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SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS OF SIMPLE SALT- I
S NO
Experiment
Observation
Inference
Analysis of anions
Action of dil. HCl:
Small amount of salt + 1mL of dil.
HCl . Gently heat it
No Characteristic Colour
flame Observed.
Absence of a copper,
barium, calcium
A reddish brown gas with the
fishy odour turning a moist
Presence of nitrate
ferrous sulphate paper
brownevolves
ik
4.
Flame test:
Small amount of salt + A drop of
Conc. HCl ,form a paste. Take the
paste at the charred end of the
splinter and introduce it near the
Bunsen flame
Presence of a nitrate
salt
.in
3.
Action of heat:
A small amount of a salt is heated in A reddish brown gas with a
a test tube
fishy odour evolves
al
2.
Absence of copper
sulphate, iron salt
Colourless
ad
1
Colour:
Note the colour of the salt
lv
Action of MnO2 and Conc. H2SO4:
Small amount of salt in a dry test
tube + pinch of MnO2
+
No Characteristic Change is
Conc.H2SO4 and gently heat it
Observed.
w
w
6
.k
a
5
Action of Conc.H2SO4:
Reddish brown gas turning
Small amount of a salt in a dry test
tube + Conc. H2SO4 and gently heat acidified ferrous sulphate
paper green evolves.
it
8.
9
Absence of chloride,
bromide
Action of Conc. H2SO4 and copper
turning: small amount of salt in a dry A reddish brown gas with
test tube + few copper turnings +
fishy odour turning a moist
Presence of nitrate.
Conc. H2SO4. Gently heat it
ferrous sulphate paper brown
evolves
w
7.
Presence of nitrate
Action of dil. NaOH solution: Small
No Characteristic gas is
amont of a salt + dil.NaOH solution
Observed.
and gently heat it.
Chromyl chloride test:
Small amount of salt in + a pinch of
potassium dichromate and three
drops Conc. H2SO4.Gently heat it.
Absence of ammonium
salt
No Red Orange is Observed. Absence of chloride.
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Analysis with Sodium carbonate extract
Preparation of Sodium carbonate extract
Take 1g of the given salt + 3g of solid sodium carbonate + 20g of distilled water. Boil the solution
for few mins, filter.The filtrate is called sodium carbonate extract.
11
Absence of chloride,
bromide, sulphide
No white ppt is formed
Absence of sulphate
Test with lead acetate:
1ml of the sodium carbonate extract,
+ 1ml of dil acetic acid and heat it + No white ppt is formed
1ml of lead acetate
Absence of sulphate
al
12
Test with barium chloride:
One ml of the sodium carbonate
extract + dil. Aceticacid + 1ml of
bariumchloride solution and shake
No Characteristic ppt is
Observed.
.in
10.
Test for halides:
1 ml of sodium carbonate extract
+dil. HNO3 + 1ml of AgNO3, and
shake it
ad
Presence of nitrate
confirmed.
ik
13
Brown ring test:
1ml o f the sodium carbonate extract
+ dil.H2SO4 + freshly prepared
ferrous sulphate solution then add
A brown ring is formed
Conc. H2SO4 along the sides of the
test tube.
lv
.k
a
15
Test with sodium nitrobruside: 1ml
of the sodium carbonate extract +
No purple or violet
1ml of dil .aommonia. + few drops of
colouration appears
sodium nitrobruside.
w
w
14
Ammonium molybdate test:
1 ml of the extract + dil HNO3 + about
No canary yellow ppt is
1ml each of ammonium molybdate
formed.
and Conc. HNO3
Absence of phosphate
Absence of sulphide.
w
Preparation of salt solution:
To a small amount of salt in a test tube add 2 to 3ml of water, shake it and gently heat it. This
solution is called “original solution”.
1
2
GROUP 0
1ml of the original salt solution add
about 1ml each of Nessler’s reagent
and NaOH.
No chocolate brown ppt is
obtained.
GROUP I
Take about 1 ml of the salt solution in
a test tube Add about 1mL of dil HCl,
A White ppt is formed.
and shake it
Analysis of the 1st group ppt:
To the ppt add about 1ml of water
and boil it
The ppt dissolves
Absence of ammonium
Presence of 1st group
metal ions (Pb2+)
Presence of Lead
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1
Test for Lead:
To one portion of the hot
solution add about 1ml of K2CrO4
2
To an another portion of the hot
solution add about 1ml of KI. To the
yellow ppt add about 1ml of water,
boil and cool.
A yellow ppt is obtained
Presence of Lead
A yellow ppt is obtained.The
yellow ppt dissolves on
boiling , and on cooling
golden spangles appear
Presence of lead is
confirmed.
S NO
Experiment
Observation
ad
Analysis of anions
al
SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS OF SIMPLE SALT-II
.in
Result:
The Anion Present
: NITRATE
The cation Present
: LEAD
The Given simple salt : LEAD NITRATE
Inference
1
Colour:
Note the colour of the salt
2.
Action of heat:
A small amount of a salt is heated in Blue Changes into White due May be copper
to dehydration
sulphate
a test tube
3.
Flame test:
Small amount of salt + A drop of
Conc. HCl ,form a paste. Take the
paste at the charred end of the
splinter and introduce it near the
Bunsen flame
4.
Action of dil. HCl:
Small amount of salt + 1mL of dil.
HCl . Gently heat it
6
7.
ik
lv
.k
a
w
w
May be copper
sulphate
Bluish green flame.
Presence of a Copper
salt
Absence of
No Charactristic gas evolves Carbonate,Nitrate,
Sulphide
Action of Conc.H2SO4:
Small amount of a salt in a dry test
Absence of Chloride,
tube + Conc. H2SO4 and gently heat No Charactristic gas evolves Bromide, Nitrate
it
w
5
Blue
Action of MnO2 and Conc. H2SO4:
Small amount of salt in a dry test
tube + pinch of MnO2 + Conc.
