Fundamentals of Computer Hardware
& Networking
Assembling and Disassembling PC
COMPUTER
Computer is an Electronic device, to covert
data into information
OR
Computer is an Electronic device, to
perform arithmetic and logical operations
BLOCK DIAGRAM
INPUT DEVICES
The hardware components used to enter the
data and instructions to a computer.
Examples: Key board, mouse And scanner.
OUTPUT DEVICES
An output device is a device which allows data to be
displayed or passed out of a computer system.
Examples: Monitor, printer, speakers, projector.
Parts of Central Processing Unit
1.ATX cabinet
2.SMPS
3.HDD & FDD Drives
4.CD – ROM & DVD Drives
5.Mother board
6.North bridge
7.CPU
8.Heat sink & fan
9.RAM
10.AGP Slot
Parts of Central Processing Unit
11.ATX Power Connection
12.south bridge
13.PCI Slots
14.IDE1 and IDE2
15.Floppy Drive Connection
16.CMOS
17.BIOS
18.I/O Ports
a. USB b. VGA Port c. LAN Card
ATX CABINET
ATX : Advanced Technology Extended
SMPS
SMPS(Switched-Mode
Power
Supply)
an SMPS transfers power from a AC to DC source.
HARD DISK DRIVE
A hard disk drive (HDD), hard disk, hard drive or fixed disk is
a data storage device that uses magnetic storage to store and
retrieve digital information using one or more rigid
rapidly disks (platters) coated with magnetic material. It is also
known as secondary memory and non-volatile(permanently
stored).
Types of HDD: IDE(Integrated Device Electronics),SATA(Serial
Advanced Technology Attachment),SSD(Solid State Drive).
SOLID STATE DISK(SSD)
DVD Drive
The acronym DVD stands for “digital video disc”
or “digital versatile disc.
Capacity: 4.7 GB
CD ROM Drive & CD-Writer:
The full form of CD is the compact disc. It is a
flat, tiny-rounded storage unit that can store up
to 700 MB of information and is 4.75 inches in
diameter. It is compact, so it is possible to carry
it wherever.
FDD
A floppy disk drive (FDD) is a small disk drive used in
computers for data transfer, storage and backup of small
amounts of data, as well as installation of programs and
driver updates. A floppy disk drive accesses data recorded on
small, removable diskettes known as floppy disks.
MOTHERBOARD
It is the main printed circuit board (PCB),it
holds many of the crucial electronic
components of the computer.
LGA
LGA
LAND GRID AREA
HEAT SINK: A heat sink is a thermal conductive
metal device designed to absorb and disperse
heat away from a high temperature object such as a
computer processor.
Thermal paste :Thermal paste is a very high heat
conductive paste that is used between two objects
(usually a heat sink and a CPU/GPU) to get better heat
conduction.
RAM
RAM is considered as volatile
memory, which means that the stored
information is lost when there is no power. So,
RAM is used by the central processing unit
(CPU)
when
a
computer
is running to store information that it needs to
be stored very quickly, but it does not store any
information permanently.
Types of RAM
Different RAM(Random Access Memory)
Types
 SDRAM (Synchronous Dynamic RAM)
 DDRRAM(Double Data Rate RAM)
RAM Ports
KEY NOTCH
ROM
• ROM
is
non
volatile(data
though the power is turned off).
remains
even
BIOS & CMOS
Basic
Input/Output
System
(BIOS) is a program that controls
communication between all input
and
output
devices
on
the computer (such as disk drives,
display, keyboard, mouse, and
printer).
complementary metal oxide semi
conductor(CMOS).
Computers
contains a small amount of
battery-powered CMOS memory
to hold the date, time, and system
setup parameters.
PCI & AGP SLOTS
Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP) is a high-speed point-to-point
channel for attaching a video card to a computer system.
PCI Express (Peripheral Component Interconnect Express), is a
high-speed serial computer expansion.
NORTH & SOUTH BRIDGE
• The Northbridge is responsible for coordinating the data
flow between the memory, video card and the processor.
• A secondary chip known as Southbridge, has a similar
function, coordinating the data flow between the processor
and peripherals as sound cards or network cards.
MB BACK PANEL
Steps for assembling
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Fix the mother board
Attach the north bridge
Fix the RAM to its slots
Insert the processor to its place
Keep the heat sink above the processor and tighten the
screws
Attach the hard disk and tighten the screws wherever
needed
Keep the CDROM in front panel and attach the front
panel to the cabinet
Connect all the connections
At last attach the back panel as well
Computer Assembly Is An Essential Job Of A Computer Installation
Technician.
Computer Assembly Is A Process In Which All The Internal Components Required
For The Computer System Are Fitted So As To Make The Computer Functional.
There Is A Proper Sequence Of Attachment Of Each And Every Component Into The
Computer System.
Computer Assembly
As We Know, Computer Assembly Is A Systematic Process. First, Arrange The
Computer Parts.
The Sequence For Computer Assembly
1. Open The Case
2. Install The Power Supply
3. Attach The Components To The
Motherboard
4. Install The Motherboard
5. Install Internal Drives
6. Connect All Internal Cables
7. Install Motherboard Power Connections
8. Connect External Cables To The
Computer
9. Boot The Computer For The First Time.
Material Required
 Computer Case, With Power
Supply Installed
 Motherboard
 CPU
 Heat Sink/Fan Assembly
 Thermal Compound
 RAM Module(s)
 Motherboard Standoffs And
Screws
 Anti-static Wrist Strap And
Anti-static Mat
 Tool Kit
Procedure for Computer Assembling
Step 1: Open The Case
The First Step In Assembling A Computer Is To
Open The Computer Case.
