LAND SUITABILITY ASSESSMENT FOR DRAGON FRUIT (Hylocereus
undatus Haw.) IN BOHOL: A GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS
APPROACH
______________
A Thesis
Presented to the Faculty of the
College of Agriculture and Natural Resources
BOHOL ISLAND STATE UNIVERSITY
Zamora, Bilar, Bohol
______________
In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the Degree of
Bachelor of Science in Agricultural Engineering
______________
Renson Roy B. Tac-an
May 2020
ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The researcher would like to express his heartfelt gratitude to the following
individuals who became part of this undertaking through their extraordinary
assistance, encouragement, inspiration and provisions without which, this piece
of work could not have been accomplished and written.
To Engr. Erwin G. Ludevese, Chairperson, Department of Agricultural
and Bio-system Engineering (DABE) and Thesis Adviser, who always gives his
never-ending guidance, knowledgeable suggestions, encouragement and
sharing his professional expertise and advises.
To Mr. Wilbert A. Aureo, Thesis Expert, for his boundless enthusiasm in
extending his expertise towards the research in improving the content and
presentation of manuscript.
To Dr. Severino B. Salera for being accommodating in his approval on
requested data needed for GIS analysis from the source, DA-BAR.
To Dr. Noel T. Lomosbog, Dean, College of Agriculture and Natural
Resources, for his insightful suggestions, correction and timely advice for the
enhancement of manuscript.
To Dr. Marietta C. Macalolot, Campus Director, for her constant
encouragement, support and final approval of the manuscript.
To his family, for the unending support they provided in particular, to his
mother and father, Mrs. Susan B. Tac-an and Mr. Marcelino B. Tac-an, for their
iii
love, unending care, inspiring pieces of advice and relentless financial, moral and
spiritual supports and for instilling in him the confidence and drive to pursue his
bachelor’s degree. Your patience and hardship will not be in vain.
To his Brother, Reyneo B. Tac-an and his Sister, Alvina B. Tac-an for
their encouragement, moral and financial support and inspiring pieces of advice;
to his special someone, Jessica Madijanon whose support has been
unconditional and willing to help in his study.
Special thanks to all Bayaws and classmates, special mention to his thesis
buddies Marito, Brenda, Marelle, William, Aluna, Rey, Hernel, Fatima, and
Dawnah for the meaningful insights and experiences that encouraged and guided
him throughout the development of the study. Also, to Boboy’s Brotherhood in
person of Louvell, Vicencio, William, Albert, Rodel and Benjay for the
camaraderie and shared joyful moments.
Above all, the Almighty God who is the foundation of love and wisdom, for
blessing the researcher the gift of knowledge, vision, strength, good health,
discernment, and passion towards the accomplishment of this study.
And, to everyone whose name may not mention here but in various ways
gave and shared there constant encouragement, valuable comments and
suggestions, assistance and prayers; to those in one way or another has served
as his inspiration, words may not recompense all the efforts and support given
but
this
is
the
only
way
of
expressing
acknowledgement.
iv
his
heartfelt
gratitude
and
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE
………………………………………………..
APPROVAL SHEET
…………………………………………….....
Ii
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
…………………………………………….....
iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
…………………………………………….....
v
LIST OF TABLES
……………………………………………….
viii
LIST OF FIGURES
……………………………………………….
ix
ABSTRACT
……………………………………………….
i
x
Chapter
1
THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE
Rationale………………………………………………….
1
Literature Background.................................................
3
THE PROBLEM
Statement of the Problem………………………………
7
Scope of the Study….…………………………………..
7
Significance of the Study……………………………….
7
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research Environment………………………………….
8
Design…………………………………………………….
9
Materials………………………………………………….
10
Procedure….………………………………………........
10
DEFINITION OF TERMS……………………………………...
v
18
2
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
OF DATA
Crop Requirement of Dragon Fruit in Relation to
Land Suitability……………………………………………..
A
B
C
20
Topography
A.1
Slope………………………………………
21
A.2
Elevation…………………………………..
25
B.1
Rainfall……………………………………..
28
B.2
Temperature……………………………....
31
Climate
Soil Characteristics
C.1
Soil Ph……………………………………..
34
C.2
Soil Depth…………………………………
37
C.3
Soil Texture……………………………….
40
Land Use Map/Land Cover……………………………….
43
Suitability Mapping/Weighted Overlay Analysis……….
46
Field Verification of Existing Dragon Fruit Plantation
in Bohol….......................................................................
3
49
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary of Findings………………………………………
51
Conclusions…………………………………………………
52
Recommendations…………………………………………
53
REFERENCES……………………………………………………………..
54
vi
APPENDICES
APPENDICES
A.
Presentation of Datas………………………………..…………..
57
B.
Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP)……………………………
61
C.
Preparation of Thematic maps………………………………….
67
D.
Geographical Location of Surveyed Dragon Fruit Farms….....
81
E.
Letter Request for every Municipal and others………………..
82
RESEARCHER’S
BIODATA……………………………………………..............................
94
LIST OF TABLES
No.
Title
1
Data Sets Used in the Study…………………………………..
11
2
Crop Requirement of Dragon Fruit………………..…………..
15
3
The Fundamental Scale of Pairwise Comparison……………….
16
4
Dragon Fruit Classes According to its Bio-physical Factor …….
21
5
Suitability Levels and Distribution Based on Slope……….……..
22
6
Suitability Levels and Distribution Based on Elevation………....
25
7
Suitability Levels and Distribution Based on Rainfall……………
28
8
Suitability Levels and Distribution Based on Temperature….….
31
9
Suitability Levels and Distribution Based on Soil pH.…………...
34
10
Suitability Levels and Distribution Based on Soil Depth...………
37
11
Suitability Levels and Distribution Based on Soil Texture.……...
40
12
Suitability, Area and Percentage Base on Land Cover…………
43
13
Suitability Levels and Distribution Base on Land Suitability of
14
Page
Dragon Fruit….………………………………………………………
46
Suitability Levels and Distribution Base on Field Validation……
49
viii
LIST OF FIGURES
No.
Title
Page
1
Location of the Study Area………………………………………...
9
2
Conceptual Model for Land Suitability of Dragon Fruit…………
17
3
Slope Map…………………………………………………………...
23
4
Slope Suitability Map……………………………………………….
24
5
Elevation Map……………………………………………………….
26
6
Elevation Suitability Map…………………………………………..
27
7
Rainfall Map…………………………………………………...........
29
8
Rainfall Suitability Map……………………………………………..
30
9
Temperature Map…………………………………………………..
32
10
Temperature Suitability Map………………………………………
33
11
Soil pH Map…………………………………………………………
35
12
Soil pH Suitability Map……………………………………………..
36
13
Soil Depth Map……………………………………………………...
38
14
Soil Depth Suitability Map………………………………………….
39
15
Soil Texture Map……………………………………………………...
41
16
Soil Texture Suitability Map………………………………………….
42
17
Land Use Map…………………………………………………………
44
18
Land Use Suitability Map…………………………………………….
45
19
Dragon Fruit Land Suitability Map………………………………......
47
20
Land Suitability Map with Geographic Location of Surveyed Farm
48
ix
ABSTRACT
Land suitability assessment is essential for increasing production and planning a
sustainable agricultural system. Therefore, the study aim is to assess the land suitability
for Dragon fruit in four suitability classes (highly suitable, moderately suitable,
marginally suitable, and not suitable), and to validate the existing Dragon fruit
plantation if it was located in suitable areas of the generated land suitability map. In this
study, Province of Bohol was selected as the study area for land suitability analysis using
Geographic Information System (GIS). Pair-wise comparison using Analytical Hierarchy
Process (AHP) approached was applied to get priority weights gathered by the expert
opinions to account their influence in selecting suitable land for Dragon fruit production.
The analysis of land suitability for dragon fruit revealed that, 89.17% of the study area
were moderately suitable, 10.82% for highly suitable, and 0.012% for marginally suitable
areas. The main limiting factors for land suitability were soil pH, soil texture, soil depth,
rainfall, temperature, elevation, land use, and slope. The spatial distribution showed
that 76% of the surveyed plantations were located within moderately suitable land, 12%
in highly suitable areas, and 12% in non-suitable areas.
x
Chapter 1
THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE
Rationale
The origin of Hylocereus spp. is in the tropical and sub-tropical forest
regions of Mexico and Central and South America. From the center of its origin,
dragon fruit spread to tropical and sub-tropical America, Asia, Australia, and the
Middle East. It is a viny, perennial epiphytic cactus with triangular fleshy stems
reaching from a few inches up to 20 ft long when matured and lives up to 45 to
50 years (Mizrahi et al., 1997).
Dragon fruit (Hylocereus undatus) is popular in South East Asia. It is an
edible vine cactus species belonging to the family Cactaceae which has received
worldwide recognition – first, as an ornamental plant and then as a fruit crop. It is
well known for its rich nutrient contents specially vitamin C, phosphorus, calcium
as well as its antioxidant characteristics (Morton, 1987). The fresh fruit contain
82.5-83.0% moisture, 0.16-0.23% protein, 0.21-0.61% fat, 0.7-0.9% fiber.
Hundred gram fresh fruit pulp contains 6.3-8.8 mg calcium, 30.2-36.1 mg
phosphorous, 0.5-0.61 mg iron and 8-9 mg vitamin C (Taiwan Food Industry
Development and Research Authorities, 2005).
In the Philippines, the Dragon Fruit capital is Ilocos Norte which has been
set up by the farmer scientist Editha Dacuycuy who is known to be the “Dragon
Fruit Lady of the North.” Although there is a big plantation of this fruit in Ilocos
Norte and some other parts in the Philippines, the supply of the fruits cannot
2
cater to the rapidly increasing demand (Doo-Wop-Net, 2019). A statement from
the Southern Mindanao Integrated Agricultural Research Center (SMIARC) said
that some 3,000 seedlings and cuttings have already been distributed from the
techno-demo farm to various parts of the country like Bicol, Nueva Ecija, Bohol
and Bukidnon for trail productions (Online Filipino News, 2019). With a lot of
health benefits attributed to the dragon fruit, its popularity is now increasing
particularly here in Bohol.
