incursion risk.
- Low cost, practical, and can be done today.
- Simple add-on software to existing E-GPWS. No new
hardware or wiring changes.
- RAAS is only a first step, but should complement a visual Moving Map
Display.
• Negatives
- Sparing of E-GPWS computers between various operators may have to
be adjusted.
- An added ground strap to the rear of the E-GPWS computer can allow
pooling of
spares.
15
Scenario: Departure from Runway of Insufficient Length
16
Scenario: Departure from Runway of Insufficient Length
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Scenario: Departure from Runway of Insufficient Length
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Scenario: Departure from Runway of Insufficient Length
19
Future Developments – RAAS II
20
Future Developments – RAAS II
21
Future Developments – RAAS II
22
Future Developments - SAMS
23
Future Developments - SAMS
24
Future Developments - SAMS
25
Future Developments - SAMS
26
DL-950 USB Data Loader
DL-950 Benefits
28
AH-900 Super AHRS
Upgrade for AH-800
Summary
• Approximately 2200 AH-800 AHRS were produced for ERJ 145,
Dornier 328, Learjet 45, and Citation X aircraft from 1991 – 2002
• With mean Fiber Optic Gyro (FOG) sensor life ~36,000 Hours,
AHRS failures rates, fleet maintenance cost will increase
• All forward build transitioned to AH-900 Super AHRS or
Laseref IRS, by 2002.
• AH-900 Super AHRS has increased operational benefits:
- Eliminates flux valves, and delays due to heading splits and
-
compass swings
Improves reliability leading to fewer cancellations and delays, and
lower maintenance cost
Improved attitude and heading performance
• Conversion of AH-800 equipped aircraft to AH-900 Super
AHRS may be an attractive alternative to increasing
operational costs
Honeywell hopes to gain feedback regarding the attractiveness
of a Super AHRS upgrade
30
AH-900 Super AHRS
• Super AHRS design based on IRS
- RLG Sensors with relaxed
performance requirements
- Gyro Compassing algorithms
compute true heading
- No navigation or velocity outputs
• Stable Magnetic Heading
- Magnetic Variation Lookup Table
- Eliminates Flux Valve
- Eliminates Heading Splits
- Immune to Magnetic Disturbances & Lightning Strikes
• Improved Attitude and Heading Performance
Compared to traditional AHRS products
- Improved weather radar performance
- Improved autopilot performance
- TAS not required for full performance
- True heading output for DSS antenna pointing
31
Comparison Matrix
Features
AH-800 AHRS
AH-900 Super AHRS
TSO
Hardware Qual
Software Certification
C4c, C5e, C6d
DO-160C
DO-178A Level 1
4 MCU
4.9” x7.6”x15.1”
C4c, C5e, C6d
DO-160C
DO-178B Level A
4 MCU
4.9” x7.6”x15.1”
564 in3
16lbs
39W @ 28VDC
ARINC-600
ARINC 429 (3O, 2I)
Discretes (8)
Flux Valve Interface
RS-232 PC Maintenance
ASCB-C
Forced Air
ARINC 600 Tray
7,000
564 in3
16.4 lbs
41W @ 28VDC
ARINC-600
ARINC 429
(6Out, 7In)
Discretes
(9 Out, 24 In)
RS-232 PC Maintenance
Forced Air
ARINC 600 Tray
14,000
Size
Weight
Power
Connector
I/O
Cooling
Mounting
Reliability (MTBF)
32
Comparison Matrix
Features
Gyro technology
Accel technology
AH-800 AHRS
IFOG (3)
Metal (1), Fluid (2)
AH-900 Super AHRS
Digital RLG (3)
Quartz (3)
System technology
Strapdown AHRS, Acceleration, TAS
aided
Strapdown IRS
Heading Stabilization
Maintenance
Flux Valve
BITE, IMT
Controllers
Controller (Required)
Attitude (2σ dynamic)
No aiding
with TAS aiding
Heading(2σ,dynamic)
Magnetic
True
Body Rates (2σ)
Acceleration (2σ)
Navigation (2σ)
Velocity (2σ)
Hybrid (2σ)
N/A
BITE
Automatic Mode Control is Standard
Mode Select Unit can be added as
optional equipment
3°
1°
0.25°
0.25°
2°
N/A
0.1°/sec or 1%
0.01g
N/A
N/A
N/A
2°
1°
0.1°/sec or 1%
0.01g
N/A
N/A
N/A
33
Maintenance Cost Comparison
• 3X Increase in System MTBUR
- Higher AHRS Reliability
- Immunity to Flux Valve Errors, Failures, and Lightning
- Reduced Maintenance Costs (Direct and Indirect)
• Traditional AHRS MTBUR:
- AHRU 3,000 flight hours/Flux Valve 25,000 flight hours
- Dual System MTBUR
= 1,340 flight hours Note:
Note:This
Thisdoes
doesnot
not
include
- AHRS DMC/Aircraft
= $2.5/flight hour
includethe
thecosts
costs
associatedwith
with
- Indirect Flux Valve Costs = $0.75/flight hour associated
delayed
delayedor
orcancelled
- Total/Aircraft
= $3.25/flight hour flights due tocancelled
flights due toflux
flux
valve
• Super AHRS MTBUR:
valverepair
repairor
or
recalibration.
recalibration.
