Understanding
Culture, Society, and
Politics
Quarter 2 – Module 4:
Characteristics of Different
Systems of Stratifications
Understanding Culture, Society, and Politics – Senior High School
Quarter 2 – Module 4: Characteristics of Different Systems of Stratifications
First Edition, 2020
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Understanding
Culture, Society, and
Politics
Quarter 2 – Module 4:
Characteristics of Different
Systems of Stratifications
Introductory Message
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exercises.
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activities.
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checking your answers.
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You can do it!
ii
Let Us Learn
The people who live in a society belong to a certain categorization
which is primarily based on wealth, power, education, and influence. Many
believe that this categorization is a form of inequality which comes in
different forms. What are the roots and forms of this social stratification?
This question and many more will be discussed in this module.
At the end of the lesson, you are expected to:
1. identify the concepts, characteristics, and forms of stratification
system; and
2. explain the concepts, characteristics and forms of stratification
systems using sociological perspectives.
Let Us Try
Read the following items carefully. Choose the letter of the best
answer and write it on a separate sheet.
1. Society is stratified through __________.
A. Age, gender, population, religion
B. Prestige, strength, abundance, race
C. Sex, age, strength, wealth
D. Prestige, nationality, society, faith
2. What is the element behind closed caste systems?
A. Much were outlawed.
B. They only live in rural areas.
C. They are controlled by secret governments.
D. People do not modify their social roles.
3. What factor opened up class systems?
A. Humans are more open-minded.
B. They do not have layers that are specifically defined.
C. Individuals make shared access between the groups.
D. People within their class are allowed to socialize.
4. Which of these systems enables the most social mobility to take
place?
A. Caste System
B. Class System
C. Estate System
D. Slavery System
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5. What argument shows the continuity of low status?
A. A celebrity actress owned homes in three nations.
B. In a modest rural home, a suburban family lives and enjoys a
pleasant vacation each summer.
C. A single mother is getting food rations and is struggling to find
appropriate employment.
D. In its first year, a college dropout starts an online business that
raises millions.
6. What is the transferring of individuals or groups from one social
class to another?
A. Caste System
B. Class System
C. Social Mobility
D. Social Stratification
7. In what system does the membership at birth is ascribed?
A. Caste System
B. Estate System
C. Class System
D. Slavery System
8. Who belongs to the caste system amongst the following people?
A. Jay, who would like to get married after college.
B. Arman, who is expected to marry a member of their family
friend.
C. Jessica, who is free to marry whoever she likes.
D. Leni, who has no desire to marry at all.
9. In what system does merit or effort status is obtained?
A. Caste System
B. Estate System
C. Class System
D. Meritocracy System
10.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Which of the following is an example of social mobility?
Communicating with elite people.
Going for a country tour.
Purchasing a budget-friendly mobile phone.
Move from the middle class to the lower class.
11. What form of social stratification system accommodates no
change to social status?
A. Open System
B. Closed System
C. Caste System
D. Class System
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12. The American sociologist who described the social stratification
as characterized by means of social, ancient, universal, diverse
form and consequential was __________.
A. Kingsley Davis
B. Melvin Tumin
C. Raymond Murray
D. Radcliffe-Brown
13. Which
element of social stratification that the social roles,
such as both parents, are decided and differentiated from each
other by combining a distinctive role?
A. Rewarding
B. Ranking
C. Status Differentiated
D. Evaluation
14. What form of social stratification system that focuses and allows
layers and classes to move and interact?
A. Open System
B. Closed System
C. Caste System
D. Class System
15. What type of social mobility that refers to the transfer of people
located at the same level from one social group to another?
A. Vertical Mobility
B. Horizontal Mobility
C. Upward Mobility
D. Downward Mobility
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Let Us Study
Identify if the statements below describe stratification either from the
perspective of a closed or open system. Write only the letter that
corresponds to the definition in the square diagram if it belongs to a closed
system, while in the circle diagram if it is under an open system.
A. An outcast person who is
unable to find a work or job
B. A person was stuck on the
place that he or she was
born.
CLOSED SYSTEM
C. The government or other
social institutions do not
control these groups.
D. Through your decisions, a
change of status can be
accomplished.
E. There is a chance to move
from one social class to
another.
F. In
this
system,
any
ascribed status such as
heritage, ethnicity, sex,
religion is less important.
OPEN SYSTEM
G. The characteristics of this
system has no exact rules
and there are wide variety
of positions.
H. There is little or nothing
people can do to change
their social standing.