No Characteristic Gas is
evolved.
H2SO4 and gently heat it
Action of Conc. H2SO4 and copper
turning: small amount of salt in a dry
No reddish brown gas
test tube + few copper turnings +
evolves
Conc. H2SO4. Gently heat it
Absence of chloride,
bromide
Absence of nitrate.
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8.
9
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Action of dil. NaOH solution: Small
No Characteristic gas is
amont of a salt + dil.NaOH solution
Observed.
and gently heat it.
Chromyl chloride test:
Small amount of salt in + a pinch of
potassium dichromate and three
drops Conc. H2SO4.Gently heat it.
No Red Orange Vapour is
Observed.
Absence of ammonium
salt
Absence of chloride.
14
15
al
Absence of chloride,
bromide, sulphide
ik
Prsence of sulphate is
Confirmed.
Presence of sulphate
lv
Brown ring test:
1ml of the sodium carbonate extract
+ dil.H2SO4 + freshly prepared
ferrous sulphate solution then add
Conc. H2SO4 along the sides of the
test tube.
.k
a
13
Test with leadacetate:
1ml of the sodium carbonate extract, A whit ppt soluble in excess
+ 1ml of dil acetic acid and heat it + 1 of ammonium acetate is
formed
ml of Lead Acetate
No brown ring is formed
w
w
12
A white ppt insoluble in dil
H2SO4 is formed
Ammonium molybdate test:
1 ml of the extract + dil HNO3 + about
No canary yellow ppt is
1mL each of ammonium molybdate
formed.
and Conc. HNO3
w
11
Test with barium chloride:
One ml of the sodium carbonate
extract + dil. Aceticacid + 1ml of
barium chloride solution and shake
No Characteristic ppt is
Observed.
ad
Test for halides:
1 ml of sodium carbonate extract
10. +dil. HNO3 + 1ml of AgNO3, and
shake it
.in
Analysis with Sodium carbonate extract
Preparation of Sodium carbonate extract
Take 1g of the given salt + 3g of solid sodium carbonate + 20g of distilled water. Boil the solution
for few mins, filter.The filtrate is called sodium carbonate extract.
Test with sodium nitro bruside:
1ml of the sodium carbonate extract
+ 1ml of dil. aommonia. + few drops No purple or violet
of sodium nitro bruside.
colouration appears
Absence of Nitrate
Absence of Phosphate
Absence of sulphide.
Preparation of salt solution:
To a small amount of salt in a test tube add 2 to 3ml of water, shake it and gently heat it. This
solution is called “original solution”.
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1
GROUP 0
1ml of the original salt solution add
about 1ml each of Nessler’s reagent
and NaOH.
2
GROUP I
Take about 1 ml of the salt solution in
a test tube Add about 1ml of dil HCl, No ppt is formed.
and shake it
3
No chocolate brown ppt is
obtained.
GROUP II
To the above solution pass H2S gas.
Absence of ammonium
Absence of 1st group
metal ions (Pb2+)
Presence of 2nd group
metal ions (Cu2+)
A Black ppt is formed
ii) To the blue coloured solution add
about 1ml each of acetic acid and
potassium ferro cyanide
A red brown ppt is obtained
Presence of Copper
al
2
No ppt is obtained, but the
solution is blue
ad
1
Test for copper:
i). To one portion of the solution add
ammonium hydroxide
.in
Analysis of the 2nd group ppt:
lv
ik
Result:
The Anion Present
: SULPHATE
The cation Present
: COPPER
The Given simple salt : COPPER SULPHATE
Presence of Copper
Confirmed
SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS OF SIMPLE SALT-III
Experiment
.k
a
S NO
Observation
Inference
Analysis of anions
1
Colour:
Note the colour of the salt
2.
Action of heat:
A colourless, odourless gas
A small amount of a salt is heated in turning lime water milky
a test tube
evolves
Presence of carbonate
3.
Flame test:
Small amount of salt + A drop of
Conc. HCl ,form a paste. Take the
paste at the charred end of the
splinter and introduce it near the
Bunsen flame
Presence of a copper
salt
4.
5
w
w
w
Green
Action of dil. HCl:
Small amount of salt + 1mL of dil.
HCl . Gently heat it
Bluish green flame.
May be Copper
Carbonate
A colourless, odourless gas
Presence of carbonate
evolves as a brisk
Effervescence and turns lime is Confirmed
water milky
Action of Conc.H2SO4:
Small amount of a salt in a dry test
Absence of Chloride,
tube + Conc. H2SO4 and gently heat No Charactristic gas evolves Bromide, Nitrate
it
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8.
9
Action of MnO2 and Conc. H2SO4:
Small amount of salt in a dry test
tube + pinch of MnO2 + Conc.
No Characteristic Gas is
evolved.
H2SO4 and gently heat it
Action of Conc. H2SO4 and copper
turning: small amount of salt in a dry
No reddish brown gas
test tube + few copper turnings +
evolves
Conc. H2SO4. Gently heat it
Absence of nitrate.
Action of dil. NaOH solution: Small
No Characteristic gas is
amont of a salt + dil.NaOH solution
Observed.
and gently heat it.
Chromyl chloride test:
Small amount of salt in + a pinch of
potassium dichromate and three
drops Conc. H2SO4.Gently heat it.
Absence of chloride,
bromide
No Red Orange Vapour is
Observed.
Absence of ammonium
salt
Absence of chloride.
al
6
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13
14
lv
Absence of chloride,
bromide, sulphide
No white ppt is obtained
Absence of sulphate
Test with leadacetate:
1ml of the sodium carbonate extract,
+ 1ml of dil acetic acid and heat it + 1 No white ppt is obtained
ml of Lead Acetate
Absence of sulphate
w
w
12
Test with barium chloride:
One ml of the sodium carbonate
extract + dil. Aceticacid + 1ml of
barium chloride solution and shake
w
11
No Characteristic ppt is
Observed.