In 2013, an article by the Philippine Star stated that the dragon fruit
production is a big income earner, and DA-BAR tags dragon fruit as a new
money crop. In the first four years of a dragon fruit farm, one can realize an
accrued net income of P2.5 million, according to the Mariano Marcos State
University (MMSU) in Ilocos Norte (Doo-Wop-Net, 2019).
Here in Bohol, there are a lot of privately owned farms but according to a
key informant, they still cannot cater to the demands of the customers. With a lot
of privately owned farms, there is also a lot of idle lands in Bohol. The booming
tourism of Bohol makes it more suitable for business establishments such as
cafes, restaurants and hotels. With the popularity of Dragon Fruit to its health
benefits, it is now in demand in several establishments (Doo-Wop-Net, 2019). So,
the researcher attempted to map and characterize the suitable site of Dragon
Fruit plantations in Bohol using available information within Geographic
Information Systems (GIS). This research work will provide information at the
local level which can be utilized by farmers for identifying potential areas for
sustained dragon fruit production.
3
LITERATURE BACKGROUND
Legal Bases
The study was conducted pursuant to Republic Act No. 7900, an act to
promote the production, processing, marketing, and distribution of high-value
crops, providing funds therefor, and for other purposes. Section 2, paragraph 1
states that the state should accelerate the growth and development of agricultural
in general, enhance productivity and incomes of farmers and the rural
population_, improve investment climate, competencies and efficiency of
agribusiness and develop high value-crops as export crops that will significantly
augment the foreign exchange earnings of the country through and all-out
promotion of the production, processing, marketing, and distribution of high-value
crops in suitable areas of the country.
Moreover, the study was particularly aimed pursuant to Section 5 of the
same Act on Site Identification whereby the Department of Agrarian Reform and
the Department of Agriculture, in coordination with the Department of
Environment and Natural Resources, and the municipal government concerned,
shall identify the broad areas suitable for high-valued crops production, within six
(6) months after the effectivity of this Act.
Dragon Fruit Production Trend in the Philippines
Area planted to dragon fruit in the Philippines has been increasing in the
last six years. From 182 hectares in 2012, the country’s total area planted to
4
dragon fruit in 2017 is 450 hectares (PSA 2018). The same trend can be
observed with annual production wherein it increased from 256 to 1,463 metric
tons. The top producing regions in the Philippines in 2017 are mainly in Luzon
(Ilocos, Cagayan Valley, CALABARZON, and Central Luzon), and Central
Visayas. The annual production volume in these regions ranges from 106-507
metric tons. Ilocos Norte has the largest area planted to dragon fruit in the
country. In 2012, the area and number of dragon fruit growers in the said
province were 51.21 hectares and 289, respectively (DOST-PCAARD 2012).
Area and production values in the Philippines are however smaller compared
with its neighboring countries.
Growth/Site Requirements of Dragon Fruit
Climatic condition. Dragon fruits can tolerate poor soil conditions and
temperature variations. Tropical climate is good for dragon fruit cultivation.
Dragon fruit will not grow in cold climates, the required temperature is above
40°F to prevent damage from occurring to the plant. For optimal growth, the
temperature needs to be between 65°F and 80°F. Also it needs about 5001500mm annual rainfall with alternate dry and wet climatic condition. It need
good sunlight, but not suitable for long period.
Soil and Water. Good drainage system is important to dragon fruit
cultivation, since this plant is a cactus plant it is important to make sure that it is
watered properly. 10-30% sandy soils with organic matters provide good
condition for plant growth. Sandy soils also suitable for dragon fruit cultivation.
5
Dragon fruit can grow in any soil that is well draining, but it prefers to grow in soil
that is slightly acidic with a pH level that is between 6 and 7.
Topography. Mounding is recommended for flat terrain that is subject to
periodic flooding. Dragon fruit is shallow rooted with most roots concentrated at
the top 15-30 cm soil depth. Elevation plays a vital role in growth and
development of dragon fruit plants. Optimum elevation is 100 to 800 above sea
level preferably with 30% shade to full sun, as dragon fruit grows slowly when
shaded.
Importance of GIS Mapping
Geographic Information System (GIS) is a computer system for capturing,
storing, checking, and displaying data related to positions on Earth’s surface. GIS
ca help individuals and organizations better understand spatial patterns and
relationships. GIS can use any information that includes location. The location
can be expressed in many different ways, such as latitude and longitude,
address, or ZIP code. Many different types of information can be compared and
contrasted using GIS. The system can include data about people, such as
population, income, or education level. It can include information about the
landscape, such as the location of streams, different kinds of vegetation, and
different kinds of soil. It can include information about the sites of factories,
farms, and schools; or storm drains, roads, and electric power lines. With GIS
technology, people can compare the locations of different things to discover how
they relate to each other (www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclo pedia). It is also
6
used to display and produce maps. GIS can be used not only for automatically
producing maps, but it is unique in its capacity for integration and spatial analysis
of multisource datasets (Pascasio, 2015).
GIS-based Land Use Suitability Analysis
The GIS-based approaches to land-use suitability analysis have their roots
in the applications of hand-drawn overlay techniques used by American
landscape architects in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century (Collins et
al., 2001). McHarg (1969) advanced the overlay techniques by proposing a
procedure that involved mapping data on the natural and human-made attributes
of the environment of a study area, and then presenting this information on
individual, transparent maps using light to dark shading (high suitability to low
suitability) and superimposing the individual transparent maps over each other to
construct the overall suitability maps for each land use. Although McHarg’s
approach is widely recognized as a precursor to the classical overlay procedures
in GIS (Miller, 1993). Tomlinson (1999) suggests that it was his company, Spartan
Air Services of Ottawa that first proposed computerizing the overlay method
(Waters, 2002). Over the last 40 years or so, GIS-based land-use suitability
techniques have increasingly become integral components of urban, regional and
environmental planning activities (Collins et al., 2001).
7
THE PROBLEM
Statement of the Problem
The main objective of this study is to map out suitable areas for dragon
fruit production in Bohol using geographic information system (GIS).
Specifically, the study aims to:
1. What are the areas in Bohol that are suitable for Dragon fruit production? ;
2. Do the surveyed Dragon fruit plantations located within the GISgenerated suitable areas?
Scope and Limitations
The study covered the whole province of Bohol. GIS was used to
determine areas which can favor for dragon fruit plantations in Bohol.
Environmental factors such as climate, topography, and soil characteristics were
used in the study to carry out analysis with a view of designing a land suitability
model to evaluate land suitability. Several ecological factors in relation to climate,
topography and soil characteristics of each species were obtained as secondary
data. These were all transformed into thematic maps prior to GIS processing and
analysis and weight of influence of these factors in the suitability of dragon fruit
were identified through Analytical Hierarchy Process.
Significance of the Study
The result of the study was expected to contribute to the following people
or groups:
8
Academe. The outputs of the study would be useful to the students as
well as the instructors who are working on the same area of research. Moreover,
it would serve as the basis in conducting further study on land suitability
assessment.
Researchers. The results of the study would be useful to the researchers
as a reference in disseminating information and would be very helpful for the
researchers having similar studies as a basis for the formulation of data and as
reference material. The output of this study would glow the researcher’s interest
and would find this data useful and interesting.
Local Community, National Governments and Departments. The
results of this study will be helpful especially to the farmers to provide direction in
identifying potential expansion areas for sustained dragon fruit production. This
research may contribute a lot of knowledge and information to the different
sectors especially to the national government and departments with regard to the
production of dragon fruit by means increasing the area of production.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research Environment
The study was conducted in the province of Bohol. Bohol is geographically
located between 123°40’ and 124°40’ East longitude and extends from 9°30’ to
10°15’ North latitude, in the central portion of Visayas. It is generally flat and plain
with only a few mountainous areas at the northeastern portion suitable for the
9
massive cultivation of agricultural products. The slopes of these mountainous
areas have good potential for commercial/urban and even industrial site
development because of their natural drainage capacity (Travero, 2016).
Source: ppdo.bohol.gov.ph
Figure 1. Map of Bohol
Design
Digital mapping through Geographic Information System (GIS) was
adopted in this study to attain the identified objectives using different input maps
such as climate, soil, and topographic maps. These maps were combined with
the dragon fruit growth requirement data in a GIS (mapping) environment.
10
Materials
The materials used in the study were laptop, camera, GPS receiver, and
GIS software.
Procedure
Data Identification. It involves the identification of the crop requirements
for dragon fruit species in relation to climate, topography, and soil. The criteria for
dragon fruit species suitability classes were prepared based on the work of
Pascasio (2015).
Collection of Base and Thematic Maps. Base and thematic maps were
collected from available sources and some were generated by adapting the
existing GIS-based strategies.
Rainfall. The climate map including the rainfall data was gathered from
PAGASA. This was generated using the interpolation method within the GIS
environment using rainfall data from existing rainfall stations within the study
area.
Elevation Map. The elevation map was extracted from the Philippine
elevation thematic map from the National Mapping Resource Information
Authority (NAMRIA).
Slope Map. The slope map was generated using the IFSAR DEM or any
available DEM.
11
Soil map. Soil map was extracted from the FAO website. Available
regional or national level soil maps can also be the source of this thematic layer.
Sources may include BSWM and DA-BAR through its GIS units.
Soil Depth. Drainage and soil depth were extracted from the FAO website.
Sources may include BSWM and DA-BAR through its GIS units.
GIS Input Files Acquisition
Thematic layers were obtained from several government authorities and
known sources. The IFSAR digital elevation model (DEM) was extracted from the
Philippine elevation thematic map from the National Mapping Resource
Information Authority (NAMRIA). The rainfall and temperature data were gathered
from Bohol PAGASA stations. The soil and drainage maps were acquired from
the Bureau of Water Management (BSWM) through the Department of
Agriculture.
