DE 4.1 Cell Processes
Explore pages 1-5
Please use the explore section of the Techbook to complete.
1. What are the three parts of the cell theory? All cells come from pre-existing cells, cells are the
basic unit of all living things, and all living things are made of one or more cells.
2. What are cells? The basic unit of life.
3. Cells are organized into tissues.
4. Like all living things, the organs and tissues in the human body are made up of cells that form
individual living units that can function independently from one another. Thus, they are the
smallest living thing in our body. All human children develop when cells unite to form a new
organism.
5. What two categories are all cells divided into? Prokaryotic and eukaryotic
6. What is the main difference between a prokaryote and a eukaryote? Eukaryotes have a nucleus
and prokaryotes do not.
7. List five details about the structure of a prokaryote.
a.
DNA is coiled in the nucleoid
b.
Contain plasmids
c.
Contain ribosomes
d. Enclosed in cell membrane
e. May also have an inner membrane
8. List five details about the structure of a eukaryote.
a.
Larger and more complex
b.
Found in plants and animals
c.
Contain organelles
d. Can have a cell wall in addition to the membrane
e.
They all have nuclei
9. Click on the following words and read their definitions. Write them below.
a. Cytosol-the fluid part of a cell
b. Organelle- one of many membrane-enclosed structures that are found in the cytosol of
eukaryotic cells, each with its own specific function
10. Fill out the chart
Organelle / Structure
Function
Interesting fact or other
information
Nucleus
Control center of cell
Contains most of the cell's
DNA
Nuclear envelope
Envelope the nucleus
It is a double layered
membrane
Nuclear Pore
Provide route for movement
DNA transports through
of large molecules
here
Chromatin
Enables efficient packing of
Made of macromolecules
DNA
Rough ER
Protein synthesis
Ribosomes on surface
Smooth ER
Mitochondria
Lysosomes
Vacuole
Chloroplast
Produces lipids and detoxes
chemicals
Power packs make energy
Contain digestive enzymes to
break down food
Fluid filled sacs to store stuff
and maintain homeostasis in
plants
Produce sugars and starches
via photosynthesis
Centrosomes
Regulate cell division
Peroxisomes
Enzymes contained in
metabolic reactions to break
down things like long fatty
acids
System of fibers used to
maintain cell shape and
transport things
Extend beyond the body of
the cell used for moving cell
and things around the cell or
for sensing things
Cytoskeleton
Cillia and Flagella
No ribosomes on surface
Ovoid shaped
Also break down waste
materials
Larger in plants
Only on plants they
contain the green pigment
the colors plants
Small cylinders only in
animals
Small membrane enclosed
Important for cell division
When used to move the
cell they are usually
present in large groups
11. Name three differences between plant cells and animal cells. Plants have cell walls while animal
cells do not. Chloroplasts are also in plant cells but not in animal cells. Plant cells usually have
one large vacuole while animal cells typically have multiple smaller ones.
12. What is the cell wall of a plant made from? Cellulose
13. Other than the nucleus, name at least one other place the DNA can be found in a cell.
Mitochondria
14. What is ATP and how do cells use it? ATP is the product of cellular respiration and cells use it as
a source of energy.