.k
a
Test for halides:
1 ml of sodium carbonate extract
10. +dil. HNO3 + 1ml of AgNO3, and
shake it
ik
ad
Analysis with Sodium carbonate extract
Preparation of Sodium carbonate extract
Take 1g of the given salt + 3g of solid sodium carbonate + 20g of distilled water. Boil the solution
for few mins, filter.The filtrate is called sodium carbonate extract.
Brown ring test:
1ml of the sodium carbonate extract
+ dil.H2SO4 + freshly prepared
ferrous sulphate solution then add
Conc. H2SO4 along the sides of the
test tube.
No brown ring is formed
Ammonium molybdate test:
1 ml of the extract + dil HNO3 + about
No canary yellow ppt is
1ml each of ammonium molybdate
formed.
and Conc. HNO3
Absence of nitrate
Absence of phosphate
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Test with sodium nitro bruside:
1ml of the sodium carbonate extract
+ 1ml of dil. aommonia. + few drops No purple or violet
of sodium nitro bruside.
colouration appears
Absence of sulphide.
Preparation of salt solution:
To a small amount of salt in a test tube add 2 to 3ml of dil. HCl, shake it and gently heat it. This
solution is called “original solution”.
1
GROUP 0
1ml of the original salt solution add
about 1ml each of Nessler’s reagent
and NaOH.
2
GROUP I
Take about 1 ml of the salt solution in
a test tube Add about 1ml of dil HCl, No ppt is formed.
and shake it
A Black ppt is formed
.in
Presence of 2nd group
metal ions (Cu2+)
Presence of Copper
lv
No ppt is obtained, but the
solution is blue
ii) To the blue coloured solution add
about 1ml each of acetic acid and
potassium ferro cyanide
A red brown ppt is obtained
.k
a
2
Test for copper:
i). To one portion of the solution add
ammonium hydroxide
ik
Analysis of the 2nd group ppt:
1
al
GROUP II
To the above solution pass H2S gas.
Absence of ammonium
Absence of 1st group
2+
metal ions (Pb )
ad
3
No chocolate brown ppt is
obtained.
Presence of Copper
Confirmed
S NO
w
w
w
Result:
The Anion Present
: CARBONATE
The cation Present
: COPPER
The Given simple salt : COPPER CARBONATE
SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS OF SIMPLE SALT- IV
Experiment
Observation
Inference
Analysis of anions
1
Colour:
Note the colour of the salt
2.
Action of heat:
A small amount of a salt is heated in No Characteristic Change
Occurs
a test tube
Brown
May be an iron salt
Absence of Zinc,
Ammonium, Nitrate
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8.
al
Action of Conc. H2SO4 and copper
turning: small amount of salt in a dry
No reddish brown gas
test tube + few copper turnings +
evolves
Conc. H2SO4. Gently heat it
Action of dil. NaOH solution: Small
No Characteristic gas is
amont of a salt + dil.NaOH solution
Observed.
and gently heat it.
Chromyl chloride test:
Small amount of salt in + a pinch of
potassium dichromate and three
drops Conc. H2SO4.Gently heat it.
Pass the vapours into dilute sodium
hydroxide solution. If a yellow
solution is obtained, add dil. Acetic
acid and lead acetate
A yellow ppt is obtained
Absence of nitrate.
Absence of ammonium
salt
Presence of chloride.
w
9
ad
7.
Prsence of Chloride
Action of MnO2 and Conc. H2SO4:
A greenish yellow gas turning
Small amount of salt in a dry test
starch iodide paper blue
tube + pinch of MnO2 +
Prsence of Chloride
evolves
Conc.H2SO4 and gently heat it
ik
6
Action of Conc.H2SO4:
A colourless gas evolves. It
Small amount of a salt in a dry test
gives a dense white fumes
tube + Conc. H2SO4 and gently heat
when a glass rod dipped in
it
liquid ammonia is brought
close to its mouth
lv
5
Absence of Copper,
Barium, Calcium
Absence of
Carbonate,Nitrate,
Sulphide
.k
a
4.
No Characteristic flame
Colour is Observed.
Action of dil. HCl:
Small amount of salt + 1ml of dil. HCl No Charactristic gas
evolves
. Gently heat it
w
w
3.
Flame test:
Small amount of salt + A drop of
Conc. HCl ,form a paste. Take the
paste at the charred end of the
splinter and introduce it near the
Bunsen flame
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Analysis with Sodium carbonate extract
Preparation of Sodium carbonate extract
Take 1g of the given salt + 3g of solid sodium carbonate + 20g of distilled water. Boil the solution
for few mins, filter.The filtrate is called sodium carbonate extract.
Test for halides:
1 ml of sodium carbonate extract
10. +dil. HNO3 + 1ml of AgNO3, and
shake it
A curdy white ppt
insoluble in dil. Ammonia is
formed
Presence of chloride
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14
Test with leadacetate:
1ml of the sodium carbonate extract,
+ 1ml of dil acetic acid and heat it + 1 No white ppt is obtained
ml of Lead Acetate
Absence of sulphate
Brown ring test:
1mL o f the sodium carbonate extract
+ dil.H2SO4 + freshly prepared
ferrous sulphate solution then add
No brown ring is formed
Conc. H2SO4 along the sides of the
test tube.
Ammonium molybdate test:
1 ml of the extract + dil HNO3 + about
No canary yellow ppt is
1ml each of ammonium molybdate
formed.
and Conc.HNO3
Absence of nitrate
Absence of phosphate
Test with sodium nitrobruside:
1ml of the sodium carbonate extract
+ 1ml of dil .aommonia. + few drops No purple or violet
colouration appears
of sodium nitro bruside.