Table 1
Data Sets Use in the Study
DATA TYPE
FORM
SOURCE
Bohol Map Boundary
Rainfall
Digital – shapefile
Excel
Temperature
Excel
Elevation map
Digital - raster format
DA-BAR
PAG-ASA Station- Dauis
BES, Carmen Agromet
PAG-ASA Station- Dauis
BES- Ubay
DA-BAR
Slope map
Digital - raster format
DA-BAR
Soil Depth
Excel
DA-BAR
Soil pH
Excel
Soils Grid
Soil texture
Digital - raster format
DA-BAR
12
GIS Processing and Analysis
Interpolation. To determine the unknown values of geographic point data
such as rainfall and temperature in the study area, the mean annual rainfall and
mean annual temperature were interpolated using Inverse Distance Method
(IDW).
Reclassification. To recategorize the parameters for the generation of
the land suitability map for Dragon fruit in the study area, the soil textural map,
soil depth, soil pH, slope map, elevation, and rainfall were rearranged in different
maps. Reclassification was done based on the land suitability criteria for dragon
fruit cited by Pascasio (2015).
Reclassification of soil texture. The soil textural map was reclassified into
based on the specific soil types under the soil series.
Reclassification of soil depth. The soil depth was reclassified into 4
ranges: 0-30 cm, 31-50 cm, 51-99 cm, and >99 cm. Soil depth ranging from 0-30
cm were classified as not suitable for dragon fruit growing. Soil depth ranging
from 30-50 cm were classified as marginally suitable. Soil depth ranging from 5080 cm were classified as moderately suitable and soil depth 100-120 cm were
classified as highly suitable for dragon fruit growing.
Reclassification of soil pH. The soil pH was reclassified into 7 ranges:
<3.5, 3.5-4.4, 4.5-5.4, 5.5-6.5, 6.6-7.5, 7.6-8.5, and >8.5. The soil with soil pH
<3.5 or >8.5 was classified as not suitable for dragon fruit growing. The soil with
soil pH ranging from 7.6-8.5 or 3.5-4.4 was classified as marginally suitable. The
13
soil with soil pH ranging from 6.6-7.5 or 4.5-5.4 was classified as moderately
suitable and the soil with soil pH ranging from 5.5-6.5 was classified as highly
suitable for dragon fruit growing.
Reclassification of slope. The slope map generated from DEM was
reclassified into 4 ranges: 0-3 %, 3-8 %, 8-16 %, and >16 %. The land with slope
gradients >16 % was classified as not suitable for dragon fruit growing. The land
with slope gradients of 8-16 % was classified as marginally suitable. The land
with slope gradients of 3-8 % was classified as moderately suitable and the land
with the slope gradients of 0-3 % was classified as highly suitable for dragon fruit
growing.
Reclassification of elevation. The elevation map was reclassified into 5
ranges: 0-30 m, 31-50 m, 51-99 m, 101-800 m and >800 m. The land with
elevation ranging from 0-30 m and >800m was classified as not suitable for
dragon fruit growing. The land with elevation ranging from 31-50 m was classified
as marginally suitable. The land with elevation ranging from 51-100 m was
classified as moderately suitable and the land with elevation 101-800m was
classified as highly suitable for dragon fruit growing.
Reclassification of rainfall. The interpolated mean annual rainfall was
reclassified into 7 ranges: 0-200 mm, 201-400 mm, 401-500 mm, 501-2,000 mm,
2,001-2,200 mm, 2,201-2,400 mm, and >2,400 mm. The area with mean annual
rainfall ranging from 0-200 mm or >2,400 mm was classified as not suitable for
dragon fruit growing. The area with mean annual rainfall ranging from 201-400
mm or 2,201-2,400 mm was classified as marginally suitable. The area with
14
mean annual rainfall ranging from 401-500 mm or 2,001-2,200 mm was classified
as moderately suitable and the area with annual mean rainfall ranging from 5012,000 mm was classified as highly suitable for dragon fruit growing.
Reclassification
of
temperature.
The
interpolated
annual
mean
temperature will be reclassified into 7 ranges: >10 °C, 10-14 °C, 15-20 °C, 21-30
°C, 31-36 °C, 37-42 °C, and >42. The area with a mean annual temperature <10
°C or >35 °C was classified as not suitable dragon fruit plantation. The area with
mean annual temperature ranging from 10-14 °C or 37-42 °C was classified as
marginally suitable. The area with mean annual temperature ranging from 15-20
°C or 31-36 °C was classified as moderately suitable and the area with mean
annual temperature ranging from 21-20 °C was classified as highly suitable for
dragon fruit plantations.
Reclassification of land use map. The land use map of the study area was
reclassified by selecting the type of land covers suitable in the study. The suitable
types of land cover that were selected are annual crop, perennial crop, shrubs,
grassland, and wooded grassland. It is noted that the mangrove forest, open
forest, barren land, built-up, fishpond, and inland water were eliminated to
determine the potential area for dragon fruit growing.
15
Table 2
Criteria for Suitability Requirement of Dragon Fruit
Scoring Criteria
Indicators
S1
S2
S3
S4
Slope
(1-3%)
(3-8%)
(8-16%)
(>16%)
Soil texture
C<60s, SiCCo,
SiCl,Cl,SiL,SC
C>60s,L,C>60v,
LfS,SCl,S
C>60v,fS,
Lcs
Cm,SiCm
Soil pH
5.5-6.5
6.6-7.5
4.5-5.4
7.6-8.5
3.5-4.4
8.6-14
0-3.6
Soil Depth (cm)
100-120
51-99
31-50
0-30
Elevation (m)
asl
101-800
51-100
31-50
>800
0-30
Temperature
(°C)
21-30
31-36
15-20
37-42
10-14
>42
<10
Rainfall
501-2000
2001-2200
401-500
2201-2400
201-400
>2400
0-200
Note:
Silty Clay loam (SiCl), Clay loam (Cl), Silty Loam (SiL),
Sandy Clay (SC), Sandy Clay Loam (SCl), Sandy (S)
Source: Pascasio (2015)
Assigning Weights. The Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) developed
by Saaty (2008) was used in assigning weights. Basic steps in AHP include factor
pairwise comparison; fraction to decimal value; conversion; normalization; criteria
weighting and consistency calculation.
16
Table 3
The Fundamental Scale of Pairwise Comparison
Intensity
importance
1
Definition
Equal importance
3
Weak importance of one over another
5
Essential or strong importance
7
Demonstrated importance
9
Absolute importance
2,4,6,8
Reciprocals
Intermediate values between the two
adjacent judgements
Explanation
Two activities contribute
equally to the objectives
Experience and judgment
slightly favor one activity
over other
Experience and judgment
strongly favor one activity
over another
An activity is strongly favour
and its dominance
demonstrated in practice.
The evidence favour one
activity over another is of
the highest possible order
of affirmation
When compromise is needed
If activity,has one of the above number
assigned to it when compared with
activity j, then j has a reciprocal value
when compared when it.
Overlay Analysis. The various data set layers together with their weights
were overlayed using the raster calculator tool and the suitability maps for dragon
fruit will be generated.
Figure 2, as shown is a flow chart showing the overall process of carrying
out a land suitability analysis for Dragon fruit. A number of factors were
considered in the process which included climate, topography and soil
characteristics.
17
Figure 2. Conceptual Model for Land Suitability of Dragon fruit
18
DEFINITION OF TERMS
Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). It is one of the Multi-Criteria
decision-making method that was originally developed by Prof. Thomas L. Saaty.
In short, it is a structured technique for organizing and analyzing complex
decisions, based on mathematics and psychology and also a method to derive
ratio scales from paired comparisons.
ArcGIS. It is a geographic information system (GIS) for working with maps
and graphic information. It is used for creating and using maps, compiling
geographic data, analyzing mapped information, sharing and discovering graphic
information in a range of applications and managing geographic information in a
database.
Dragon Fruit. It is an exotic and delicious fruit which is often considered a
tropical “super_food” because of its health benefits, it is also known as “pitaya”.
Climate. It is the statistics of weather over a long period of time.
Data set. It is a collection of data; most commonly data set corresponds to
the__content of a single database table or a single statistical data matrix.
Elevation. It is a land with respect to the level of the sea surface
influences plant growth and development primarily through temperature effects.
Geographic Information System (GIS). It is a system designed to
capture, store, manipulate, analyze, manage, and present all types of spatial or
geographical data.
IFSAR DEM (Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar). It is a powerful
approach in generating high-resolution digital data through the use of the Digital
19
Elevation Model (DEM) and an orthorectified radar image.
Land Suitability. It is the fitness of a given type of land for a defined use.
Rainfall. It is the amount of precipitation of any type usually taken as that
amount measured by means of a rain gauge.
Scientific visualization. The process of interaction, manipulation, and
expression of information.
Slope. It is the percentage change in its elevation over a certain distance.
Topography. It is the study of the land and water features of an area.
Weighted Overlay. It is a method of modeling suitability. ArcGIS uses the
following process for this analysis; assigning a weight to each raster in the
overlay process allows you to control the influence of different criteria in the
suitability model.
Soil Texture. The composition of the soil in terms of the amounts of small
(clays), medium (silts), and large (sands) size particles.
20
Chapter 2
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
This chapter deals with presentation, analysis and interpretation of data
for land suitability of Dragon fruit in Bohol. These include the utilization of climate
(rainfall, and temperature), topography (elevation, and slope), and soil (depth,
texture, & soil pH). Analytical hierarchy process, weighted overlay analysis and
overlaying of existing Dragon fruit plantation in Bohol were also considered.
Crop Requirement of Dragon Fruit for Land Suitability
The rasterized datasets were reclassified following what was used by FAO
(1976) and also implemented by Saaty (1980) in his famous method of Analytic
Hierarchy Process FAO (1976) provided certain recommendations on how land
suitability is to be evaluated. In the process of reclassification of the datasets, the
use of such grading as S1, S2, S3 and S4 were compiled to imply “highly
suitable”, “moderately suitable”, “marginally suitable” and “not suitable”
respectively. Suitability assessment of the crop was based on factors of the crop
requirement presented in Table 4. These were also used in reclassifying the
collected maps.