To Open The Case, First Remove The Screws Of
The Left Side Cover And Slide The Side Cover.
Step 2: Install The Power Supply
The Next Step Is To Install A Power Supply. There Are Usually
Four Screws That Attach The Power Supply To The Case.
Step 3: Attach The Components To Motherboard
The Motherboard Has To Be Prepared Before
Its Installation. To Prepare The Motherboard,
You First Need To Install The CPU, Then The
Heat Sink On The CPU And CPU Fan.
CPU
A CPU Socket Uses A Series Of Pins To Connect A CPU’s
Processor To The Pc’s Motherboard. If A CPU Is Connected Via A
CPU Socket.
Heat sink and fan assembly
A Heat Sink And Fan (HSF) Is An Active Cooling Solution Used To Cool
Down Integrated Circuits In Computer Systems, Commonly The Central
Processing Unit (CPU).
Connect The Assembly Power Cable To The CPU Fan
Connector On The Motherboard.
Installation of RAM
To Install The RAM First On The Motherboard And Then
Fix The Motherboard In The Case. To Install RAM, First
Ensure Its Compatibility With The Motherboard.
Step 4: Install motherboard
After Preparing The Motherboard, You Can Install In The
Computer Case.
Step 5: Install internal drives
Hard drive
The Hard Drive Is The Device Which Stores All The Data.
Connect The Power Cable Coming From The SMPS To The Power Socket Of
Hard Disk Drive.
Connect SATA Data Cable From Hard Disk Drive Socket To The
Motherboard Socket
Step 6: Connect all internal cables
Power Cables Are Used To Distribute Electricity From The Power
Supply To The Motherboard And Other Components. Data Cables
Transmit Data Between The Motherboard And Storage Devices, Such
As Hard Drives.
Step 7: Install motherboard power connections
The Advanced Technology Extended (ATX) Main Power Connector
Will Have Either 20 Or 24 Pins.
Step 8: Connect external cables to the computer
Connecting Monitor
The VGA Cable Is Used To Connect To Monitor.
Step 8: Connect external cables to the computer
Connecting Keyboard
If It Uses A USB Connector, Plug It Into Any Of The USB Ports On The Back Of The
Computer.
Step 8: Connect external cables to the computer
Connecting Headphones Or Speakers, And Microphone
Connect The External Speakers Or Headphones, To
Computer’s Audio Port (Either On The Front Or Back Of The
Computer Case).
Step 8: Connect external cables to the computer
Connect The Computer To A Power Supply
Power Supply Cable Connect Into The Back Of The Computer Case.
Step 8: Connect external cables to the computer
Connecting Printer, Scanner, Webcam
Step 9: Starting the computer
Always Remember That The First Step Is To Push Power Button Of The CPU
Than The Monitor’s. An Operating System Or System Software Like Window Or
Linux Will Start Loading, Now Your Computer Is Ready To Use.
Steps for disassembling
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Remove the side panels
Remove all the connections in CPU
Remove front panel followed by the CDROM
Unscrew the hard disk and remove it
Unscrew the heat sink and remove it which is
placed above the processor
Now remove the processor inside the CPU
socket
Remove RAM from RAM Slots
Remove the north bridge
At last remove the mother board.
Procedure for Computer Dissembling
Disassembly Is The Process Of Breaking Down A Device Into Separate
Parts.
Material Required
 One Working PC
 An Anti-static Wrist Strap
 An Anti-static Mat
 Anti-static Bags Of Various Sizes
 Technician’s Toolkit
 A Plastic Cup Or Box To Organize Screws, Nuts, And Bolts
Procedure for Computer Dissembling
Step 1: Unplugging
Unplug The Power Cord From The PC
Unplug All The Peripherals Attached To The
Computer, Such As The Keyboard, Mouse,
Monitor, Headphones.
Procedure for Computer Dissembling
Step 2: Open The Case
First Remove The Screws Of The Left Side Cover And Slide The Side Cover.
Procedure for Computer Dissembling
Step 3: Disconnect All The Connectors
Disconnect All The Connectors Connected To The Motherboard. These
Include SATA Power Cable And Data Cable Of HDD As Well As SATA
Cable Of Optical Drive
Procedure for Computer Dissembling
Step 4: Remove The Fan
Remove The Fan Now.
Procedure for Computer Dissembling
Step 5: Remove The Power Supply
Remove The Power Supply Is Connected To The Motherboard
By A 20-pin Connector And 4-pin Connector.
Procedure for Computer Dissembling
Step 6: Removing HDD And Optical Drive
Remove The SATA Cable Connecting To The HDD And Optical Drive In
Motherboard.
Procedure for Computer Dissembling
Step 7: Remove RAM (Random Access Memory) Modules
To Remove The RAM
Procedure for Computer Dissembling
Step 8: Remove Expansion Cards
To Remove The Expansion Cards, Disconnect The
Cables Attached To It.
Procedure for Computer Dissembling
Step 9: Remove Motherboard
To Remove The Motherboard, Disconnect All The
Cables From The Motherboard.
Procedure for Computer Dissembling
Step 10: Reassemble The Components
 Identify Every Component And Take Its Photograph.
 After Identification Of Each Component, Put All The
Components Back In Their Place And Ensure That All
Cables And Wires Are Connected At The Right Place To
Avoid Further Troubleshooting.