Absence of sulphide.
ik
15
Absence of sulphate
.in
13
No white ppt is obtained
al
12
Test with barium chloride:
One ml of the sodium carbonate
extract + dil. Aceticacid + 1ml of
bariumchloride solution and shake
ad
11
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.k
a
lv
Preparation of salt solution:
To a small amount of salt in a test tube add 2 to 3ml of water, shake it and gently heat it. This
solution is called “original solution”.
1
GROUP 0
1ml of the original salt solution add
about 1ml each of Nessler’s reagent
and NaOH.
2
GROUP I
Take about 1 ml of the salt solution in
a test tube Add about 1ml of dil HCl, No White ppt is formed.
and shake it
w
w
w
No chocolate brown ppt is
obtained.
3
4
GROUP II
To the above solution pass H2S gas.
GROUP III To about 1ml of the salt
solution add about 1ml each of
NH4Cl, NH4OH and shake it well
Absence of ammonium
Absence of 1st group
metal ions (Pb2+)
No Black ppt is formed
Absence of 2nd group
metal ions (Cu2+)
A brown ppt is formed
presence of 3rd group
metal ions (Fe3+)
A red or brown ppt is
obtained
Presence of Iron
Analysis of the 3rd group ppt:
1
To the ppt add a pinch of sodium
peroxide and boil it
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2
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i.) To one portion of the red ppt add
about 1mL of dil HCl and boil it and
then add about 1ml of potassium
ferocyanide
ii.) To an another portion of the ppt
add about 1mL of dil. HNO3
boil it and then add about 1ml of
KCNS
A blue ppt is obtained
Presence of Iron is
Confirmed
A blood red colouration is
seen
Presence of Iron is
Confirmed
al
.in
Result:
The Anion Present
: CHLORIDE
The cation Present
: FERRIC
The Given simple salt : FERRIC CHLORIDE
SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS OF SIMPLE SALT- V
Experiment
Observation
Inference
1
Colour:
Note the colour of the salt
ad
S NO
Absence of copper,
Iron salts
2.
Action of heat:
A small amount of a salt is heated in No Characteristic Change
Occurs
a test tube
Absence of Zinc,
Ammonium, Nitrate
3.
Flame test:
Small amount of salt + A drop of
Conc. HCl ,form a paste. Take the
paste at the charred end of the
splinter and introduce it near the
Bunsen flame
Absence of Copper,
Barium, Calcium
Analysis of anions
5
6
ik
lv
.k
a
w
w
No Characteristic flame
Colour is Observed.
Action of dil. HCl:
Absence of
Small amount of salt + 1ml of dil. HCl No Charactristic gas evolves Carbonate,Nitrate,
. Gently heat it
Sulphide
Action of Conc.H2SO4:
Small amount of a salt in a dry test
Absence of Chloride,
tube + Conc. H2SO4 and gently heat No Charactristic gas evolves Bromide, Nitrate
it
w
4.
Colourless
Action of MnO2 and Conc. H2SO4:
Small amount of salt in a dry test
No Characteristic Gas is
tube + pinch of MnO2 +
evolved.
Conc.H2SO4 and gently heat it
Absence of chloride,
bromide
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7.
8.
9
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Action of Conc. H2SO4 and copper
turning: small amount of salt in a dry
No reddish brown gas
test tube + few copper turnings +
evolves
Conc. H2SO4. Gently heat it
Absence of nitrate.
Action of dil. NaOH solution: Small
No Characteristic gas is
amont of a salt + dil.NaOH solution
Observed.
and gently heat it.
Chromyl chloride test:
Small amount of salt in + a pinch of
potassium dichromate and three
drops Conc. H2SO4.Gently heat it.
No Red Orange Vapour is
Observed.
Absence of ammonium
salt
Absence of chloride.
ad
ik
Test with leadacetate:
1ml of the sodium carbonate extract, A whit ppt soluble in excess
+ 1ml of dil acetic acid and heat it + 1 of ammonium acetate is
formed
ml of Lead Acetate
Brown ring test:
1ml o f the sodium carbonate extract
+ dil.H2SO4 + freshly prepared
ferrous sulphate solution then add
No brown ring is formed
Conc. H2SO4 along the sides of the
test tube.
Absence of chloride,
bromide, sulphide
Prsence of sulphate is
Confirmed.
Presence of sulphate
Absence of nitrate
w
13
.k
a
12
A white ppt insoluble in dil
H2SO4 is formed
w
w
11
Test with barium chloride:
One ml of the sodium carbonate
extract + dil. Aceticacid + 1ml of
bariumchloride solution and shake
No Characteristic ppt is
Obtained.
lv
Test for halides:
1 ml of sodium carbonate extract
10. +dil. HNO3 + 1ml of AgNO3, and
shake it
al
.in
Analysis with Sodium carbonate extract
Preparation of Sodium carbonate extract
Take 1g of the given salt + 3g of solid sodium carbonate + 20g of distilled water. Boil the solution
for few mins, filter.The filtrate is called sodium carbonate extract.
14
15
Ammonium molybdate test:
1 ml of the extract + dil HNO3 + about
No canary yellow ppt is
1ml each of ammonium molybdate
formed.
and Conc. HNO3
Test with sodium nitrobruside:
1ml of the sodium carbonate extract
+ 1ml of dil .aommonia. + few drops No purple or violet
colouration appears
of sodium nitro bruside.
Absence of phosphate
Absence of sulphide.
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Preparation of salt solution:
To a small amount of salt in a test tube add 2 to 3ml of water, shake it and gently heat it. This
solution is called “original solution”.