21
Table 4
Dragon Fruit Classes According to its Bio-physical Factors
Scoring Criteria
Indicators
S1
S2
S3
S4
Slope
(1-3%)
(3-8%)
(8-16%)
(>16%)
Soil texture
C<60s, SiCCo,
SiCl,Cl,SiL,SC
C>60s,L,C>60v,
LfS,SCl,S
C>60v,fS,
Lcs
Cm,SiCm
Soil pH
5.5-6.5
6.6-7.5
4.5-5.4
7.6-8.5
3.5-4.4
8.6-14
0-3.6
Soil Depth (cm)
100-120
51-99
31-50
0-30
Elevation (m)
asl
101-800
51-100
31-50
>800
0-30
Temperature
(°C)
21-30
31-36
15-20
37-42
10-14
>42
<10
Rainfall
501-2000
2001-2200
401-500
2201-2400
201-400
>2400
0-200
Note: Silty Clay loam (SiCl), Clay loam (Cl), Silty Loam (SiL),
Sandy Clay (SC), Sandy Clay Loam (SCl), Sandy (S)
Source: Pascasio (2015)
Topograpy
Slope. From the Suitability requirement of Dragon fruit based on slope 13% was classified as highly suitable; 3-8% as moderately suitable; 8-16% as
marginally suitable, and above 16% were classified not suitable based on
Pascasio (2015). The slope map of the area is shown in Figure 3 and the
suitability map based on the slope requirement for Dragon fruit was shown in
Figure 4. Table 5 presents the suitability levels and distribution based on slope of
the study area.
22
Table 5
Suitability Levels and Distribution Based on Slope
Slope (%)
1-3
3-8
8-16
>16
Sources: DA-BAR
Suitability level
Highly suitable
Moderately Suitable
Marginally Suitable
Not suitable
Area (km2)
776
704
655
1790
Percentage (%)
19.77
17.94
16.69
45.60
23
Figure 3. Slope Map of Bohol
24
Figure 4. Slope Suitability Map of Dragon Fruit
25
Elevation. From suitability levels and distribution based on elevation
(Table 6), 101-800 m above sea level was selected as highly suitable; 51-100 m
were moderately suitable, 31- 50 m were marginally suitable, and 0-30 and >800
were considered not suitable , majority of study area was highly suitable of
Dragon fruit based on elevation. Figure 5 presents the topographic map of the
study area, and Figure 6 shows the suitability map based on the elevation
requirement for Dragon fruit on the next page.
Table 6
Suitability Levels and Distribution Based on Elevation
Elevation (m)
Suitability Level
Area (km2)
Percentage (%)
101-800
Highly suitable
2203
56.13
51-100
Moderately Suitable
520
13.25
31-50
Marginally suitable
286
7.29
0-30; >800
Not Suitable
916
23.33
Sources: DA-BAR, NAMRIA
26
Figure 5. Elevation Map of Bohol
27
Figure 6. Elevation Suitability Map of Dragon Fruit
28
Climatic Factors
Rainfall. Based on data acquired, the minimum rainfall of 1452 mm/yr
dominated the Dauis area while the maximum rainfall of 2509 mm/yr dominated
the areas in Carmen. From the suitability requirement for Dragon fruit based on
rainfall presented in Table 4, averaging annually of 501 - 2000 mm/yr were
characterized as highly suitable, 2001-2200 mm/yr and 401-500 mm/yr were
moderately suitable, 2201-2400 mm/yr were marginally suitable, and >2400
mm/yr were characterized as not suitable.Figures 7 and 8 present the rainfall
map of the area and suitability map based on rainfall requirement for Dragon
fruit, respectively.
Table 7
Suitability Levels and Distribution Based on Rainfall
Rainfall (mm/yr.)
Suitability Level
Area (km2)
Percentage (%)
501 – 2000
Highly suitable
640
16.30
2001 – 2200
Moderately suitable
1794
45.70
2201 – 2400
Marginally suitable
1057
26.92
>2400
Not suitable
435
11.08
Sources: PAG-ASA, BES, R&D Carmen
29
Figure 7. Rainfall Map of Bohol
30
Figure 8. Rainfall Suitability Map of Dragon Fruit
31
Temperature. Based on data acquired, the minimum temperature per year
was 26.7 Celsius depicted to dominate in Ubay (BES) while the maximum
temperature with 27.7 Celsius was highlighted in Dauis. From the suitability
requirement for Dragon fruit based on temperature as presented in Table 4, 2130 °C were characterized as highly suitable. The temperature map of the area is
shown in Figure 9 while Figure 10 presents the suitability map based on the
slope requirement for Dragon fruit.
Table 8
Suitability Levels and Distribution Based on Temperature
Temperature (°C)
Suitability Level
Area (km2)
21-30
Highly suitable
3926
Sources: PAG-ASA and BES
Percentage (%)
100
32
Figure 9. Temperature Map of Bohol
33
Figure 10. Temperature Suitability Map of Dragon Fruit
34
Soil Characteristics
Soil pH. From the suitability requirement of Dragon fruit based on soil pH
(Table 4), 5.5-6.5 were selected as highly suitable; 6.6-7.5 and 4.5-5.4 were
moderately suitable; 3.5-4.4 and 7.6-8.5 were marginally suitable; and <3.5 and
>8.5 were not suitable. Figure 11 presents the soil pH map of the study area, and
Figure 12 shows the suitability map based on the soil pH requirement for Dragon
fruit. Table 9 shows the suitability levels and distribution based on soil pH of the
study area.
Table 9
Suitability Levels and Distribution Based on Soil pH
Suitability Level
Area (km2)
5.5-6.5
Highly Suitable
3840
97.81
4.5-5.4
Moderately Suitable
86
2.19
Soil pH
Sources: DA-BAR, NAMRIA
Percentage (%)
35
Figure 11. Soil pH Map of Bohol
36
Figure 12. Soil pH Suitability Map of Dragon Fruit
37
Soil Depth. From the suitability requirement of Dragon fruit based on soil
depth (Table 4), 100-120 cm were selected as highly suitable; 51-99 cm as
moderately suitable; 31-50 cm as marginally suitable, and 0-30 and >120 cm as
not suitable. The whole part of study area was highly suitable for Dragon fruit
based on soil depth. Figure 13 presents the soil depth map of the study area, and
Figure 14 shows the suitability map based on soil depth requirement for dragon
fruit. Table 10 shows the suitability levels and distribution based on the soil depth
of the study area.
Table 10
Suitability Levels and Distribution Based on Soil Depth
Soil Depth (cm)
100-120
Suitability Level
Highly Suitable
Sources: DA-BAR, NAMRIA
Area (km2)
3977
Percentage (%)
100
38
Figure 13. Soil Depth Map of Bohol
39
Figure 14. Soil Depth Suitability Map of Dragon Fruit
40
Soil Texture. From the suitability levels and distribution based on soil
texture (Table 11), Batuan Clay Loam, Calape Clay Loam, Baluarte Clay Loam,
Mandawe Clay Loam, Ubay Sandy Loam, and Ubay Clay Loam were classified
as highly suitable; Annam Clay, Sevilla Clay, Batuan-Faraon Complex, Bolinao
Clay, Batuan Clay, Ubay Clay, Candijay Clay, Faraon Clay, and Inabanga Clay
were moderately suitable; Mountain Soil (undifferentiated) and unknown soil type
were classified as marginally suitable; Beach Sand, Hydrosol and Rough Stony
Land were classified as not suitable. The soil texture map is shown in Figure 15,
and the suitability map based on the requirement for dragon fruit is shown in
Figure 16.
Table 11
Suitability Levels and Distribution Based on Soil Texture
Soil Texture
Suitability
Level
Batuan Clay Loam, Calape Clay
Loam, Baluarte Clay Loam, Mandawe
Highly
Clay Loam, Ubay Sandy Loam, and
Suitable
Ubay Clay Loam
Annam Clay, Sevilla Clay, BatuanFaraon Complex, Bolinao Clay,
Moderately
Batuan Clay, Ubay Clay, Candijay
Suitable
Clay, Faraon Clay, and Inabanga
Clay
Mountain Soil (undifferentiated) and Marginally
unknown soil type
Suitable
Beach Sand, Hydrosol and Rough
Not
Stony Land
Suitable
Sources: FAO, DA-BAR
Area
(km2)
Percentage
(%)
289
7.39
3477
88.97
69
1.76
73
1.87
41
Figure 15. Soil Texture Map of Bohol
42
Figure 16. Soil Texture Suitability Map of Dragon Fruit
43
Land Cover. The thematic map for land cover 2015 was acquired from
DA-BAR. Annual crop, perennial crop, shrubs, grassland and wooded grassland
were classified as suitable areas for Dragon fruit plantation. The mangrove
forest, open forest, barren land, built-up, fishpond and inland water were
classified as not suitable. The area and percentage of the land cover types are
shown in Table 12. Figures 17 and 18 presents the land use map of the area and
land use suitability map for Dragon fruit, respectively.
Table 12
Suitable and Not Suitable Percentage base on Land Cover
Land Cover
Annual Crop
Perennial Crop
Shrubs
Grassland
Wooded Grassland
Mangrove Forest
Open Forest
Barren Land
Built-Up
Fishpond
Inland Water
Sources: DA-BAR
Suitable or
Not
Suitable
Suitable
Suitable
Suitable
Suitable
Not
Not
Not
Not
Not
Not
Area (km2)
Percentage (%)
772
1657
627
269
300
106
95
1
63
59
14
19.48
41.81
15.82
6.79
7.57
2.67
2.40
0.03
1.59
1.49
0.35
44
Figure 17. Land Use Map of Bohol
45
Figure 18. Land Use Suitability Map of Dragon Fruit
46
Suitability Mapping
All reclassified maps such as slope, elevation, soil pH, soil depth, soil
texture, elevation, rainfall, and temperature as factors were overlaid using
weighted overlay. To identify the suitable areas for dragon fruit production, the
weighted overlay was clipped on the land use suitability map. The criteria weights
of the different factors were pre-calculated using pairwise comparison. It was
found out that temperature had the highest weights of 34%, followed by elevation
(23%), slope (15%), rainfall (12%), while soil texture and soil pH having an equal
weights of 6%, and soil depth (4%). The map clearly showed that majority of the
land areas in the Province of Bohol accounting 10.82% was highly suitable,
89.17% was moderately suitable (Table 13). Figure 19 shows the raster map of
suitable areas for Dragon fruit plantations based on bio-physical factors and
Figure 20 shows the raster map of suitable areas for dragon fruit plantations in
Bohol.