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SOCIAL STRATIFICATIONS
In the social sciences, social stratification is a concept used to define
the relative social status of individuals within a given social group, category,
geographical area, or other social units. It is derived from the Latin word
"strātum" (plural; parallel, horizontal layers) that refers to the categorization
of its people by a given society into socio-economic rankings based on
factors, such as wealth, income, social status, occupation and power.
Stratification is characterized as the act of sorting information, individuals,
and objects into different groups or layers. It is a method used in
combination with other system for data analysis (Wikipedia).
Further, it is an essential underlying character of the societies. As we
find in all cultures, ancient and modern, it is historical and as it persists in
simple or complex cultures that was universal. The social distinction based
on high and low is both societies' historical heritage.
For over time, these social strata and layers including divisions and
subdivisions have been recognized on the bases of gender and age, position
and status, skills and incompetence, life chances and economic cum
political ascription and monopolization, ritual and ceremony, and on
numerous other grounds. Indeed, social stratification is dynamic in nature.
The distinctions of dominance and inferiority, authority, and subordination,
as well as occupation and vocation are no less dependent on it. Despite
progressive thoughts and radicalism, equality and democracy, socialism and
communism, still social stratification has persisted.
MEANING & NATURE
Social stratification refers to the classification of individuals by a
society into socioeconomic category rankings based on various factors,
including wealth, income, ethnicity, education, and power. Moreover, the
term stratification refers to a mechanism by which individuals and classes
are classified in a status hierarchy that is more or less permanent.
Furthermore, it refers to the division of a population into structures, one on
top of another.
Social stratification is a horizontal differentiation of society into higher
and lower social units, according to Murray (1947) in his book entitled
Introductory Sociology. Further, Tumin (1953) also stated that social
stratification refers to structures in a hierarchy of roles in any social group
or community that are unequal in terms of power, property, social
assessment, and/or social gratification.
Stratification thus contains two phenomena, (1) the distinction of
individuals or groups ranked higher than others by certain individuals or
groups and (2) the ranking of individuals according to some valuation basis.
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Based on certain variations in ideals that it assigns to various
positions, society compares and ranks individuals’ classes. When
individuals and classes are graded according to some widely accepted
valuation bases, we have social stratification in a hierarchy of status levels
based on inequality in social status. We mean the organization of any social
group or community by which roles are commonly separated by
stratification. Regarding control, land, assessment and intellectual
satisfaction, the roles are unequal.
The nature of stratification has contributed to the issue of social
inequality that is from the past to current situation. These inequalities are
institutionalized and unchangeable in communities that have closed
stratification structures. A person born into a specific economic and social
strata or caste remains until he/she dies in this stratum. Numerous current
industrial societies have structures of open stratification or class
stratification. Social mobility is possible in open stratification structures,
but certain members of the community do not have the ability to fulfill their
potential.
CHARACTERISTICS OF STRATIFICATIONS
The following social stratification characteristics were described by
Melvin M. Tumin in his publication entitled American Sociological Review
(1953):
1. It is Social
Stratification is social in the sense that it does not reflect
biologically mediated discrimination in social. It is true that variables
such as power, intellect, age, gender also may serve as the bases from
which status is classified. But these differences alone are not enough
to justify why some societies are granted more power, land, and
prestige than others.
2. It is Ancient
The system for stratification is very old. Also, in the small
wandering bands, stratification is present. Age and sex carry the
primary stratification factors. Almost every ancient civilization gave
distinction between rich and poor, powerful and humble, freemen and
slaves. Social philosophers have been deeply concerned with
economic, social, and political inequalities since the times of Plato and
Kautilya.
3. It is Universal
The social stratification is universal. The difference between rich
and poor is noticeable everywhere. Stratification is quite present in
non-literate communities.
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4. It is in Diverse Forms
In all cultures, social stratification has never been standardized.
The Aryan society was divided into four Varnas: Brahmins,
Kshatriyas, Vaishyas and the Sudras; the ancient Greek society into
freemen and slaves; and the ancient Chinese society into mandarins,
traders, farmers and soldiers. The ancient Roman society was
stratified into two strata: The Patricians and the Plebeians. The
general forms of stratification found in the modern world tend to be
class and land.
5. It is Consequential
The Stratification System has its own implications. Due to
stratification, the most important, most desirable, and sometimes the
scarcest items in human life are distributed unequally. The method has
two types of implications: (i) Life chances and (ii) lifestyle. Such topics as
infant mortality rates, lifespan, physical and mental illness, marital
problems, separation, and divorce apply to life chances. The lifestyle
however, include living modes, residential areas, education, leisure
practices, parent-child relationships, modes of transportation, and so on.
