ENGOSOFT TRAINING CENTER Prepared By: Belal Mahmoud • Refrigeration Cycle Components • Refrigeration Cycle • Thermal Capacity • Thermal Units • Air Conditioning Systems Classification • Split AC Unit • VRF – Variable Refrigerant Flow System • Questions • Air Handling Unit • Fresh Air Handling Unit • Condensing Unit • CRAC Unit • Packaged Unit • Questions 1. Cooling Load QEvaporator Usually Freon is used to remove heat either from Air (Direct expansion systems), or from water (Chilled water systems). 2. Compressor power. The power source for refrigerant compression in the cycle. 3. Heat released from Condenser. After the Freon has gained heat from evaporator and compressor (compression work), the heat must be released from it in the Condenser, the condenser may cool the Freon by air (air cooled) or by water (water cooled). 4. Coefficient of performance COP = QEvaporator / Compressor power تعادل الحملEvaporator كمية الحرارة التى يمتصها ال .الحرارى للفراغ • • • • • Heat Absorbed by Evaporator الحرارة الممتصة من الفراغ Qevap = ṁref (H2-H1) Work Done By Compressorالطاقة المستهلة عن طريق الكمبرسور Ẇcomp = ṁref (H3-H2) Heat Rejected By Condenser الحرارة المطرودة للهواء الجوى Qcond = ṁref (H3-H1) COP coefficient of Performance معامل الكفاءة COP = Heat Absorbed / Energy Consumed = (H2-H1)/(H3-H2) طاقة حرارية مطرودة من المكثف (حرارة) طاقة مدفوعة إلدارة الكمبرسور (كهرباء) طاقة حرارية مسحوبة من الغرفة (حرارة) تعبر عن قدرة جهاز التكييف Components المبخر Evaporator 1 الضاغط Compressor 2 المكثف Condenser 3 محبس تفريغ الضغط Expansion Device 4 KW حرارى KW كهرباء KW حرارى KW حرارى قدرة جهاز التكييف • تقاس قدرة جهاز التكييف بكمية الحرارة التى يسحبها من الغرفة. • تساوى قدرة المبخر Evaporator • تقاس بالكيلو وات Kwالحرارى KW كهرباء KW حرارى قدرة جهاز التكييف KW حرارى طن التبريد )Ton Refrigerant (TR • يساوى 3.52 Kwحرارى • تعبر عن قدرة المبخر Evaporator KW كهرباء KW حرارى قدرة جهاز التكييف 3.52 Kw = 1 TR KW حرارى British Thermal Units BTU/hr • واحد طن تبريد = 12,000 BTU/hr • تعبر عن قدرة المبخر Evaporator KW كهرباء KW حرارى قدرة جهاز التكييف 12,000 BTU/hr = 1 TR = 3.52 Kw KW حرارى الحصان الحرارى HP • واحد حصان = 8,000 BTU/hr • تعبر عن قدرة المبخر Evaporator KW كهرباء KW حرارى قدرة جهاز التكييف 1 HP = 8,000 BTU/hr = 2/3 TR = 2.34 Kw Air Conditioning Systems DX Systems Split Unit (Indoor and Outdoor Units) VRF & Mini VRF AHU & Condensing Unit FAHU & Condensing Unit CRAC & Condensing Unit Roof Top Packaged Unit Chilled Water Systems Water Side Equipment: Water Cooled Chillers Air Cooled Chillers Chilled Water Pumps Cooling Towers Condenser Pumps Expansion Tanks Air Separator Air Side Equipment: Fan Coil Unit Air Handling Unit Energy Recovery Unit CRAC Unit VRF Water Cooled DX Systems Window Type Capacity up to 2 TR صوت عالى و اهتزازات توزيع سىء للهواء Exposure Wall البد من وضعه على حائط خارجى Split Unit (Indoor and Outdoor Units) VRF & Mini VRF AHU & Condensing Unit FAHU & Condensing Unit CRAC & Condensing Unit Roof Top Packaged Unit DX Systems Split Unit (Indoor and Outdoor Units) VRF & Mini VRF AHU & Condensing Unit FAHU & Condensing Unit CRAC & Condensing Unit Roof Top Packaged Unit DX Systems Split AC Unit (1 To 1): كل وحدة داخلية لها وحدة خارجية High Elec. Consumption 1.5 KW Elec. ≈ 1 TR Split Unit (Indoor and Outdoor Units) VRF & Mini VRF AHU & Condensing Unit FAHU & Condensing Unit CRAC & Condensing Unit Roof Top Packaged Unit Low Initial Cost Low Maintenance