Table 13
Suitability Levels and Distribution
Suitability Level
Area (ha)
Percentage (%)
Highly suitable
35750
10.82
Moderately suitable
294732
89.17
Marginally Suitable
40
0.012
47
Figure 19. Suitability Map of Dragon Fruit (Based on Bio-physical Factors)
48
Figure 20. Final Suitability Map of Dragon Fruit
49
Field Verification
As shown in Figure 21, the points represent the location of surveyed
existing Dragon fruit plantations. The map showed that the existing plantations of
Dragon fruit in Bohol are mostly in moderate suitable areas having a 75.76% of
the existing plantations, 12.12% in highly suitable areas, and 12.12% can be
found in not suitable areas. The inventory data portrayed in the generated
suitability map indicated that many Dragon fruit plantations could possibly be
established in Bohol.
Table 14
Suitability Levels and Distribution
Suitability Level
Existing Plantation
Percentage (%)
Highly suitable
4
12.12
Moderately suitable
25
75.76
Not Suitable
4
12.12
50
Figure 21. Suitability Map of Dragon Fruit with Existing Plantations
51
Chapter 3
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary of Findings
The study was conducted in the province of Bohol. The study aimed to: a)
determine the areas in Bohol that are suitable for Dragon fruit production using
GIS and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) methods, and b) to identify the
geographical location of the existing dragon fruit plantation in Bohol.
The crop requirement of dragon fruit considered in this study are:
temperature, rainfall, soil texture, soil pH, soil depth, elevation, slope, and land
cover as bases for the development of suitability map for dragon fruit production.
This crop requirement of dragon fruit that were mentioned above are solely
based on the study of Pascasio (2015).
Through GIS analysis the thematic maps of every factors were classified
based on dragon fruit bio-physical factors requirement into four classes the highly
suitable(S1),
moderately
suitable(S2),
marginally
suitable(S3),
and
not
suitable(S4). The results of reclassified maps were the following: slope has four
class: highly suitable having an area of 776 km 2 (19.77%), moderately suitable
having an area of 704 km2 (17.94%), marginally suitable with an area of 655 km2
(16.69%), and not suitable with an area of 1790 km 2 (45.60%); elevation has four
classes: highly suitable, moderately suitable, marginally suitable, and not suitable
with an area of 2203 km2 (56.13%),520km2 (13.25%), 286 km2 (7.29%), and 916
km2 (23.33%) respectively; rainfall has four classes: highly suitable, moderately
52
suitable, marginally suitable, and not suitable extends an area of 640 km 2
(16.30%), 1794 km2 (45.70%), 1057 km2 (26.92%), and 435 km2 (11.08%)
respectively; temperature has one class: highly suitable with an area of 3926 km 2
(100%); soil pH has two classes: highly suitable with an area of 3840 km 2
(97.81%) and moderately suitable with an area of 86 km 2 (2.19%); soil depth has
one class: highly suitable with an area of 3977 km2 (100%); soil texture has four
classes: highly suitable with an area of 289 km 2 (7.39%), moderately suitable
with an area of 3477 km2 (88.97%), marginally suitable with an area of 69 km2
(1.76%), and not suitable with an area of 73 km2 (1.87%).
Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used to generate weights for
each parameter and considered the following emphasis: temperature (34%),
elevation (23%), slope (15%), rainfall (12%), soil texture (6%), soil pH (6%), and
soil depth (4%). All maps were overlaid and the generated map was clipped by
the land cover map to have the final suitability map.
The study indicate that the results of dragon fruit suitability classes shows
that highly suitable, moderately suitable, and marginally suitable cover an area of
35,750 ha (10.82%), 294,732 ha (89.17%), and 40 ha (0.012%) respectively’
Conclusions
Majority of the study area were moderately suitable having a total of
294,732 ha (89.17%) and an area of 35, 750 ha (10.82%) for highly suitable. For
all dragon fruit plantations in bohol, 75.76% of the surveyed plantaions were
located in moderate suitable areas, 12.12% were located in highly suitable areas,
53
and a 12.12% can be found in not suitable areas. The Geographical Information
System (GIS) is a powerful tool to use in assessing for land suitability to crops. It
is an effective system to characterize the requirements features and for
reclassifying of thematic maps. Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) had an
important role in determining weights used for overlaying.
Recommendations
Based on the findings and conclusion of the study. The following
recommendations are offered.
1. There should be more sources for rainfall, temperature, and soil data
for better results of the maps.
2. There must be a training/seminar to be conducted related to GIS
mapping.
3. There is a need to add the bio-physical factor added for suitability
mapping such as relative humidity.
54
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57
Appendix A
Presentation of Datas
Table 1
Annual Rainfall data (mm from year 2014 - 2019
Year
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
JAN.
554.81
343.3
163.25
401.3
368.5
298.3
FEB.
59.35
87.72
124.6
105.4
369.5
52
MARCH
239.21
22.4
0.02
257.2
113.4
200.1
APRIL
87.5
51
56.8
223.4
66
87
R&D CARMEN
MAY JUNE JULY
67.24 207.4 329.5
163.4 198.5 273.8
129.6 330.4 245.8
216.9 247.8 219.9
158
215.9 105.2
164.2
76
219.9
Average Annual Rainfall
AUG.
291.4
263.4
183.8
251.3
93.1
251.3
SEPT.
261.82
502.5
338.8
378.4
103.4
133.5
OCT.
184.1
205
348.9
318.1
71.6
165
NOV.
301.7
139
197.8
175.1
222.7
150.2
DEC.
565.5
68.6
218.2
276
224.9
268.8
Table 2
Annual Rainfall data (mm from year 2014--2019
Year
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
JAN. FEB. MARCH
316.32 162.9
182.7
258.6 36.5
14.2
118.2
94
0.4
335.2 130.1
123.4
473.2 294.8
147.8
310.3 37.8
61
BES UBAY
APRIL MAY JUNE JULY
60.7
7.2
321.9 185.6
14.4
82.6 171.8
64.3
29
37.8
128
233.9
134.8 186.4 272.9 191.3
36
118
137.2 112.6
87
73.7 144.9 233.7
Average Annual Rainfall
AUG.
214.2
230.1
96.6
244.1
144.1
84.9
SEPT.
168.6
378.9
282.8
200.2
213
114.4
OCT.
204.8
79.1
361.4
223
114.8
182.8
NOV.
307.6
124.8
172.9
265.6
211.4
115.5
DEC.
311.1
199
193.2
245.2
182
162.8
Annual
Rainfall
2443.62
1654.3
1748.2
2552.2
2184.9
1608.8
2032.003
Annual
Rainfall
3149.54
2318.64
2337.98
3070.8
2112.2
2066.3
2509.24
58
Table 3
Annual Rainfall data (mm from year 2014—2019
Year
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
PAG-ASA STATION DAUIS
JAN.
FEB.
MARCH
289.5
121.1
48.7
231
218
177
61.6
18
45.3
44.9
243.7
30.7
163.6
8.2
0.2
105.9
90.7
88.6
APRIL
MAY
JUNE
JULY
AUG.
SEPT.
OCT.
NOV.
DEC.