Elements of Social Stratifications
There are several common elements of all stratification systems.
Differentiation, ranking, evaluation and rewarding have been
established as these components. Tumin (1953) identified the
components of social stratification as the following:
1. Status Differentiation
It is the mechanism by which social roles, such as father and
mother, are decided and differentiated from each other by combining a
distinctive role, a set of rights and responsibilities.
Differentiation of status functions more successfully when:
a) Tasks are identified clearly.
b) Power and obligation shall be separated.
c) A recruitment and training system exists.
d) There are appropriate penalties to motivate individuals, including
incentives and sanctions.
Responsibilities, services, and privileges are allocated not to
specific persons, but also to status. The societies will create general
and universal rules or guidelines that will extend to many and
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different people who are to inhabit the same status, e.g. all the
different women who will play a parent's role.
Differentiation is not in itself an independent method. Ranking
is the easiest way to promote understanding the differentiation
process.
2. Ranking
Ranking is defined as a position on the achievement or status
scale as a classification of individual.
Ranking is done on the basis of:
a. Personality traits that persons are assumed to require if they
are to learn and successfully perform roles such as intellect,
aggressiveness, and politeness
b. The abilities and skills that are considered essential, such as
physiological, numerical or linguistic skills, for effective role
performance
c. The general characteristics of the job, such as complexity,
cleanliness, risk, etc.
The aim of the ranking is to classify the right candidate for the correct
position. Non-valuative rating, i.e. jobs are classified as harder or easier,
cleaner or dirtier, better or riskier, and the individuals are classified
slower, smarter or more capable than others without indicating that
some are socially more important and others are less important because
of these qualities. Ranking is a selective method in the sense that only
certain statuses are chosen for comparative ranking and only some are
generally included in the ranking process with all selected features, e.g.
the Father-Mother status is not ranked.
3. Evaluation:
The method of assessment further solidifies classification and
ranking. While the ranking procedure relies more or less on the question,
the assessment process focuses better and worse on the question.
Assessment is both a personal and social characteristic. That is, people
give everything a relative value, a degree of choice and a priority of
desirability. To the point that assessment is a learned value, people tend
to share a specific set of values with a consensus that tends to evolve
within a society. The social dimension essential for evaluation
stratification would be value consensus.
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The Three Dimensions of Evaluation
a. Prestige- These relates to honour and includes respectful behaviour.
Radcliffe-Brown (1955)
in his publication “The British Journal of
Sociology ” mentioned three groups that were typically granted special
prestige in hunting societies: those old people, those with
supernatural abilities, those with special personality traits such as
hunting ability. Prestige is the goods or commodity that is in limited
supply and it is, therefore, more valued.
b. Preferability- Those positions, i.e. status roles, which are selected by
most citizens, are rated higher, e.g." I'd like to be a doctor here).”
c. Popularity- Those common status roles that people know to be very
prestigious are assessed higher, e.g. Nowadays, the students are
taking a course for being a teacher because this occupation is very
popular.
4. Rewarding
Differentiated, rated, and assessed statuses are assigned to
differential incentives in terms of positive things in life. In different ways,
social units such as households, subcultures, social classes, and
professions that are socially classified are rewarded differently. A few of
the benefits are health care, education, wages, and positions of
prominence.
Two Types of Rewarding
1. Abundant- Which rather than material, these are spiritual or psychic
and are secured in the process of performing a role, such as pleasure,
love, and respect.
2. Scarce- In this context of desirable and limited incentives, social
stratification becomes important. Many who have influence take
possession of these incentives in a system where there is an unfair
distribution of incentives. In conclusion, it can be assumed that the
social mechanism that shapes and retains the stratification structure
is distinction, rating, assessment and rewarding.
FORMS OF SOCIAL STRATIFICATION:
Sociologists distinguish between two forms of systems of stratification:
the closed systems and the open systems. Closed systems accommodate
no change to social status. It is described as a place where individuals can
do little or nothing to alter their social status. They do not allow people to
change levels and do not facilitate social interactions between levels. The
caste systems and slavery are closed systems of stratification in which
individuals may do little or nothing to alter their social status. Open systems
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on the other hand, focus and allow layers and classes to move and interact.
It is based on success, allowing layers and classes to move and interact.
