Lingua Latina
Latin language is an Indo-European language
in the Italic group and ancestral to the modern
Romance languages.
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The Latin language was the language
spoken by inhabitants of ancient Rome and
other people of Latium (the region of central
western Italy in which the city of Rome was
founded and grew to be the capital of the
Roman Empire). The language originated in
around the 8th century BC. Latin reached
its prosperity from 75 BC to 175 AD, as the
Roman Empire was found and the Romans
conquered most parts of Europe and Africa.
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When the Roman Empire collapsed in the
5th century AD, the language diverged into
different kinds of the Romance Languages
that are spoken today in different areas,
including: French, Italian, Spanish,
Romanian, Portuguese etc.
Latin has contributed many words to the
English language. In particular, Latin (and
Ancient Greek) roots are used in English
descriptions of theology, the sciences,
medicine, and law.
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Latin is called a dead language because no
one speaks Latin as a first language
anymore. Even though it is a dead
language, it is not an extinct language
because it is still used in daily life by some
people.
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For example, the Linnaean system of plant
and animal classification was heavily
influenced by Historia Naturalis, an
encyclopedia published by Pliny the Elder.
Roman medicine, recorded in the works of
such physicians as Galen, established that
today's medical terminology would be
primarily derived from Latin and Greek
words. Latin law principles have survived
partly in a long list of Latin legal terms.
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English medical terminology developed
from medieval Latin terminology, which had
absorbed a developed Greek terminology.
There are three main branches of the
present-day medical terminology:
Anatomical
Clinical
Pharmaceutical
Anatomical terminology
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The anatomical terminology is a base for
medical communication. The first official
Latin anatomical nomenclature was
introduced at a congress of anatomists in
Basle in 1895. The last edition of
“Terminologia Anatomica” released in 1998
says: “Anatomical terminology is the
foundation of medical terminology and it is
important that doctors and scientists
throughout the world use the same name
for each structure”.
Clinical terminology
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The clinical terminology is a very important
element of the medical professionals
training. There are over 60,000 clinical
terms in the present-day medical language:
names of diseases and pathological states,
branches of medicine and specialists,
examination procedures and types of
therapy.
Pharmaceutical terminology
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The pharmaceutical terminology is an area
where Latin has been traditionally used. In
many countries of the world prescriptions
are written in Latin. Standard international
nomenclature of drugs is also based on the
Latin language.
Thank
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