27.6
9
79.8
129.4
21
6.4
117.1 111.2
9
136.6 140.2 145.4
188.4
96.2
114
166
40.4
37.7 112.2
76.2
3.8
90.5
80.3
216.4
Average Annual Rainfall
107.8
72.4
28.2
186.9
71.6
89.4
107.6
282.6
148.5
261
180.6
32.4
162.3
131.2
216.9
263.6
107.5
146.5
255.9
91.6
185.5
74.1
171.6
72
362.2
152.5
192.3
135.7
158.4
122.1
Annual
Rainfall
1756.3
1133.3
1296.8
1867.7
1508.6
1149.7
1452.067
Table 4
Monthly Mean Temperature data (
PAG-ASA STATION DAUIS
Year
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
from year 2014-2019
Jan
25.9
26.3
26.9
26.6
26.7
26.2
Feb
26.1
26.6
27
26.4
26.7
25.5
March
26.8
26.6
27.5
26.7
27.1
26.4
April
27.9
28
28.9
27.4
27.8
27.7
May
29.2
29
29.5
28.5
28.2
28.9
June
July
29
28.3
28.5
28.2
28.6
28.3
28.4
27.8
28.3
28.4
28.6
27.6
Mean average
Aug
28.2
27.9
28.9
28.2
28.5
28.5
Sept
27.8
28
28.5
28.1
27.6
28.4
Oct
28.2
27.9
28.1
27.6
27.8
27.9
Nov
28.2
27.8
27.4
27.6
27
27.8
Dec
27.4
27.5
27.6
27.1
27
27.5
Total
Average
333
332.3
337.2
330.4
331.1
331
27.75
27.6917
28.1
27.5333
27.5917
27.5833
27.7083
59
Table 5
Monthly Mean Temperature data (
Year
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
Jan
*
23.161
25.9
24.6
25.3
26.4
27.3
28.1
26.8
22.9
24.7
25.649
24.67
Feb
27.07
23.79
26.9
24.9
24.5
26.4
27.1
27.8
27.4
24.6
24.9
25.92
22.58
March
26.774
24.129
27.3
26.1
25.6
27.5
27.9
28.8
29.1
24.5
25.3
26.88
25.738
April
27.95
26.7
29.8
27.1
27.3
29
28.8
29.5
29.2
25.3
26.3
27.97
27.07
BES UBAY
May
June
July
28.69 26.02 26.98
23.06 25.03 23.32
27.2
28.5
26.8
28
27.4
27
28
26.9
26.2
28.8
28.4
28.3
30.4
30.3
29.5
30.3
30.2
30
30.2
29.6
28.5
25.8
25.9
25.3
26.6
26.4
25.6
28.52 27.23 26.93
29.06 27.49 26.34
Mean average
from year 2000-2014
Aug
26.32
23.58
26.8
26.6
27
28.6
29.4
30.2
28.1
26.2
26.1
27.02
26.83
Sept
26.79
22.97
26.7
27.1
26.9
28.7
29.1
29.3
28.3
26.8
25.7
27.41
27.62
Oct
27.55
22.74
26.4
27.2
26.7
28.3
29.3
29
28
26.2
25
27.42
*
Nov
27.4
22.2
25.1
27.4
27.3
28.5
28.8
28.7
27.7
26.1
24.5
*
*
Dec
26.1
21.6
24.3
26.7
25.8
28.1
28.2
28.1
25.1
25.1
26.1
*
*
Total
Average
298
282
322
320
318
337
346
350
338
305
307
271
237
24.8
23.5
26.8
26.7
26.5
28.1
28.8
29.2
28.2
25.4
25.6
27.0929
26.37
26.6976
60
Table 8
Soil pH from Soils Grid
Municipality
Bilar
Loboc
Carmen
Batuan
Pilar
Sierra
Bullones
Loay
Antequera
Alburquerque
Sikatuna
Corella
Trinidad
Ubay
Panglao
Dauis
Danao
Sagbayan
San Isidro
Catigbian
Balilihan
Sevilla
Lila
Baclayon
Lat_X
124.12
124.03
124.2
124.15
124.34
Long_Y
9.71
9.64
9.82
9.79
9.84
Ph Scale
5.6
5.9
5.4
5.6
5.7
124.29
9.81
5.8
124.01
123.9
123.96
123.97
123.92
124.34
124.47
123.74
123.87
124.22
124.09
123.95
124.00
123.97
124.05
124.1
123.91
9.6
9.78
9.61
9.69
9.69
10.08
10.05
9.58
9.62
9.95
9.91
9.86
9.85
9.76
9.7
9.59
9.62
5.6
5.8
5.5
5.7
5.5
5.7
5.8
5.9
5.7
5.5
5.7
5.2
5.6
5.7
5.6
5.5
5.7
Municipality
Inabanga
Clarin
Tubigon
Calape
Dimiao
Valencia
Garcia
Hernandez
Jagna
Duero
Guindulman
Mabini
Candijay
San Miguel
Dagohoy
Alicia
Bien Unido
Buenavista
Loon
Tagbilaran
Cortes
Maribojoc
Getafe
Pitogo
Lat_X
124.07
124.03
123.96
123.88
124.16
124.21
Long_Y
10.03
9.96
9.95
9.89
9.61
9.61
Ph Scale
5.8
5.8
5.9
5.6
5.5
5.7
124.3
9.62
6.1
124.37
124.4
124.49
124.53
124.5
124.34
124.28
124.44
124.37
124.11
123.79
123.86
123.88
123.84
124.15
124.55
9.65
9.71
9.76
9.87
9.82
9.99
9.9
9.9
10.13
10.08
9.8
9.64
9.72
9.74
10.15
10.12
5.6
5.9
5.9
5.6
6
5.7
5.8
5.9
5.6
5.3
6.5
6.1
5.8
5.5
5.3
5.3
61
APPENDIX B
Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP)
Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP)
This method is one of the popular techniques used in an environment
where decision making involves searching for the best choice from numerous
alternatives. It is employed by Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM). In some
literature, it is referred to as Saaty Method. This is because it was first designed
by Thomas Saaty in 1970.
In any AHP process, it is possible to disintegrate or simplify a decision
involving numerous criteria through a four-step process (Russo &Camanho,
2015).
The first step deals with the definition and choice of the problem as well as
considering any assumptions taken during the process. This entails breaking the
problem into parts which are then put in a hierarchical arrangement beginning
with the goal, then criteria, sub-criteria and any alternatives in the lowest level of
the hierarchy. It is very important to arrange or structure decision problem as a
hierarchy whenever AHP is intended to be used.
Step two in the process of designing the hierarchical structure for AHP is
that of collecting data from experts or decision-makers. It is done by putting all
elements in a pairwise comparison of alternatives and assigning scores as per a
qualitative scale which was first designed by Thomas Saaty during his time of
62
discovering this analytical method. The scale has been named as Saaty scale
just after its founder.
Thirdly, the pairwise comparisons, as per step two, are then arranged in a
square matrix which has the following characteristics:i) The primary diagonal of the matrix is always unity or one.
ii) Also, the criterion in the ith row is more important than that in the jth column if
the value of (i, j) element is greater than one. Otherwise the criterion in the jth
column is better than that in the ith row. The (j, i) element of the matrix is the
reciprocal of the (i, j) element.
The fourth step in the application of AHP involves computation of Eigen
vector whose values are referred to as principal Eigen values. It is out of the
Eigen values where weights of the criteria or sub-criteria are obtained through
normalization of the Eigen vector and computed as percentage weights . Ratings
of the alternatives are also done using the weights. Consistency was checked by
calculating consistency ratio (CR). CR less than 0.1 imply the pair wise
comparisons are consistent (Triantaphyllou& Mann, 1995). Having determined
the weights, a GIS-based model was created and combined with the weighted
overlay tool and used to link and overlay all the criteria with their respective
weights to produce suitability maps.
Analytical hierarchical process (AHP) was used to determine the weights
of the criteria based on a common standard as developed by Saaty (Alexander,
2012;Saaty,2008)
63
Table 1
AHP PAIRWISE COMPARISON
FACTOR
Soil Texture
Soil Depth
Rainfall
Elevation
Slope
Temperature
Soil pH
Soil Texture
1
2
1/2
¼
1/3
1/5
1
Soil Depth
1/2
1
1/3
1/5
1/4
1/6
1/2
Rainfall
2
3
1
1/3
2
1/4
2
Elevation
4
5
3
1
2
1/2
4
Slope
3
4
2
½
1
1/3
3
Temperature
5
6
4
2
3
1
5
Soil pH
1
2
1/2
¼
1/3
1/5
1
64
Table 2
DECIMAL VALUE
FACTOR
Soil Texture
Soil Depth
Rainfall
Elevation
Slope
Temperature
Soil
pH
Soil Texture
1.00
2.00
0.50
0.25
0.33
0.20
1.00
Soil Depth
0.50
1.00
0.33
0.20
0.25
0.17
0.50
Rainfall
2.00
3.00
1.00
0.33
2.00
0.25
2.00
Elevation
4.00
5.00
3.00
1.00
2.00
0.50
4.00
Slope
3.00
4.00
2.00
0.50
1.00
0.33
3.00
Temperature
5.00
6.00
4.00
2.00
3.00
1.00
5.00
Soil pH
1.00
2.00
0.50
0.25
0.33
0.20
1.00
Total
16.50
23.00
11.33
4.53
8.92
2.65
16.50
65
Table 3
NORMALIZE PAIRWISE MATRIX
FACTOR
Soil
Texture
Soil
Depth
Rainfall
Elevation
Slope
Temperature
Soil pH
Total
criteria
weights
Soil Texture
0.0606
0.0870
0.0441
0.0551
0.0374
0.0755
0.0606
0.4203
0.0600
Soil Depth
0.0303
0.0435
0.0294
0.0441
0.0280
0.0629
0.0303
0.2685
0.0384
Rainfall
0.1212
0.1304
0.0882
0.0735
0.2243
0.0943
0.1212
0.8533
0.1219
Elevation
0.2424
0.2174
0.2647
0.2206
0.2243
0.1887
0.2424
1.6005
0.2286
Slope
0.1818
0.1739
0.1765
0.1103
0.1121
0.1258
0.1818
1.0622
0.1517
Temperature
0.3030
0.2609
0.3529
0.4412
0.3364
0.3774
0.3030
2.3749
0.3393
Soil pH
0.0606
0.0870
0.0441
0.0551
0.0374
0.0755
0.0606
0.4203
0.0600
Total
1
66
Table 4
CALCULATING CONSISTENCY
Criteria
0.0600
0.0384
0.1219
0.2286
0.1517
0.3393
0.0600
FACTOR
Soil
Texture
Soil
Depth
Rainfall
Elevation
Slope
Temperature
Soil pH
Weighted
Sum
RATIO
Soil Texture
0.0600
0.0767
0.0609
0.0572
0.0506
0.0679
0.0600
0.4334
7.2176
Soil Depth
0.0300
0.0384
0.0406
0.0457
0.0379
0.0565
0.0300
0.2792
7.2790
Rainfall
0.1201
0.1151
0.1219
0.0762
0.3035
0.0848
0.1201
0.9417
7.7254
Elevation
0.2402
0.1918
0.3657
0.2286
0.3035
0.1696
0.2402
1.7396
7.6083
Slope
0.1801
0.1535
0.2438
0.1143
0.1517
0.1131
0.1801
1.1367
7.4903
Temperature
0.3002
0.2302
0.4876
0.4573
0.4552
0.3393
0.3002
2.5700
7.5751
Soil pH
0.0600
0.0767
0.0609
0.0572
0.0506
0.0679
0.0600
0.4334
7.2176
52.113
Lambda (λ) Max = average of all ratios
= 7.444761999
Consistency Index (C.I.) = (λmax -n)/(n-1)
= 0.074127
Consistency Ratio (C.R.) = Consistency Index (C.I.)/Random Index (R.I.)
= 0.056156818
Random Index of 7 Factors= 1.32
67
APPENDIX C
Preparation of Thematic maps
Step 1. Open first the GIS Application shown below:
Figure 1.
Step 2. Click add data and add all raster or polygon data of the biological factors
to start mapping. Then wait for the map to load. The Bohol DEM/slope, soil
texture, soil depth and Land cover must be added.
Figure 2.
68
Figure 3.
Note: the step 3 – step 9 were the steps for INTERPOLATION and should be
done for creating map for rainfall, temperature, relative humidity, and soil pH.
Step 3. Some data were saved as excel type like the rainfall, temperature,
relative humidity, and soil pH that needed to be interpolated first to create its
map. Add first the excel data as shown below:
Figure 4.
69
Figure 5.
Step 4. Click the added excel data, then right click it and choose display XY data.
Figure 6.
Step 5. Look at the X field and Y field, then set the latitude and longitude of the
excel data. Then click edit for coordinate system of input coordinate as shown
below:
70
Figure 7.