Different systems reflect, emphasize, and promote these cultural values and
influence people's opinions. Class systems and estate systems are the
examples in open systems of stratification. Hence, stratification systems
include the caste system, the class system, slavery, and estate system
(Encarnacion, 2019).
Slavery (Free or Unfree)
Slavery is a system in which people are bought and sold as
slaves against their will, compelled to work, or kept in
captivity or cages.
Slaves can be held against their will from the time of their capture,
purchase, or birth; and can also be deprived of the right to leave, to refuse to
work, or to demand compensation. Historically, slavery was institutionally
recognized by many societies. Slavery predates written records and has
existed in many cultures. The number of slaves today is higher than at any
point in history, remaining as high as 12 million to 27 million. Most are debt
slaves, largely in South Asia, who are under debt bondage incurred by
lenders, sometimes even for generations (Encarnacion, 2019).
Caste Systems
Caste systems are closed systems of social stratification in
which individuals inherit their status and experience little
mobility.
Caste is a complex social system that incorporates some or all of the
components of endogamy, hereditary transfer of jobs, social status, social
identity, hierarchy, exclusion, and authority. Caste is a closed social
stratification structure in which membership is determined by birth and
remains fixed for life; castes are also endogamous, which means that
marriage is prevented outside one's caste, and children are automatically
members of their parents' caste. Race or ethnicity, economic class, or
religious affiliation is the most prevalent stratification of castes. Castes have
been noted in cultures all over the world throughout history, but they are
sometimes mistakenly considered to be a practice specific to India
(Encarnacion, 2019).
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Historically, there were four well-known types in the caste system in
India: Brahmins (priests), Kshatriyas (warriors), Vaishyas (commerce),
Shudras (workmen). In these four caste classifications, some people left out
were called "outcasts" or "untouchables" and were ostracized and
persecuted. While Indian culture is often associated with the term "caste
system," in many non-Indian societies, the system is prevalent. Caste
structures have been found in various cultural settings around the globe,
including primarily Muslim, Christian, Hindu, Buddhist, and other societies
(Encarnacion, 2019).
Class Systems
Social class refers to the grouping of people, typically based on
income, education, and occupation, in a stratified social
hierarchy.
Social class refers to the grouping of people in a stratified social
hierarchy into positions. In terms of variables, such as wealth, income,
education, and occupation, a class consists of a group of people who share
similar status. Class systems, unlike caste systems, are transparent. People
are free to get a standard of education or jobs different from that of their
parents. They can also socialize with members of other classes and marry
them, allowing individuals to switch from one class to another. Employment
is not fixed at birth in a class system. While family and other social models
help direct an individual towards a career, there is a place for personal
choice. Certainly, class systems are the most accessible, which means that
they have the most vertical mobility (Encarnacion, 2019).
Estate Systems
Estate systems are characterized by land ownership and were
widespread during the Middle Ages and through the 1800s in
Europe and Asia.
In feudal systems, estates were classified especially in Europe during
the Middle Ages. They were less restrictive than castes, and some mobility
was permitted. In an estate structure, according to their birth, military
strength and landholdings, men are assigned to their strata. Unlike castes,
instead of religious rules, estates were created politically through man-made
laws. Each estate had a code of suitable behavior of its own (Encarnacion,
2019).
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The common threefold divisions are:
A. The nobility (first/highest) estate), consisting of aristocracy and gentry;
B. The clergy (second estate), which had a lower position, but had various
privileges; and
C. The commoners, ranging from peasants and artisans to everything
else.
The individuals of different strata were defined in an estate structure
by the privileges they had and the obligations they were supposed to fulfill.
These structures differ depending on their degree of vertical mobility, or the
likelihood that the stratification ladder will rise or fall. A person has virtually
no chance of going up or down in some so-called closed societies. There is
more vertical mobility in open societies to some individuals, and maybe
many individuals will level up or even go down. To define the consistency or
lack thereof of an individual's rank across these variables, sociologists use
the term status consistency. Caste structures equate with high consistency
of status, although there is lower consistency of status for the more fluid
class structure. In economic, social, political, and ideological aspects, social
stratification structures trigger relational sets of inequalities (Encarnacion,
2019).
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SOCIAL MOBILITY
Social mobility refers to the transition from one social status to
another within the social system. This indicates a change in social standing.
All societies offer some conditions for social mobility. Unlike culture, social
mobility is the extent that people can transfer from one class or level of
status to another.