2
GROUP I
Take about 1 ml of the salt solution in
a test tube Add about 1ml of dil HCl, No White ppt is formed.
and shake it
No Black ppt is formed
GROUP III
To about 1ml of the salt solution add
about 1ml each of NH4Cl and NH4OH A gelatinous white ppt is
formed
and shake it well
Analysis of the 3rd group ppt:
Absence of 2nd group
2+
metal ions (Cu )
Presence of 3rd group
3+
metal ion (Al )
To the colourless solution add
dil.HCl and shake it
A gelatinous white ppt is
obtained
ik
A colourless solution is
obtained
Presence of Aluminium
Presence of Aluminium
is Confirmed
.k
a
2
Test for Aluminium:
To the ppt add a pinch of sodium
peroxide and boil it
lv
1
Absence of 1st group
metal ions (Pb2+)
al
4
GROUP II
To the above solution pass H2S gas.
Absence of ammonium
ad
3
No chocolate brown ppt is
obtained.
.in
1
GROUP 0
1ml of the original salt solution add
about 1ml each of Nessler’s reagent
and NaOH.
w
w
Result:
The Anion Present
: SULPHATE
The cation Present
: ALUMINIUM
The Given simple salt : ALUMINIUM SULPHATE
SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS OF SIMPLE SALT- VI
1
2.
3.
Experiment
w
S NO
Observation
Inference
Analysis of anions
Colour:
Note the colour of the salt
Colourless
Absence of copper,
Iron salts
Action of heat:
A reddish brown gas with a
A small amount of a salt is heated in
fishy odour evolves
a test tube
Presence of a nitrate
salt
Flame test:
Small amount of salt + A drop of
Conc. HCl ,form a paste. Take the
paste at the charred end of the
splinter and introduce it near the
Bunsen flame
Absence of Copper,
Barium, Calcium
No Characteristic flame
Colour is Observed.
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8.
.in
A reddish brown gas with
fishy odour turning a moist
ferrous sulphate paper brown Presence of nitrate
evolves
Action of dil. NaOH solution: Small
No Characteristic gas is
amont of a salt + dil.NaOH solution
Observed.
and gently heat it.
Chromyl chloride test:
Small amount of salt in + a pinch of
potassium dichromate and three
drops Conc. H2SO4.Gently heat it.
Absence of chloride,
bromide
Absence of ammonium
salt
No Red Orange Vapour is
Observed.
Absence of chloride.
.k
a
9
Action of Conc. H2SO4 and copper
turning: small amount of salt in a dry
test tube + few copper turnings +
Conc. H2SO4. Gently heat it
Presence of nitrate
al
7.
Action of MnO2 and Conc. H2SO4:
Small amount of salt in a dry test
No Characteristic Gas is
tube + pinch of MnO2 +
evolved.
Conc.H2SO4 and gently heat it
ad
6
Action of Conc.H2SO4:
Reddish brown gas turning
Small amount of a salt in a dry test acidified ferrous sulphate
tube + Conc. H2SO4 and gently heat paper green evolves.
it
ik
5
Action of dil. HCl:
A reddish brown gas with the
Small amount of salt + 1ml of dil. HCl
fishy odour turning a moist
. Gently heat it
ferrous sulphate paper brown Presence of nitrate
evolves
lv
4.
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w
w
Analysis with Sodium carbonate extract
Preparation of Sodium carbonate extract
Take 1g of the given salt + 3g of solid sodium carbonate + 20g of distilled water. Boil the solution
for few mins, filter.The filtrate is called sodium carbonate extract.
Test for halides:
1 ml of sodium carbonate extract
10. +dil. HNO3 + 1ml of AgNO3, and
shake it
Absence of chloride,
bromide, sulphide
No white ppt is obtained
Absence of sulphate
Test with leadacetate:
1ml of the sodium carbonate extract,
+ 1ml of dil acetic acid and heat it + No white ppt is obtained
1ml of Lead Acetate
Absence of sulphate
w
No Characteristic ppt is
Obtained.
11
12
Test with barium chloride:
One ml of the sodium carbonate
extract + dil. Aceticacid + 1ml of
bariumchloride solution and shake
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14
15
Brown ring test:
1ml of the sodium carbonate extract
+ dil.H2SO4 + freshly prepared
ferrous sulphate solution then add
Conc. H2SO4 along the sides of the
test tube.
A brown ring is formed
Ammonium molybdate test:
1 ml of the extract + dil HNO3 + about
No canary yellow ppt is
1ml each of ammonium molybdate
formed.
and Conc. HNO3
Test with sodium nitrobruside:
1ml of the sodium carbonate extract
+ 1ml of dil .aommonia. + few drops No purple or violet
colouration appears
of sodium nitro bruside.
Presence of nitrate
confirmed
Absence of Phosphate
Absence of sulphide.
.in
13
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al
Preparation of salt solution:
To a small amount of salt in a test tube add 2 to 3ml of water, shake it and gently heat it. This
solution is called “original solution”.
2
GROUP I
Take about 1 ml of the salt solution in
a test tube Add about 1ml of dil HCl, No White ppt is formed.
and shake it
ad
1
GROUP 0
1ml of the original salt solution add
about 1ml each of Nessler’s reagent
and NaOH.
.k
a
No Black ppt is formed
GROUP III
To
about 1ml of the salt solution add
A gelatinous white ppt is
about 1ml each of NH4Cl and NH4OH
formed
and shake it well
Absence of ammonium
Absence of 1st group
metal ions (Pb2+)
Absence of 2nd group
metal ions (Cu2+)
Presence of 3rd group
metal ion (Al3+)
w
4
GROUP II
To the above solution pass H2S gas.
w
w
3
lv
ik
No chocolate brown ppt is
obtained.
Analysis of the 3rd group ppt:
1
2
Test for Aluminium:
To the ppt add a pinch of sodium
peroxide and boil it
A colourless solution is
obtained
To the colourless solution add
dil.HCl and shake it
A gelatinous white ppt is
obtained
Presence of Aluminium
Presence of Aluminium
is Confirmed
Result:
The Anion Present
: NITRATE
The cation Present
: ALUMINIUM
The Given simple salt : ALUMINIUM NITRATE
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SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS OF SIMPLE SALT- VII
S NO
Experiment
Observation
Inference
Analysis of anions
1
Colour:
Note the colour of the salt
2.