Step 6. Set the spatial reference properties or the XY coordinate system. Choose
Geographic Coordinate system then click world and WGS 1984. Recheck and
press ok.
71
Figure 8.
Step 7. You could check if you done it correctly when the points were seen in the
screen. Then right click and choose data – export data – press ok.
Figure 9.
Figure 10.
72
Figure 11.
Step 8. In Arc Tool box at left side, click Spatial Analyst Tool – Interpolation –
IDW. Then input the exported data into the input point features. After that in Z
value field choose the data you wanted to interpolate. Set the number of points
into the needed number of points you want. Lastly click the environments.
Figure 12.
73
Figure 13.
Step 9. In environment setting click output coordinate system – same as layer
boholF1.tif – processing extent - same as layer boholF1.tif – raster analysis – cell
size - same as layer boholF1.tif – mask - boholF1.tif– click and wait.
Figure 14.
74
Figure 15.
Figure 16.
75
Figure 17.
Figure 18.
76
Figure 19.
Note: step 10 was the process called RECLASIFICATION OF THEMATIC MAPS
and shall be done in all biological factors map of Robusta Coffee.
Step 10. Check all maps if it’s already rasterize. Then we will proceed to
reclassifying the maps according to the crop requirement of Robusta coffee. Click
spatial analyst tool – reclass – reclassify. Then in reclassify tool, input raster the
map you want to reclassify and set the classes into 4. Then set the ranges base
on the crop requirement and click ok.
Figure 20.
77
Figure 21.
Figure 22.
78
Figure 23.
Figure 24.
Step 11. After reclassifying all the considered biological factor maps of Robusta
Coffee. Proceed to weighted overlay using the weights resulted on AHP analysis.
Click overlay-weighted overlay.
79
Figure 25.
Step 12. Add or input the eight reclassified biological factors of robusta coffee.
Then in the percent of influence put the corresponding weights of every biological
factors. Then press ok.
Figure 26.
80
Figure 27.
Overlay Suitability Map Result
Figure 28.
81
APPENDIX D
Geographical Location of Surveyed Dragon Fruit Farms
Name
Allen Escabusa
Alvin Mante
Arnel Lofranco
Hilario Omamalin
Melvin Pataka
Rick Manila
Ricky Rapatan
Risa Suarez
RJ Farm
Ronel Mavida
Allan Cahilis
Ambodio Raot
Cristitoto Amba
Ian Suyman
Jerry Bag-aw
Lensan Lapac
Lily
Pompee Torenas
Pompee Torenas
Grace Alcala
Tarsisio Bandoy
Emilia Macos
Municipal Agriculture
Office
Rolando Relabo
Marcela Saldahino
Arlene Amboy
Barangay
Munti Suerte
Munti Suerte
Rizal
Katipunan
Villa Fuerte
Poblacion
Poblacion
Catugasan
Poblacion
Tagbuane
Tayung Occidental
Las Salinas
Tawg
Cogon
Tanday
Tanday
Santafe
Tanday
Bugang
Bongbong
Poblacion
Owac
Katarungan
Poblacion
Angilan
Cabantian
Maubo
San Isidro
Municipalities Lat_X
Long_Y
Pilar
9.821384 124.3778
Pilar
9.844256 124.3224
Carmen
9.867741 124.2046
Carmen
9.871852 124.2043
Batuan
9.812311 124.0774
Carmen
9.832262 124.2106
Carmen
9.888095 124.1873
Sagbayan
9.911011 124.0885
Pilar
9.839198
124.318
Sagbayan
9.905592 124.0949
Lila
9.58959 124.0858
Lila
9.589945 124.0907
Alburquerque 9.614046 123.9755
Loay
9.589772 124.0594
Loay
9.599453 124.0297
Lila
9.591482 124.0704
Lila
9.600757 124.1164
Baclayon
9.654652 123.9333
Baclayon
9.657395 123.9239
Alburquerque
9.61422
123.968
Baclayon
9.655313 123.9271
Alicia
9.896787 124.4201
Trinidad
10.05822 124.4016
Trinidad
10.00848 124.3212
San Miguel
9.985736 124.3387
Bilar
9.683567 124.1099
Ubay
10.01835 124.4937
Carmen
Duero
Guindulman
Valencia
Pilar
Panglao
9.819273
9.72223
9.733945
9.712438
9.916641
9.604157
124.1967
124.3777
124.4359
124.2119
124.3528
123.7716
82
APPENDIX E
Letter Request for every Municipal and others
Republic of the Philippines
Bohol Island State University-Bilar Campus
Zamora, Bilar, Bohol
HON. CONSTANTINO H. REYES
Municipal Mayor
Municipality of Ubay
Thru:
Municipal Agriculturist Office
Sir/Madam:
Good day!
I am RENSON ROY TAC-AN, a fifth year student of Bohol Island State
University – Bilar Campus Zamora, Bilar, Bohol, taking up Bachelor of Science in
Agricultural Engineering (BSAE). As requirement of the course, I have to conduct
a research and write a thesis report. I choose to focus my study on the “Land
Suitability Assessment For Dragon Fruit (Hylocereus Undatus Haw.) In Bohol: A
Geographic Information Systems Approach”.
In this connection, I would like to request permission from your good office
to allow me conduct a survey to the identified Dragon fruit growers in your
municipality. The information that will be obtained from this survey will put my
study into reality.
I am looking forward for your favorable response.
Respectfully yours,
RENSON ROY TAC-AN
Student Researcher
Noted by:
ERWIN G. LUDEVESE, MSAE
Thesis Adviser/Chairperson, DABE
Approved by:
HON. CONSTANTINO H. REYES
Municipal Mayor
83
Republic of the Philippines
Bohol Island State University-Bilar Campus
Zamora, Bilar, Bohol
HON. SIMPLICIO C. MAESTRADO JR.
Municipal Mayor
Municipality of Sierra Bullones
Thru:
Municipal Agriculturist Office
Sir/Madam:
Good day!
I am RENSON ROY TAC-AN, a fifth year student of Bohol Island State
University – Bilar Campus Zamora, Bilar, Bohol, taking up Bachelor of Science in
Agricultural Engineering (BSAE). As requirement of the course, I have to conduct
a research and write a thesis report. I choose to focus my study on the “Land
Suitability Assessment For Dragon Fruit (Hylocereus Undatus Haw.) In Bohol: A
Geographic Information Systems Approach”.
In this connection, I would like to request permission from your good office
to allow me conduct a survey to the identified Dragon fruit growers in your
municipality. The information that will be obtained from this survey will put my
study into reality.
I am looking forward for your favorable response.
Respectfully yours,
RENSON ROY TAC-AN
Student Researcher
Noted by:
ERWIN G. LUDEVESE, MSAE
Thesis Adviser/Chairperson, DABE
Approved by:
HON. SIMPLICIO C. MAESTRADO JR.
Municipal Mayor
84
Republic of the Philippines
Bohol Island State University-Bilar Campus
Zamora, Bilar, Bohol
HON. NECITAS T. CUBRADO
Municipal Mayor
Municipality of Pilar
Thru:
Municipal Agriculturist Office
Sir/Madam:
Good day!
I am RENSON ROY TAC-AN, a fifth year student of Bohol Island State
University – Bilar Campus Zamora, Bilar, Bohol, taking up Bachelor of Science in
Agricultural Engineering (BSAE). As requirement of the course, I have to conduct
a research and write a thesis report. I choose to focus my study on the “Land
Suitability Assessment For Dragon Fruit (Hylocereus Undatus Haw.) In Bohol: A
Geographic Information Systems Approach”.
In this connection, I would like to request permission from your good office
to allow me conduct a survey to the identified Dragon fruit growers in your
municipality. The information that will be obtained from this survey will put my
study into reality.
I am looking forward for your favorable response.
Respectfully yours,
RENSON ROY TAC-AN
Student Researcher
Noted by:
ERWIN G. LUDEVESE, MSAE
Thesis Adviser/Chairperson, DABE
Approved by:
HON. NECITAS T. CUBRADO
Municipal Mayor
85
Republic of the Philippines
Bohol Island State University-Bilar Campus
Zamora, Bilar, Bohol
HON. JUSTINIANA L. ELLORIMO
Municipal Mayor
Municipality of Sikatuna
Thru:
Municipal Agriculturist Office
Sir/Madam:
Good day!
I am RENSON ROY TAC-AN, a fifth year student of Bohol Island State
University – Bilar Campus Zamora, Bilar, Bohol, taking up Bachelor of Science in
Agricultural Engineering (BSAE). As requirement of the course, I have to conduct
a research and write a thesis report. I choose to focus my study on the “Land
Suitability Assessment For Dragon Fruit (Hylocereus Undatus Haw.) In Bohol: A
Geographic Information Systems Approach”.
In this connection, I would like to request permission from your good office
to allow me conduct a survey to the identified Dragon fruit growers in your
municipality. The information that will be obtained from this survey will put my
study into reality.
I am looking forward for your favorable response.
Respectfully yours,
RENSON ROY TAC-AN
Student Researcher
Noted by:
ERWIN G. LUDEVESE, MSAE
Thesis Adviser/Chairperson, DABE
Approved by:
HON. JUSTINIANA L. ELLORIMO
Municipal Mayor
86
Republic of the Philippines
Bohol Island State University-Bilar Campus
Zamora, Bilar, Bohol
HON. LEON A. CALIPUSAN
Municipal Mayor
Municipality of Loboc
Thru:
Municipal Agriculturist Office
Sir/Madam:
Good day!
I am RENSON ROY TAC-AN, a fifth year student of Bohol Island State
University – Bilar Campus Zamora, Bilar, Bohol, taking up Bachelor of Science in
Agricultural Engineering (BSAE). As requirement of the course, I have to conduct
a research and write a thesis report. I choose to focus my study on the “Land
Suitability Assessment For Dragon Fruit (Hylocereus Undatus Haw.) In Bohol: A
Geographic Information Systems Approach”.
In this connection, I would like to request permission from your good office
to allow me conduct a survey to the identified Dragon fruit growers in your
municipality. The information that will be obtained from this survey will put my
study into reality.
I am looking forward for your favorable response.