It is claimed that the greater the degree of social mobility, the more
accessible the class structure. In evaluating the relative "openness" of a
social system, the idea of social mobility has fundamental significance. The
aspect, shapes, direction, and magnitude of social mobility depend on the
nature and types of social stratification. In order to find out the relative
'opening' of a social system, sociologists studied social mobility.
Any community that enhances its standards would also enhance its
social standing. But there are no uniform levels of social mobility in all
countries. From time to time, it varies from society to society. The rate of
mobility in India is inherently poor because of the predominant occupation
which is agriculture and the continuity of the caste system which is relative
to the other nations of the world (YourArticleLibrary).
Types of Social Mobility:
In social stratification, the movement occurs in three directions.
(a) From lower to higher
(b) From higher to lower
(c) Between two positions at the same level.
Two Types of Social Mobility:
1. Horizontal mobility
2. Vertical mobility
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HORIZONTAL MOBILITY
This refers to the transfer of people possessing the same level from
one social group to another. This implies that the ranks of these two
categories are not distinct. It demonstrates a change of place without a
change of status. For example, horizontal mobility is the case if a teacher
leaves one school and joins another school, or a bank officer leaves one
branch to work in another or even changes residence.
VERTICAL MOBILITY
This refers to the transfer of individuals from one layer to another or
from one place to another while their class, occupation, and power change.
It is the movement from lower to higher or higher to lower is involved. Two
forms of vertical mobility exist. One is upward, and the other is downward).
Further, it is called upward mobility if a person moves from lower
status to higher status. For instance, it is said to be upward social mobility
if the son of a peon enters a bank as an officer, but if he loses the job due to
some other cause or inefficiency, he is downwardly moved from his previous
job. So downward mobility takes place when a person steps down and
changes his/her status from one position to another.
Let Us Practice
I. Identify what particular stratification scheme is defined in the following
statements. Write your answers on a separate sheet.
_______________1. A system in which individuals are purchased and sold
as land, forced to work, or held against their will in
captivity.
_______________2. A closed system of social stratification in which
individuals inherit their rank and experience little
mobility.
_______________3. These refer to the classification, generally based on
income, education, and occupation, of people in a
stratified social hierarchy.
_______________4. These are distinguished by land control and were
widespread in Europe and Asia during the Middle Ages.
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_______________5. A system of social stratification which throughout history
has been institutionally supported in many societies
around the world.
________________6. They are definitely the most accessible, which mean that
they have the most vertical mobility.
________________7. The individuals of different layers were defined in these
structures by the privileges they had and the duties they
were supposed to perform.
________________8. They are very frequently stratified by race or ethnicity,
economic status, or religious status.
________________9. These were politically established by man-made laws
rather than religious rules.
_______________10. The people will socialize with and marry members of
other classes in these systems, which encourages people
to switch from one class to another.
Let Us Practice More
Direction: Complete the table below by supplying the similar and different
qualities of social stratification forms. Write your answers on a separate
sheet.
FORMS OF SOCIAL
STRATIFICATIONS SYSTEM
1. Estate – Class System
SIMILARITIES
2.Slavery- Caste System
3.Estate- Slavery System
4.Class- Caste System
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DIFFERENCES
Let Us Remember
Systems of stratification vary in their degree of vertical social mobility. Some
societies are more open in this regard, while some are more closed.
The major systems of stratification are slavery, estate systems, caste
systems, and class systems.
Slavery is a system of social stratification that has been institutionally
supported in many societies around the world throughout history.
Caste systems are closed systems of social stratification in which
individuals inherit their status and experience little mobility.
Estate systems are characterized by land ownership and were widespread
during the Middle Ages and through the 1800s in Europe and Asia.
Class systems refers to the division of people, typically based on income,
education, and occupation, in a stratified social hierarchy.
I. Complete the table below that shows the significant advantages and
disadvantages among the different forms of social stratification that
promotes equality in the society. Cite at least two (2) advantages and two (2)
disadvantages per social stratification system.
Systems
1. Slavery
Open/Close
Advantages
2. Caste Systems
3. Estate Systems
4. Class Systems
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Disadvantages
Let Us Assess
Read the following items carefully. Choose the letter of the best
answer and write it on a separate sheet of paper.
1. What form of social stratification system accommodates no change
to social status?
A. Open System
C. Caste System
B. Closed System
D. Class System
2. The American sociologist who described the social stratification as
characterized by means of social, ancient, universal, diverse form and
consequential was __________.
A. Kingsley Davis
C. Raymond Murray
B. Melvin Tumin
D. Radcliffe-Brown
3. Which element of social stratification that the social roles, such
as both parents, are decided and differentiated from each other by
combining a distinctive role?