Action of heat:
A small amount of a salt is heated in Salt is Yellow when hot,
White when cold
a test tube
May be a zinc salt
3.
Flame test:
Small amount of salt + A drop of
Conc. HCl ,form a paste. Take the
paste at the charred end of the
splinter and introduce it near the
Bunsen flame
Absence of Copper,
Barium, Calcium
.in
No Characteristic flame
Colour is Observed.
Action of dil. HCl:
Absence of
Small amount of salt + 1ml of dil. HCl No Charactristic gas evolves Carbonate,Nitrate,
. Gently heat it
Sulphide
Action of Conc.H2SO4:
Small amount of a salt in a dry test
Absence of Chloride,
tube + Conc. H2SO4 and gently heat No Charactristic gas evolves Bromide, Nitrate
it
7.
ik
lv
Action of Conc. H2SO4 and copper
turning: small amount of salt in a dry
No reddish brown gas
test tube + few copper turnings +
evolves
Conc. H2SO4. Gently heat it
Action of dil. NaOH solution: Small
No Characteristic gas is
amont of a salt + dil.NaOH solution
Observed.
and gently heat it.
w
8.
.k
a
6
Action of MnO2 and Conc. H2SO4:
Small amount of salt in a dry test
No Characteristic Gas is
tube + pinch of MnO2 +
evolved.
Conc.H2SO4 and gently heat it
w
w
5
ad
al
4.
Absence of copper,
Iron salts
Colourless
9
Chromyl chloride test:
Small amount of salt in + a pinch of
potassium dichromate and three
drops Conc. H2SO4.Gently heat it.
No Red Orange Vapour is
Observed.
Absence of chloride,
bromide
Absence of nitrate.
Absence of ammonium
salt
Absence of chloride.
Analysis with Sodium carbonate extract
Preparation of Sodium carbonate extract
Take 1g of the given salt + 3g of solid sodium carbonate + 20g of distilled water. Boil the solution
for few mins, filter.The filtrate is called sodium carbonate extract.
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11
12
Absence of chloride,
bromide, sulphide
A white ppt insoluble in dil
H2SO4 is formed
Prsence of sulphate is
Confirmed.
Test with leadacetate:
1ml of the sodium carbonate extract, A whit ppt soluble in excess
+ 1ml of dil acetic acid and heat it + 1 of ammonium acetate is
formed
ml of Lead Acetate
Brown ring test:
1ml o f the sodium carbonate extract
+ dil.H2SO4 + freshly prepared
ferrous sulphate solution then add
No brown ring is formed
Conc. H2SO4 along the sides of the
test tube.
Presence of sulphate
Absence of Nitrate
ik
Test with sodium nitrobruside:
1ml of the sodium carbonate extract
+ 1ml of dil .aommonia. + few drops No purple or violet
colouration appears
of sodium nitro bruside.
lv
15
Ammonium molybdate test:
1 ml of the extract + dil HNO3 + about
No canary yellow ppt is
1ml each of ammonium molybdate
formed.
and Conc. HNO3
.k
a
14
ad
al
13
Test with barium chloride:
One ml of the sodium carbonate
extract + dil. Aceticacid + 1ml of
bariumchloride solution and shake
No Characteristic ppt is
Obtained.
.in
Test for halides:
1 ml of sodium carbonate extract
10. +dil. HNO3 + 1ml of AgNO3, and
shake it
Absence of Phosphate
Absence of sulphide.
w
w
Preparation of salt solution:
To a small amount of salt in a test tube add 2 to 3ml of water, shake it and gently heat it. This
solution is called “original solution”.
2
GROUP I
Take about 1 ml of the salt solution in
a test tube Add about 1mL of dil HCl, No White ppt is formed.
and shake it
w
1
GROUP 0
1ml of the original salt solution add
about 1ml each of Nessler’s reagent
and NaOH.
3
4
GROUP II
To the above solution pass H2S gas.
No chocolate brown ppt is
obtained.
No Black ppt is formed
GROUP III To about 1ml of the salt
solution add about 1ml each of NH4Cl
No ppt is obtained
and NH4OH and shake it well
Absence of ammonium
Absence of 1st group
2+
metal ions (Pb )
Absence of 2nd group
metal ions (Cu2+)
Absence of 3rd group
metal ions (Al3+ / Fe3+)
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GROUP IV To the above solution
pass (H2S) gas
A dirty white ppt is obtained
Presence of 4 th group
metal ion (Zn2+)
The ppt dissolves
Presence of Zinc
White Ppt Soluble in excess
NaOH is Obtained
Presence of Zinc is
Confirmed
To the 1 ml of Original solution add 2 White Ppt Soluble in excess
ml K4[Fe(CN)6] solution
NaOH, insoluble in dilute
acids, is Obtained
Presence of Zinc is
Confirmed
1
Test for Zinc:
To the ppt add dil HCl and boil it
2
To the 1 ml of Original solution add
dil.NaOH in drops to excess
3
ad
al
Result:
The Anion Present
: SULPHATE
The cation Present
: ZINC
The Given simple salt : ZINC SULPHATE
.in
Analysis of the 4th group ppt:
SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS OF SIMPLE SALT- VIII
S NO
Experiment
Observation
Inference
ik
Analysis of anions
1
Colour:
Note the colour of the salt
2.
Action of heat:
A small amount of a salt is heated in Salt is Yellow when hot,
White when cold
a test tube
May be a zinc salt
3.
Flame test:
Small amount of salt + A drop of
Conc. HCl ,form a paste. Take the
paste at the charred end of the
splinter and introduce it near the
Bunsen flame
Absence of Copper,
Barium, Calcium
5
6
lv
.k
a
w
w
No Characteristic flame
Colour is Observed.