Cost Limited Life Time ≈ 10 Years Capacity Up 5 TR (60,000 Btu/Hr) Located on Building Facade Split Outdoor Unit DX Systems Split Unit (Indoor and Outdoor Units) VRF & Mini VRF AHU & Condensing Unit FAHU & Condensing Unit CRAC & Condensing Unit Roof Top Packaged Unit Indoor Units – Hi Wall: Compact Typical Applications: Bedrooms Capacity up to 3 TR. Built in Thermostat Split Indoor Unit Hi-Wall DX Systems Indoor Units – Concealed: Needs Duct and air outlets Higher Cost Split Unit (Indoor and Outdoor Units) VRF & Mini VRF AHU & Condensing Unit FAHU & Condensing Unit CRAC & Condensing Unit Roof Top Packaged Unit Typical Applications: Living/bedrooms/offices Capacity up to 5 TR. Split Indoor Unit Concealed DX Systems Indoor Units – Concealed: سم40 أكتر منFalse Ceiling • تحتاج لسقف مستعار Air Outlets • يتم توزيع الهواء عن طريق مجارى الهواء (صاج) و مخارج للتحكم فى درجات الحرارةThermostat • لها Split Unit (Indoor and Outdoor Units) VRF & Mini VRF AHU & Condensing Unit FAHU & Condensing Unit CRAC & Condensing Unit Roof Top Packaged Unit DX Systems Indoor Units – Concealed: (60x60cm) • تحتاج لفتحة فى السقف المستعار للصيانة • توزيع هواء أفضل • شكل معمارى أفضل Split Unit (Indoor and Outdoor Units) VRF & Mini VRF AHU & Condensing Unit FAHU & Condensing Unit CRAC & Condensing Unit Roof Top Packaged Unit DX Systems Indoor Units – Cassette: Split Unit (Indoor and Outdoor Units) VRF & Mini VRF AHU & Condensing Unit FAHU & Condensing Unit CRAC & Condensing Unit Roof Top Packaged Unit DX Systems Indoor Units – Cassette: Compact Typical Applications: Reception/ Fast food F&B Split Unit (Indoor and Outdoor Units) VRF & Mini VRF AHU & Condensing Unit FAHU & Condensing Unit CRAC & Condensing Unit Roof Top Packaged Unit Capacity up to 5 TR. Split Indoor Unit Cassette Square - 4 Way Split Indoor Unit Cassette Square – 2 Way Split Indoor Unit Cassette Round DX Systems Indoor Units – Ceiling Mounted: Ceiling Mounted Typical Applications: Pharmacies, Shops and Bookshops. Capacity up to 3.5 TR. Split Indoor Unit Ceiling Mounted Split Unit (Indoor and Outdoor Units) VRF & Mini VRF AHU & Condensing Unit FAHU & Condensing Unit CRAC & Condensing Unit Roof Top Packaged Unit DX Systems Indoor Units – Floor Standing: Smart Look Typical Applications: Offices, Prayer Rooms. Capacity up to 3.5 TR. Split Indoor Unit Floor Standing Split Unit (Indoor and Outdoor Units) VRF & Mini VRF AHU & Condensing Unit FAHU & Condensing Unit CRAC & Condensing Unit Roof Top Packaged Unit DX Systems VRF – Variable Refrigerant Flow: الوحدات الداخلية لها وحدة خارجية واحدة High Elec. Consumption 1.1 KW Elec. ≈ 1 TR Intermediate Initial Cost Intermediate Maintenance Cost Limited Life Time ≈ 15 Years Capacity Up 45 TR For Each System Requires minimum space Split Unit (Indoor and Outdoor Units) VRF & Mini VRF AHU & Condensing Unit FAHU & Condensing Unit CRAC & Condensing Unit Roof Top Packaged Unit DX Systems VRF – Variable Refrigerant Flow: Indoor units types are the same as split units Could be connected to 40 units according to supplier More refrigerant pipe run (Height and Total) Split Unit (Indoor and Outdoor Units) VRF & Mini VRF AHU & Condensing Unit FAHU & Condensing Unit CRAC & Condensing Unit Roof Top Packaged Unit DX Systems More Choices Split Unit (Indoor and Outdoor Units) VRF & Mini VRF AHU & Condensing Unit FAHU & Condensing Unit CRAC & Condensing Unit Roof Top Packaged Unit VRF – Variable Refrigerant Flow • Combinable Modules VRF – Variable Refrigerant Flow • Duty Cycling تبديل تشغيل الوحدات باستمر لمساواة عدد ساعات التشغيل و ذلك للحصول على .