Respectfully yours,
RENSON ROY TAC-AN
Student Researcher
Noted by:
ERWIN G. LUDEVESE, MSAE
Thesis Adviser/Chairperson, DABE
Approved by:
HON. LEON A. CALIPUSAN
Municipal Mayor
87
Republic of the Philippines
Bohol Island State University-Bilar Campus
Zamora, Bilar, Bohol
HON. VICTORIANO C. TORRES III
Municipal Mayor
Municipality of Alicia
Thru:
Municipal Agriculturist Office
Sir/Madam:
Good day!
I am RENSON ROY TAC-AN, a fifth year student of Bohol Island State
University – Bilar Campus Zamora, Bilar, Bohol, taking up Bachelor of Science in
Agricultural Engineering (BSAE). As requirement of the course, I have to conduct
a research and write a thesis report. I choose to focus my study on the “Land
Suitability Assessment For Dragon Fruit (Hylocereus Undatus Haw.) In Bohol: A
Geographic Information Systems Approach”.
In this connection, I would like to request permission from your good office
to allow me conduct a survey to the identified Dragon fruit growers in your
municipality. The information that will be obtained from this survey will put my
study into reality.
I am looking forward for your favorable response.
Respectfully yours,
RENSON ROY TAC-AN
Student Researcher
Noted by:
ERWIN G. LUDEVESE, MSAE
Thesis Adviser/Chairperson, DABE
Approved by:
HON. VICTORIANO C. TORRES III
Municipal Mayor
88
Republic of the Philippines
Bohol Island State University-Bilar Campus
Zamora, Bilar, Bohol
HON. RICARDO FRANCISCO A. TORIBIO
Municipal Mayor
Municipality of Carmen
Thru:
Municipal Agriculturist Office
Sir/Madam:
Good day!
I am RENSON ROY TAC-AN, a fifth year student of Bohol Island State
University – Bilar Campus Zamora, Bilar, Bohol, taking up Bachelor of Science in
Agricultural Engineering (BSAE). As requirement of the course, I have to conduct
a research and write a thesis report. I choose to focus my study on the “Land
Suitability Assessment For Dragon Fruit (Hylocereus Undatus Haw.) In Bohol: A
Geographic Information Systems Approach”.
In this connection, I would like to request permission from your good office
to allow me conduct a survey to the identified Dragon fruit growers in your
municipality. The information that will be obtained from this survey will put my
study into reality.
I am looking forward for your favorable response.
Respectfully yours,
RENSON ROY TAC-AN
Student Researcher
Noted by:
ERWIN G. LUDEVESE, MSAE
Thesis Adviser/Chairperson, DABE
Approved by:
HON. RICARDO FRANCISCO A. TORIBIO
Municipal Mayor
89
Republic of the Philippines
Bohol Island State University-Bilar Campus
Zamora, Bilar, Bohol
HON. TITA V. BAJA
Municipal Mayor
Municipality of Garcia Hernandez
Thru:
Municipal Agriculturist Office
Sir/Madam:
Good day!
I am RENSON ROY TAC-AN, a fifth year student of Bohol Island State
University – Bilar Campus Zamora, Bilar, Bohol, taking up Bachelor of Science in
Agricultural Engineering (BSAE). As requirement of the course, I have to conduct
a research and write a thesis report. I choose to focus my study on the “Land
Suitability Assessment For Dragon Fruit (Hylocereus Undatus Haw.) In Bohol: A
Geographic Information Systems Approach”.
In this connection, I would like to request permission from your good office
to allow me conduct a survey to the identified Dragon fruit growers in your
municipality. The information that will be obtained from this survey will put my
study into reality.
I am looking forward for your favorable response.
Respectfully yours,
RENSON ROY TAC-AN
Student Researcher
Noted by:
ERWIN G. LUDEVESE, MSAE
Thesis Adviser/Chairperson, DABE
Approved by:
HON. TITA V. BAJA
Municipal Mayor
90
Republic of the Philippines
Bohol Island State University-Bilar Campus
Zamora, Bilar, Bohol
HON. CONRADA C. AMPARO
Municipal Mayor
Municipality of Duero
Thru:
Municipal Agriculturist Office
Sir/Madam:
Good day!
I am RENSON ROY TAC-AN, a fifth year student of Bohol Island State
University – Bilar Campus Zamora, Bilar, Bohol, taking up Bachelor of Science in
Agricultural Engineering (BSAE). As requirement of the course, I have to conduct
a research and write a thesis report. I choose to focus my study on the “Land
Suitability Assessment For Dragon Fruit (Hylocereus Undatus Haw.) In Bohol: A
Geographic Information Systems Approach”.
In this connection, I would like to request permission from your good office
to allow me conduct a survey to the identified Dragon fruit growers in your
municipality. The information that will be obtained from this survey will put my
study into reality.
I am looking forward for your favorable response.
Respectfully yours,
RENSON ROY TAC-AN
Student Researcher
Noted by:
ERWIN G. LUDEVESE, MSAE
Thesis Adviser/Chairperson, DABE
Approved by:
HON. CONRADA C. AMPARO
Municipal Mayor
91
Republic of the Philippines
Bohol Island State University-Bilar Campus
Zamora, Bilar, Bohol
HON. MARIA PUREZA V. CHATTO
Municipal Mayor
Municipality of Balilihan
Thru:
Municipal Agriculturist Office
Sir/Madam:
Good day!
I am RENSON ROY TAC-AN, a fifth year student of Bohol Island State
University – Bilar Campus Zamora, Bilar, Bohol, taking up Bachelor of Science in
Agricultural Engineering (BSAE). As requirement of the course, I have to conduct
a research and write a thesis report. I choose to focus my study on the “Land
Suitability Assessment For Dragon Fruit (Hylocereus Undatus Haw.) In Bohol: A
Geographic Information Systems Approach”.
In this connection, I would like to request permission from your good office
to allow me conduct a survey to the identified Dragon fruit growers in your
municipality. The information that will be obtained from this survey will put my
study into reality.
I am looking forward for your favorable response.
Respectfully yours,
RENSON ROY TAC-AN
Student Researcher
Noted by:
ERWIN G. LUDEVESE, MSAE
Thesis Adviser/Chairperson, DABE
Approved by:
HON. MARIA PUREZA V. CHATTO
Municipal Mayor
92
Republic of the Philippines
Bohol Island State University-Bilar Campus
Zamora, Bilar, Bohol
HON. ELIZABETH E. MANDIN
Municipal Mayor
Municipality of Catigbian
Thru:
Municipal Agriculturist Office
Sir/Madam:
Good day!
I am RENSON ROY TAC-AN, a fifth year student of Bohol Island State
University – Bilar Campus Zamora, Bilar, Bohol, taking up Bachelor of Science in
Agricultural Engineering (BSAE). As requirement of the course, I have to conduct
a research and write a thesis report. I choose to focus my study on the “Land
Suitability Assessment For Dragon Fruit (Hylocereus Undatus Haw.) In Bohol: A
Geographic Information Systems Approach”.
In this connection, I would like to request permission from your good office
to allow me conduct a survey to the identified Dragon fruit growers in your
municipality. The information that will be obtained from this survey will put my
study into reality.
I am looking forward for your favorable response.
Respectfully yours,
RENSON ROY TAC-AN
Student Researcher
Noted by:
ERWIN G. LUDEVESE, MSAE
Thesis Adviser/Chairperson, DABE
Approved by:
HON. ELIZABETH E. MANDIN
Municipal Mayor
93
Republic of the Philippines
Bohol Island State University-Bilar Campus
Zamora, Bilar, Bohol
HON. JANET A. GARCIA
Municipal Mayor
Municipality of Talibon
Thru:
Municipal Agriculturist Office
Sir/Madam:
Good day!
I am RENSON ROY TAC-AN, a fifth year student of Bohol Island State
University – Bilar Campus Zamora, Bilar, Bohol, taking up Bachelor of Science in
Agricultural Engineering (BSAE). As requirement of the course, I have to conduct
a research and write a thesis report. I choose to focus my study on the “Land
Suitability Assessment For Dragon Fruit (Hylocereus Undatus Haw.) In Bohol: A
Geographic Information Systems Approach”.
In this connection, I would like to request permission from your good office
to allow me conduct a survey to the identified Dragon fruit growers in your
municipality. The information that will be obtained from this survey will put my
study into reality.
I am looking forward for your favorable response.
Respectfully yours,
RENSON ROY TAC-AN
Student Researcher
Noted by:
ERWIN G. LUDEVESE, MSAE
Thesis Adviser/Chairperson, DABE
Approved by:
HON. JANET A. GARCIA
Municipal Mayor
94
RESEARCHERS’ BIODATA
PERSONAL INFORMATION
Name:
Renson Roy Tac-an
Nickname:
Roy
Citizenship:
Filipino
Civil Status:
Single
Date of Birth:
February 23, 1998
Place of Birth:
Cambance, Loboc, Bohol
Residence:
Owac, Bilar, Bohol
Parents:
Marcelino Baslot Tac-an
Susan Baslot Tac-an
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
Elementary:
Owac Elementary School
Owac, Bilar, Bohol
2005-2011
Secondary:
Bilar National High School
Yanaya, Bilar, Bohol
2011-2015
Tertiary:
Bohol Island State University (BISU)
Zamora, Bilar, Bohol
Present
Course:
Bachelor of Science in Agricultural Engineering (BSAE)
95
MEMBERSHIP IN ORGANIZATIONS
 Philippine Society of Agricultural & Biosystems Engineering PreProfessional Group (2015-2020)
TRAININGS AND SEMINAR ATTENDED
 Parliamentary Procedure/
Multimedia Center, BISU- Bilar Campus
September 02, 2016
 PSABE-PPG Day Seminar
Farmers Training Center (FTC), BISU-Bilar Campus
September 22, 2016
 Pre-Employment Orientation Seminar
Bohol Cultural Center, CPG Ave., Tagbilaran City
August 20, 2019
 Cacao Productivity Training
DOST-Bohol PSTC Conference Room, Lino Chatto Drive, Cogon District,
Tagbilaran City, Bohol
February 01, 2019