A. Rewarding
C. Status Differentiated
B. Ranking
D. Evaluation
4. What form of social stratification system that focuses and allows
layers and classes to move and interact?
A. Open System
C. Caste System
B. Closed System
D. Class System
5. What type of social mobility that refers to the transfer of people
located at the same level from one social group to another?
A. Vertical Mobility
C. Upward Mobility
B. Horizontal Mobility
D. Downward Mobility
6. What is the element behind closed caste systems?
A. Much were outlawed.
B. They only live in rural areas.
C. They are controlled by secret governments.
D. People do not modify their social roles.
7. What factor opened up class systems?
A. Humans are more open-minded.
B. They do not have layers that are specifically defined.
C. Individuals make shared access between the groups.
D. People within their class are allowed to socialize.
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8. Society is stratified through __________.
A. Age, gender, population, religion
B. Prestige, strength, abundance, race
C. Sex, age, strength, wealth
D. Prestige, nationality, society, faith
9. In what system does merit or effort status is obtained?
A. Caste System
C. Estate System
B. Meritocracy System
D.
Slavery
System
10.
In what system does the membership at birth is ascribed?
A. Caste System
C. Estate System
B. Class System
D.
Slavery
System
11.
Who belongs to the caste system amongst the following people?
A. Jay, who would like to get married after college.
B. Arman, who is expected to marry a member of their family
friend.
C. Jessica, who is free to marry whoever she likes.
D. Leni, who has no desire to marry at all.
12. Which of these systems enables the most social mobility to take
place?
A. Caste System
C. Estate System
B. Class System
D. Slavery System
13.
What argument shows the continuity of low status?
A. A celebrity actress owned homes in three nations.
B. In a modest rural home, a suburban family lives and enjoys
a pleasant vacation each summer.
C. A single mother is getting food rations and is struggling to
find appropriate employment.
D. In its first year, a college dropout starts an online business
that raises millions.
14.
Which of the following is an example of social mobility?
A. Communicating with elite people.
B. Going for a country tour.
C. Purchasing a budget-friendly mobile phone.
D. Move from the middle class to the lower class.
15. What is the transferring of individuals or groups from one social
class to another?
A. Caste System
C. Social Mobility
B. Class System
D. Social Stratification
18
Let Us Enhance
Copy and complete the following pledge that demonstrates your
aid in supporting equality in your city.
I, ____________________a citizen of _____________ (Name of Barangay
Barangay) Pledge solemnly to promote equality in our area
by________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
19
Let Us Reflect
 My Perspective
Now that you understand what social stratification is, try to provide
your perspective by completing at least one of the following unfinished
statements.
1. By doing various activities on the concepts, characteristics, and forms
of
stratification
system,
now
I
understand
that_________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
2. Doing various activities on the concepts, characteristics, and forms of
stratification system is important
because_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
______________________________
3. Through various activities, my social background as a youth
influences my life opportunities and chances
because_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
20
21
LET US PRACTICE
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
LET US ASSESS
1. B
2. B
3. C
4. A
5. B
6. D
7. D
8. B
9. D
10. A
11. B
12. B
13. C
14. D
15. C
Slavery System
Caste System
Class System
Estate System
Slavery System
Class System
Open System
Social Stratification
Universal Law
Class System
LET US TRY
1.B
2. D
3. D
4. B
5. C
6. C
7. A
LET US STUDY
8. B
Memory Lane
9. D
E
H
D
B
11. B
C
A
10. D
OPEN SYSTEM
CLOSED SYSTEM
12. B
13. C
F
14. A
G
15. B
Answer Key
References
Encarnacion, Marilyn B. 2019. Characteristics of Different Systems of
Stratifications.
n.d. YourArticleLibrary. Accessed October 16, 2020.
https://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/sociology/social-stratification-meaningnature-characteristics-and-theories-of-social-stratification/8531
n.d. en.wikipedia.org. Accessed on October 16, 2020.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_stratification
Murray, Raymond W.1947. “In Introductory Sociology”. American
Sociological Review
Tumin, Melvin M. 1953. “Some principles of stratification: A critical
analysis”. American Sociological Review
Radcliffe- Brown, Alfred. R. 1955. “Contributions to the Study of Social
Organization”. The British Journal of Sociology.
22
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Department of Education – Region XI
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Telefax: (082) 291-1665, (082) 221-6147
Email Address: lrms.regionxi@deped.gov.ph