History and its Sources What is History? Origin • It originated from the Greek word ‘historia’, meaning "inquiry, knowledge acquired by investigation“ Definition • It is the study of the past, particularly how it relates to humans. • “History is a systematic account of the origin and development of the humankind, a record of the unique events and movements in its life, it is an attempt to recapture however imperfectly, that which is, in a sense, lost forever.” Historiography • Historiography is the study of the way history has been and is written – the history of historical writing. • Historiography helps us to understand the psychology of the historian, his technique of writing Historical Sources • All the materials directly reflecting the historical process and providing an opportunity for studying the past can be termed as Historical Sources. • Historical sources are the basis of any historical investigation, and unless they are studied in a dialectical unity of content and form there can be no scientific knowledge of the history of the development of society. • Two Types: Primary Sources and Secondary Sources Primary Sources • Primary sources are the original materials on which the research is based. • These sources are the contemporary accounts of an event, created by witnesses or recorders who experienced the events or conditions being documented. Examples: • Archaeological or Historical sources • Written Sources are Narrative/Literary Sources, Diplomatic Sources, Social documents. • Non-Written Sources (Or Oral Traditions) Secondary Sources • A secondary source interprets, analyzes and may also criticize primary sources. • Secondary sources are accounts of events which were created well after the main event occurred. Examples: • Books (History books, textbooks, etc) • Articles (Journals, Magazine, and newspaper) • Documentary Films and essays Any Question? Let’s try this! Write PS if it’s a primary source and SS if it’s a secondary source. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. A piece of the original Magna Carta signed by King John in 1215 A book about Princess Diana A mug made in 2013 Roman coins made by the Romans in 45AD A biography about the second president, John Adams A webpage talking about what life may have been like in Ancient Greece A friend telling you about his teacher last year A journal written by Sequoyah about how he created the Cherokee alphabet 9. A newspaper article describing the Great Depression in the 1920s. 10. The Philippine Constitution Thesis Statement Document Analysis Document Analysis A document could be anything that provides a record of something Document Analysis Checklist ❑ What type of document it is? ❑ When was it produced? ❑Why does this document exist? What motivate the author to produce it? ❑ Who produced the document? ❑Who or what is left out of the document? ❑ What kinds of information can we get from the document? ❑ What did this document mean to people during that time? ❑What does the document tells us about the time period? p 11 Basic Question Basic Question ❑What type of document it is? ❑Who produced the document? ❑ When was it produced? ❑What was the historical context of the document p 12 Read Beneath the Surface ❑Why does this document exist? What motivate the author to produce it? ❑ Who or what is left out of the document? ❑ What kinds of information can we get from the document? p 13 Analysis of the Document Basic Question ❑What did this document mean to people during that time? ❑What does the document tells us about the time period? ❑What is the point of view of the sources? • A general • A Soldier under his command • A woman • Or an overseer p 14 Thesis Statement It is a central idea of a text, or a multiple paragraph composition A Thesis Statement can be: 1. Explicit • Strait forward • Is usually located at the end of the introduction 2. Implicit • It is not written in text readers will formulate the thesis statement based on their understanding of the text p 16 Parts of Thesis Statement Basic Question 1. Topic – subject of the text 2. Position – Your stand on the topic 3. Reason – explanation or justification 4. Concession – Opposing Viewpoint on the topic. p 17 How do we write a thesis statement • Identify the details based on the parts of a thesis statement before writing it completely p 18 Topic • regulating children’s mobile gaming Position • Parents should regulate the amount of time their children spend on mobile gaming Reason/s 1. It inhibits social interactions 2. It shortens children’s attention span 3. It’s not always intectually stimulating Concession Basic Question • Mobile gaming can be educational p 19 Basic thesis statement (topic + position) • Parents should regulate the amount of time their children spend on mobile gaming p 20 Thesis statement with concession • Even though, mobile gaming can be educational, Parents should regulate the amount of time their children spend on mobile gaming • While mobile gaming can be educational, Parents should regulate the amount of time their children spend on mobile gaming p 21 Thesis statement with concession + reasons • Even though, mobile gaming can be educational, Parents should regulate the amount of time their children spend on mobile gaming because it inhibits social interactions, it shortens children’s attention span, and it’s not always intectually stimulating p 22 Thesis statement with no concession • Parents should regulate the amount of time their children spend on mobile gaming because it inhibits social interactions, it shortens children’s attention span, and it’s not always intectually stimulating. p 23 Paleolithic Period • Old Stone Age, ancient cultural stage, or level, of human development, characterized by the use of rudimentary chipped stone tools. • The Paleolithic Period is often divided into three parts: Lower, Middle, and Upper. • Two main forms of Paleolithic art are known to modern scholars: small sculptures; and monumental paintings, incised designs, and reliefs on the walls of caves.