A colourless gas with a rotten
Action of dil. HCl:
egg smell turning a paper
Small amount of salt + 1ml of dil. HCl dipped in lead acetate
. Gently heat it
shining black
evolves
Action of Conc.H2SO4:
Small amount of a salt in a dry test
tube + Conc. H2SO4 and gently heat No Charactristic gas evolves
it
w
4.
Colourless
Action of MnO2 and Conc. H2SO4:
Small amount of salt in a dry test
No Characteristic Gas is
tube + pinch of MnO2 +
evolved.
Conc.H2SO4 and gently heat it
Absence of copper,
Iron salts
Presence of sulphide is
Confirmed
Absence of Chloride,
Bromide, Nitrate
Absence of chloride,
bromide
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7.
8.
9
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Action of Conc. H2SO4 and copper
turning: small amount of salt in a dry
No reddish brown gas
test tube + few copper turnings
evolves
+ Conc. H2SO4. Gently heat it
Absence of nitrate.
Action of dil. NaOH solution: Small
No Characteristic gas is
amont of a salt + dil.NaOH solution
Observed.
and gently heat it.
Chromyl chloride test:
Small amount of salt in + a pinch of
potassium dichromate and three
drops Conc. H2SO4.Gently heat it.
No Red Orange Vapour is
Observed.
Absence of ammonium
salt
Absence of chloride.
ad
ik
Presence of sulphide
Test with lead acetate:
1ml of the sodium carbonate extract,
+ 1ml of dil acetic acid and heat it + 1 No white ppt is obtained
ml of Lead Acetate
Brown ring test:
1ml o f the sodium carbonate extract
+ dil.H2SO4 + freshly prepared
ferrous sulphate solution then add
No brown ring is formed
Conc. H2SO4 along the sides of the
test tube.
Absence of sulphate
Absence of sulphate
Absence of nitrate
w
13
.k
a
12
No white ppt is obtained
w
w
11
Test with barium chloride:
One ml of the sodium carbonate
extract + dil. Aceticacid + 1ml of
bariumchloride solution and shake
A black ppt is formed
lv
Test for halides:
1 ml of sodium carbonate extract
10. +dil. HNO3 + 1ml of AgNO3, and
shake it
al
.in
Analysis with Sodium carbonate extract
Preparation of Sodium carbonate extract
Take 1g of the given salt + 3g of solid sodium carbonate + 20g of distilled water. Boil the solution
for few mins, filter.The filtrate is called sodium carbonate extract.
14
15
Ammonium molybdate test:
1 ml of the extract + dil HNO3 + about
No canary yellow ppt is
1ml each of ammonium molybdate
formed.
and Conc. HNO3
Absence of phosphate
Test with sodium nitrobruside:
1ml of the sodium carbonate extract A purple or violet colouration
+ 1ml of dil .aommonia. + few drops appears
Prsence of sulphide.
of sodium nitro bruside.
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Preparation of salt solution:
To a small amount of salt in a test tube, add 3ml of dil.HCl + dil.HNO3, shake it and gently heat it.
This solution is called “original solution”.
2
GROUP I
Take about 1 ml of the salt solution in
a test tube Add about 1ml of dil HCl, No White ppt is formed.
and shake it
No Black ppt is formed
GROUP III To about 1ml of the salt
solution add about 1ml each of NH4Cl
No ppt is obtained
and NH4OH and shake it well
A dirty white ppt is obtained
lv
Analysis of the 4th group ppt:
1
Test for Zinc:
To the ppt add dil HCl and boil it
2
To the 1 ml of Original solution add
dil.NaOH in drops to excess
Absence of 2nd group
metal ions (Cu2+)
Absence of 3rd group
3+
3+
metal ions (Al / Fe )
Presence of 4 th group
metal ion (Zn2+)
Presence of Zinc
White Ppt Soluble in excess
NaOH is Obtained
Presence of Zinc is
Confirmed
To the 1 ml of Original solution add 2 White Ppt Soluble in excess
ml K4[Fe(CN)6] solution
NaOH, insoluble in dilute
acids, is Obtained
Presence of Zinc is
Confirmed
.k
a
The ppt dissolves
w
w
3
Absence of 1st group
metal ions (Pb2+)
ik
GROUP IV To the above solution
pass (H2S) gas
Absence of ammonium
al
4
GROUP II
To the above solution pass H2S gas.
ad
3
No chocolate brown ppt is
obtained.
.in
1
GROUP 0
1ml of the original salt solution add
about 1ml each of Nessler’s reagent
and NaOH.
w
Result:
The Anion Present
: SULPHIDE
The cation Present
: ZINC
The Given simple salt : ZINC SULPHIDE
SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS OF SIMPLE SALT- IX
S NO
Experiment
Observation
Inference
Analysis of anions
1
Colour:
Note the colour of the salt
2.
Action of heat:
A colourless, odourless gas
A small amount of a salt is heated in turning lime water milky
a test tube
evolves
Colourless
Absence of copper,
Iron salts
Presence of carbonate
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6
Action of Conc. H2SO4 and copper
turning: small amount of salt in a dry
No reddish brown gas
test tube + few copper turnings
evolves
+ Conc. H2SO4. Gently heat it
Absence of chloride,
bromide
Absence of nitrate.
ik
7.
Action of MnO2 and Conc. H2SO4:
Small amount of salt in a dry test
No Characteristic Gas is
tube + pinch of MnO2 +
evolved.
Conc.H2SO4 and gently heat it
.in
5
Action of dil. HCl:
A colourless, odourless gas
Small amount of salt + 1ml of dil. HCl evolves as a brisk
Presence of carbonate
. Gently heat it
Effervescence and turns lime is Confirmed
water milky
Action of Conc.H2SO4:
Small amount of a salt in a dry test
Absence of Chloride,
tube + Conc. H2SO4 and gently heat No Charactristic gas evolves Bromide, Nitrate
it
al
4.