- AHRU 8,000 flight hours
- Dual System MTBUR
= 4,000 flight hours
- AHRS DMC/Aircraft
= $1.8/flight hour
- Total/Aircraft
= $1.8/flight hour
34
Operations and Training
• Operational Differences
- AH-900 initialized once per power-up with present position
provided by FMS
• Training
- Flight operations: minimal training differences
• AH-900 will have different keying from AH-800
• Commonality between units:
- Tray : same
- cooling fan : same
- Tray alignment: required during initial install
35
Installation Considerations Via STC
• Modifications Required
- Add FMS Input Wires (Present Position Initialization)
- Add Configuration Strapping
• Remove Flux Valve
- Eliminates Flux valve maintenance cost.
- Reduces wiring weight and eliminates flux valve weight.
- Eliminates Compass Swing Calibration expense.
• Aircraft Operational Procedures
- Requires FMS present position at initial power up
- Super AHRS will automatically realign attitudes between
flights
• Only available for 328J at this time
- Requires update of IAC to -1x126
36
Benefits Available to current AH800 users
• Upgrade to AH900 insures
- 2X reliability improvement
- New three year warranty – zero maintenance
- 50% reduction in maintenance expense post warrantee
- Elimination of heading split issues
- Improved heading accuracies
Investing in AH 900 will provide years of payback
37
CD-820 - The Next Generation
Control Display Unit
Physical Characteristics
Comparison
CD-820
CD-810
Size (in)
7.125 x 5.75x 6
7.5 x 5.75 x 10
Weight (lbs) 6.0
12.7
Display
AMLCD
CRT
Video
NTSC/RGB
None
Graphic
Yes
No
Growth Path Yes
No
Lighting
Electroluminescent (EL) Incandescent
I/O
5 Discrete Inputs
None
12 Discrete Outputs
MTBF
4500 hrs
3000 hrs
39
Physical Characteristics
• CD-820 is pin-for-pin compatible with CD-810
- no installation wiring harness changes
• Uses same connectors as CD-810
- MS3122F22-55PX
- BNC 226993-2
• CD-820 installation mount is standard Dzus rail
- four MIL-F-25173A type stud fasteners
40
Operational Differences
CD-810
CD-820
• Annunciators
• New Function Keys
41
CD-820 Annunciators
• 6 annunciators are now displayed across the
top of LCD panel
DSPLY
DR
DGRAD
MSG
OFFSET
APRCH
-
Display (DSPLY)
Dead Reckoning (DR)
Degraded (DGRAD)
Message (MSG)
Offset (OFFSET)
Approach (APRCH)
• Incandescent lights eliminated for improved
reliability
• Annunciation is accomplished on CD-820
display with graphical icons
• Annunciators may be individually configured
for display (except for DSPLY)
CD-820
42
CD-820 New Function Keys
• 5 New function keys
-
VIDEO
GRAPHIC
ATC
BACK
FN (Function)
• If new key selected w/NZ5.2, then message in
scratchpad states that particular function is
not available:
ATC NOT AVAILABLE
-
VIDEO NOT AVAILABLE
GRAPHIC NOT AVAILABLE
ATC NOT AVAILABLE
FN NOT AVAILABLE
• Exception is the BACK key, the message
states: BACK COMPLETE
CD-820
43
Other Keyboard Differences
• Edit Keys
– SP (Space)
– +/-
• Infra-red port (growth
feature)
• Brightness control
– knob replaced by
rocker switch
• Electroluminescent
Lighting (EL)
• Silicon (soft) Keys
– Hard Key version also
available
7
44
CD-820 Summary
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Plug-n-play with the CD-810
Reduced weight, volume, power consumption and depth
Increased reliability and lower cost of ownership
Enhanced Keyboard
Designed for future growth
Increased functionality with NZ2000 Version 6.0
CD-810 obsolescence
23
45
1950’s
1960’s
1970’s
1995
Stylus Scratches in Foil
Many Parts
Wear/Tear
Overhaul
Low Reliability
Few Parts
No Wear/Tear
No Overhaul
High Reliability
Flash Memory Chips
INNOVATION thru the YEARS
CVR and FDR system Overview
Microphone
Monitor
Mic. #1
Mic. #2 Mic. #3
Tri-Axial
Accelerometer
Test/Erase/Status
Composite Audio
Area Mic. (WB audio)
Status Flag
(to Cockpit)
Acceleration
Maint. Flag
Narrow Band Audio
Aircraft
Mandatory
Parameters
Rotor
Tachometer
SSFDR
Recorder
Rot. Freq.