إلطالة عمر الكمبرسور 1st Cycle 1 2 3 2nd Cycle 3 1 2 3rd Cycle 2 3 1 DX Systems Split Unit (Indoor and Outdoor Units) VRF & Mini VRF AHU & Condensing Unit FAHU & Condensing Unit CRAC & Condensing Unit Roof Top Packaged Unit VRF – Variable Refrigerant Flow • Double Backup (Compressor & Unit) • كل وحدة احتياطى لالخرى • كمبرسور و كل كمبرسور احتياطى لالخر فى حالة الصيانة2 كل وحدة بها One compressor fails, another will run * Running state One ODU fails, another will run * Standby state Fault or stop state DX Systems VRF – Variable Refrigerant Flow • Hiding outdoor Unit يمكن وضع الوحدة الخارجية داخل غرفة الماكينات و ربط مروحة المكثف بصاج لتطرد للخارج مع مراعاة عمل مروحة تعويض الهواءCondenser • Auto Dust-Clean Function يتم عمل برمجة للمروحة لتعكس اتجاه دورانها كل فترة للتخلص من األتربة و ذلك للمناطق الصحراوية Split Unit (Indoor and Outdoor Units) VRF & Mini VRF AHU & Condensing Unit FAHU & Condensing Unit CRAC & Condensing Unit Roof Top Packaged Unit DX Systems VRF – Variable Refrigerant Flow • AHU – VRF Connection Distribution Box و ذلك عن طريقDX AHU يمكن ربط الوحدة الخارجية ب DX AHU or Indoor Unit Split Unit (Indoor and Outdoor Units) VRF & Mini VRF AHU & Condensing Unit FAHU & Condensing Unit CRAC & Condensing Unit Roof Top Packaged Unit VRF Outdoor Unit AHU Control Kit Distribution Box يمكن توصيل النظام بوحدة تحكم لمعرفة األعطال االلكترونية و االستهالك فى حالة BMS المحاسبة و ممكن توصيل النظام بال Individual Group PC/ Network BMS DX Systems Split Unit (Indoor and Outdoor Units) VRF & Mini VRF AHU & Condensing Unit FAHU & Condensing Unit CRAC & Condensing Unit Roof Top Packaged Unit VRF – Variable Refrigerant Flow • Refrigerant Pipe Connections Distribution Box Ref Net Y Branch Joints Header DX Systems Air Handling Unit - AHU: For large spaces AC – up to 50 TR Suspended in false ceiling or at mech. room/outdoor. Connected to duct and air outlets. Split Unit (Indoor and Outdoor Units) VRF & Mini VRF AHU & Condensing Unit FAHU & Condensing Unit CRAC & Condensing Unit Roof Top Packaged Unit DX Systems Air Handling Unit - AHU: Split Unit (Indoor and Outdoor Units) VRF & Mini VRF AHU & Condensing Unit FAHU & Condensing Unit CRAC & Condensing Unit Roof Top Packaged Unit DX Systems Air Handling Unit - AHU: Could be connected to chilled water system or DX condensing unit Typical AHU Split Unit (Indoor and Outdoor Units) VRF & Mini VRF AHU & Condensing Unit FAHU & Condensing Unit CRAC & Condensing Unit Roof Top Packaged Unit DX Systems Air Handling Unit - AHU: Supply air Pre-filter Filter Cooling Coil Mixing Box Fan Fresh air Return Air Split Unit (Indoor and Outdoor Units) VRF & Mini VRF AHU & Condensing Unit FAHU & Condensing Unit CRAC & Condensing Unit Roof Top Packaged Unit DX Systems Split Unit (Indoor and Outdoor Units) VRF & Mini VRF AHU & Condensing Unit FAHU & Condensing Unit CRAC & Condensing Unit Roof Top Packaged Unit Where does air come from and go to? Exhaust air Return air Outside air Supply air 39 DX Systems Split Unit (Indoor and Outdoor Units) VRF & Mini VRF AHU & Condensing Unit FAHU & Condensing Unit CRAC & Condensing Unit Roof Top Packaged Unit What’s in an AHU? Sensor Heating/Cooling Coil Damper Filter Fan 40 DX Systems Split Unit (Indoor and Outdoor Units) VRF & Mini VRF AHU & Condensing Unit FAHU & Condensing Unit CRAC & Condensing Unit Roof Top Packaged Unit Heating and Cooling 55°F dehumidification Pictures from https://rfd-training.tac.com/docs/HVAC.pdf 41 DX Systems Humidification Split Unit (Indoor and Outdoor Units) VRF & Mini VRF AHU & Condensing Unit FAHU & Condensing Unit CRAC & Condensing Unit Roof Top Packaged Unit 42 DX Systems VAV damper Two variables – Temperature & Air Volume Split Unit (Indoor and Outdoor Units) VRF & Mini VRF AHU & Condensing Unit FAHU & Condensing Unit CRAC & Condensing Unit Roof Top Packaged Unit IF temperature too high First reduce reheat till fully closed Then increase air volume IF temperature too low First reduce air volume till minimum Then start reheat Pictures from https://rfd-training.tac.com/docs/HVAC.pdf 43 DX Systems Outside Cooled and dehumidified Split Unit (Indoor and Outdoor Units) VRF & Mini VRF AHU & Condensing Unit FAHU & Condensing Unit CRAC & Condensing Unit Roof Top Packaged Unit Mixed Return 44 DX Systems )Split Unit (Indoor and Outdoor Units VRF & Mini VRF AHU & Condensing Unit FAHU & Condensing Unit CRAC & Condensing Unit Roof Top Packaged Unit • • • • • 45 Fresh Air Handling Unit - FAHU: تستخدم لتغذية المبنى بالهواء النقى او فى حاالت خاصة مثل المطابخ و غرف العمليات. يتم سحب الهواء من خارج المبنى و تنقيته و سحب الرطوبة منه و خفض درجة حرارته الى درجة حرارة الغرفة المطلوبة. الهواء الراجع يتم طرده الى الخارج حمل الوحدة بالنسبة لكمية الهواء كبير 200 CFM ≈ 1 TR تستخدم فى DX System or Chilled Water System DX Systems )Split Unit (Indoor and Outdoor Units VRF & Mini VRF AHU & Condensing Unit FAHU & Condensing Unit CRAC & Condensing Unit Roof Top Packaged Unit • • • • 46 DX Condensing Unit الوحدة عبارة عن كمبرسور و مبادل حرارى للمكثف Condenser HEXو مراوح خطية Axialلطرد الحرارة. الحمل الحرارى للوحدة يكون أكبر من حمل ال AHUاو مساو لها يتم اختيار الوحدة من الكتالوج للحصول على حمل الكهرباء و األبعاد والوزن تستخدم فى نظام ال DXمع ال AHU, FAHU DX Systems CRAC UNIT – Computer Room Air Conditioning تستخدم فى نظام الفريون و المياه المثلجة الكبيرةData Centers تستخدم اتكييف ال عن طريق مخارجRacks و عمل مجارى هواء لتبريد الraised floor يمكن عمل أرض مرتفعة .تثبت فى األرض Split Unit (Indoor and Outdoor Units) VRF & Mini VRF AHU & Condensing Unit FAHU & Condensing Unit CRAC & Condensing Unit Roof Top Packaged Unit DX Systems CRAC UNIT – Computer Room Air Conditioning نظام التكييف بدون مجارى هواء Split Unit (Indoor and Outdoor Units) VRF & Mini VRF AHU & Condensing Unit FAHU & Condensing Unit CRAC & Condensing Unit Roof Top Packaged Unit DX Systems CRAC UNIT – Computer Room Air Conditioning Condensing Units – الوحدات الخارجية Split Unit (Indoor and Outdoor Units) VRF & Mini VRF AHU & Condensing Unit FAHU & Condensing Unit CRAC & Condensing Unit Roof Top Packaged Unit DX Systems Packaged Unit طن تبريد30 قدرة حتى Fresh Air %10 نسبة هواء نقى حتى Evap & Condenser وحدة مدمجة بها المبخر و المكثف يتم وضعها على السطح او فى جانب المبنى ال تحتاج الى وحدة خارجية Split Unit (Indoor and Outdoor Units) VRF & Mini VRF AHU & Condensing Unit FAHU & Condensing Unit CRAC & Condensing Unit Roof Top Packaged Unit DX Systems Packaged Unit Vertical & Split Vertical تستخدم فى المساجد و القاعات Split Packaged يمكن ان تكون وحدتين منفصلتين Split Unit (Indoor and Outdoor Units) VRF & Mini VRF AHU & Condensing Unit FAHU & Condensing Unit CRAC & Condensing Unit Roof Top Packaged Unit
