Earth Science
(Grade 11 STEM)
De Leon, SRA.
1st Sem
Did you know that?
●
The universe is 13.8 billion years old.
●
The earth/solar system is 4.5 or 4.6 years
old.
❖ The universe is composed of space, matter,
time and energy. There is 5% baryonic
matter (ordinary matter consisting of proton,
electron, and neutron), 24% cold dark
matter (have energy but do not emit light),
71% dark energy (source of anti-gravity).
5 MAIN FACTORS THAT MAKES PLANET EARTH
HABITABLE
Temperature
It influences how atoms, molecules, and
organisms move. Low temperature slows down
chemical reaction, makes ice, thus making water
unavailable. High temperature can cause
breakdown of important biological molecules. The
earth’s temperature is just right to support life. Its
distance from the sun makes its temperature
right.
Atmosphere
Layers of gasses surrounding a material. The
atmosphere protects us from meteors and other
materials that are dangerous to the living
organisms. It also regulates the earth’s
temperature.
Nutrients
Needed to lengthen the life of organisms and
maintain their body structure. Processes that
recycle nutrients: water, carbon, oxygen,
phosphate and nitrogen cycles.
❖ Stars are the building blocks of the galaxy. It
is made of gas and dust. The sun is an
example of major consequence stars. The
star’s energy is from combining light
elements to heavier elements through
fusion or nuclear burning (nucleosynthesis).
❖ Stars started as protostars. They are all
born in nebulae, clouds of dust and many
hydrogen gas. As the protostars heats up,
two hydrogen nuclei combine, then turn into
a helium atom. The process done is called
thermonuclear fusion which generates heat
and energy that causes it to shine.
Water
It is very important as water regulates body
temperature, needed by the plants to produce
oxygen needed by the living organisms.
Energy
Earth has enough energy sunlight. Some
organisms rely on chemical energy to support
biological processes.
❖ You can transform hydrogen atoms to
helium atoms through thermonuclear
reactions.
❖ The most abundant elements in the
universe are hydrogen, helium, and lithium.
❖ Surface temperature and luminosity.
❖ Some stars, at least 3 times bigger than the
sun, collapse into themselves and create a
black hole. Some blasts in the space and
turn into a neutron star.