Capt. Clock
Serial Data In
Serial Data Out
SSCVR
Recorder
GMT
Flight Data
Acquisition Unit
DATA
14:30:15
FSK Timing
ATC
BITE
BITE
ADL
OMS
Flight Data
Acquisition Unit
Other Subsystem Provisions
CMU
OMS
Hand-Held
Download
Unit
Other Subsystem Provisions
CVR System
•4 audio channel Inputs
•30 minute or 120 min
FDR System
•Datastream Input
•25 Hours at 64/128/256 wps
47
Process - Data to Information
Data
Acquire
Record
Information
Retrieve
Digital &
Analog Input
FDAMS
Review
Digital Input
DVDR
Modular - Flexible - Compatible
48
Recording Solutions
Flight Data Acquisition
& Management System
Digital Flight Data
Acquisition Unit
Flight Data
Inputs
•ARINC 429
•Analog
•Discretes
Air Transport
SSFDR
Air Transport
Combination Recorder
Flight Information Recorder
Flight Data, Voice, Video
Flight Data
Inputs
•MIL-STD-1553
•ARINC 429
•Ethernet
•IEEE 1394
Flight Data Acquisition & Recording
•Flight Data Acquisition & Management - FDAMS
•Acquires Flight Data For Recording
•Aircraft Condition Monitoring Software
•Trend Data
•Event Data
•PCMCIA Data Storage
Air Transport
SSCVR
•Digital Flight Data Acquisition Unit - DFDAU
•Acquires Flight Data For Recording
•SSFDR and SSCVR
•Air Transport - ARINC Form Factor
•Air Transport Combination Recorder
•FDR and CVR Functions
Military / Helicopter
Combination Recorder
•Military / Helicopter Combination Recorder
•Non-ARINC FDR and CVR Functions
•Digital Flight Information Recorder - D3 FIR
•Records 704 - 1400 Mbytes
•FDR and CVR Functions
•Structural Data (optional)
•Video (optional)
Data Analysis
•Single Flight Analysis
•High-Speed Ethernet Download
•Multi-Flight Analysis
•Flight Simulation / Playback •RS-422 out put to VHF Data Radio for
Wireless Download
Health Monitoring
•Diagnostics
•Prognostics
49
Air Transport Combination Recorder - DVDR
• Digital Voice/Data Recorder (DVDR)
– SSFDR and SSCVR functions in a single, compact
package
– TSO/ETSO C-123a and C-124a
– ED-55/ED-56A, DO-160D & DO-178B, ARINC-757
compliant
• NTSB Recommend
– One FDR and CVR in the aircraft nose and in the
rear of the aircraft (2 + 2)
– Dual Combination recorders as an alternative (1 + 1)
• DVDR Availability
– DVDR fit as basic equipment for the new EMB
170/190 aircraft family
– Fits existing CVR rack/tray
– In production since June 03
Install in place of CVR to provide an economical transition
50
Combination Recorder - DVDR
Technical Properties
• Mature SSCVR & SSFDR technology
• Meets all regulatory requirements
• Combined Flight Data and Voice Recorder
• Integrated PCMCIA slot - Fast Data
Download
• Control Panel support for Dual
Installations
• Recorder Independent Power Supply
(RIPS) Option
–
Replaces existing CVR tray
– Provides 10 minutes of backup power
– Integrated battery and charger
Stretch today’s budget to cover tomorrow’s requirements
51
Crash Survivable Memory Unit
• Patent Protected Technology
• Result of 12 Years of R&D
• Increased Fire/Heat Protection
• Over 1-Hour, 1100oC Fire *
• 10-Hour 260oC Bake *
• Precipitation Hardened Stainless Steel Outer Shell
* 100% Data Recovery when 10-Hour Bake Immediately
Follows the 1-Hour High-Intensity Fire
52
Tape to Solid State
Tape Based Recorders
• DFDRs - 981-6009 and UFDR - 980-4100-xxx,.
• Scheduled Maintenance and Calibration required
every 6 months
• Part availability - Tape is still in stock
• Upgrade of Input Channel capacity
• G/R-model sufficient to record 18 parameters in Single box
Solid State Upgrade available for 980-4100-xxx
to 980-4120-xxxx
• NO scheduled Maintenance or Calibration
• Memory upgrade available for SSFDRs
- Increases recording time
- of 64wps from 25hours to 100+ hours
ICAO
ICAO(FLIREC
(FLIRECPanel)
Panel)considering
consideringobsolescence
obsolescenceof
ofTape
Tape
based
basedrecorders.
recorders.. .. .
53
Next Generation Data Analysis Software
• ADRAS For Windows - now ADRAS-32
– Upgraded release available now
– Faster and more flexible
– Incorporates capabilities of the newer Windows
operating systems
– Maintains all the functions required for data
analysis and display
– Windows application look and feel
Common processes enable efficient operations
54
Next Generation Ground Support Equipment
• Ruggedized Portable Ground Support Equipment (RPGSE)
– Ruggedized laptop-based, Windows OS, PC-compatible hardware
– GSE for all solid state recorders
– Replaces and Combines ATU (for FDR) and PATS (for CVR)
– Will host; ADRAS-On-Board
AFW-32
Return-To-Service test
Data Loader (ARINC-615)
Flight Data Download
ACMS ADRT
ACMS VADAR
ACMS Readout
– Base System, with AOB, CVR Playback and AFW available 4Q04
• Additional applications released through 2005
Common PC Platform hosting common software functions
55