Presence of a calcium
Brick red Colour is Observed. salt
ad
3.
Flame test:
Small amount of salt + A drop of
Conc. HCl ,form a paste. Take the
paste at the charred end of the
splinter and introduce it near the
Bunsen flame
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lv
Chromyl chloride test:
Small amount of salt in + a pinch of
potassium dichromate and three
drops Conc. H2SO4.Gently heat it.
No Red Orange Vapour is
Observed.
Absence of ammonium
salt
Absence of chloride.
w
w
9
.k
a
8.
Action of dil. NaOH solution: Small
No Characteristic gas is
amont of a salt + dil.NaOH solution
Observed.
and gently heat it.
w
Analysis with Sodium carbonate extract
Preparation of Sodium carbonate extract
Take 1g of the given salt + 3g of solid sodium carbonate + 20g of distilled water. Boil the solution
for few mins, filter.The filtrate is called sodium carbonate extract.
Test for halides:
1 ml of sodium carbonate extract
10. +dil. HNO3 + 1ml of AgNO3, and
shake it
11
Test with barium chloride:
One ml of the sodium carbonate
extract + dil. Aceticacid + 1ml of
bariumchloride solution and shake
No Characteristic ppt is
Obtained.
Absence of chloride,
bromide, sulphide
No white ppt is obtained
Absence of sulphate
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13
14
Brown ring test:
1ml of the sodium carbonate extract
+ dil.H2SO4 + freshly prepared
ferrous sulphate solution then add
Conc. H2SO4 along the sides of the
test tube.
No brown ring is formed
Ammonium molybdate test:
1 ml of the extract + dil HNO3 + about
No canary yellow ppt is
1ml each of ammonium molybdate
formed.
and Conc. HNO3
Test with sodium nitrobruside:
1ml of the sodium carbonate extract
+ 1ml of dil .aommonia + few drops No purple or violet
colouration appears
of sodium nitro bruside.
Absence of sulphate
Absence of nitrate
Absence of phosphate
Absence of sulphide.
ad
15
Test with leadacetate:
1ml of the sodium carbonate extract,
+ 1ml of dil acetic acid and heat it + 1 No white ppt is obtained
ml of Lead Acetate
al
12
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.in
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ik
Preparation of salt solution:
To a small amount of salt in a test tube add 2 to 3ml of dil.HCl, shake it and gently heat it. This
solution is called “original solution”.
1
GROUP 0
1ml of the original salt solution add
about 1ml each of Nessler’s reagent
and NaOH.
2
GROUP I
Take about 1 ml of the salt solution in
a test tube Add about 1ml of dil HCl, No White ppt is formed.
and shake it
4
5
6
lv
.k
a
w
w
GROUP II
To the above solution pass H2S gas.
w
3
No chocolate brown ppt is
obtained.
GROUP III To about 1ml of the salt
solution add about 1ml each of
NH4Cl, NH4OH and shake it well
GROUP IV To the above solution
pass (H2S) gas
GROUP V To the salt solution add
1ml each of NH4Cl, NH4OH and
(NH4)2CO3 and shake it well.
No Black ppt is formed
No ppt is obtained
Absence of ammonium
Absence of 1st group
metal ions (Pb2+)
Absence of 2nd group
metal ions (Cu2+)
Absence of 3rd group
metal ions (Al3+ / Fe3+)
Absence of 4 th group
2+
No dirty white ppt is obtained metal ion (Zn )
A white ppt is obtained
Presence of 5th group
metal ions (Ba2+/ Ca2+)
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Analysis of the 5th group ppt:
2
To the ppt add about 1ml of dil.
acetic acid and gently heat it.
Presence of (Ba2+/
Ca2+)
The ppt dissolves.
Test for Calcium
To the solution add
about 1ml of ammonium sulphate
A white ppt is obtained.
Filter.To the residue add a
drop of Conc. HCl. Take the
residue and introduce near
the Bunsen flame.A crimson
red colour is seen
Presence of Calcium is
Confirmed
al
If no ppt is obtained, to the
solution add about 1ml of
potassium ferrocyanide and
shake it. A pale yellow ppt
appears.
Presence of Calcium is
Confirmed
.in
1
ad
Result:
The Anion Present
: CARBONATE
The cation Present
: CALCIUM
The Given simple salt : CALCIUM CARBONATE
S NO
ik
SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS OF SIMPLE SALT- X
Experiment
Observation
Inference
lv
Analysis of anions
1
Colour:
Note the colour of the salt
2.
Action of heat:
A small amount of a salt is heated in No Characteristic Change
Occurs
a test tube
3.
Flame test:
Small amount of salt + A drop of
Conc. HCl ,form a paste. Take the
paste at the charred end of the
splinter and introduce it near the
Bunsen flame
Apple green Colour is
Observed.
Absence of copper,
Iron salts
Absence of Zinc,
Ammonium, Nitrate
Presence of Barium
salt
w
w
w
.k
a
Colourless
4.
5
Action of dil. HCl:
Small amount of salt + 1ml of dil. HCl No Charactristic gas
evolves
. Gently heat it
Action of Conc.H2SO4:
A colourless gas evolves. It
Small amount of a salt in a dry test
gives a dense white fumes
tube + Conc. H2SO4 and gently heat
when a glass rod dipped in
it
liquid ammonia is brought
close to its mouth
Absence of
Carbonate,Nitrate,
Sulphide
Prsence of Chloride
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9
Absence of Nitrate.
Action of dil. NaOH solution: Small
No Characteristic gas is
amont of a salt + dil.NaOH solution
Observed.
and gently heat it.
Chromyl chloride test:
Small amount of salt in + a pinch of
potassium dichromate and three
drops Conc. H2SO4.Gently heat it.
Pass the vapours into dilute sodium
hydroxide solution. If a yellow
solution is obtained, add dil. Acetic
acid and lead acetate
Absence of ammonium
salt
.in
8.
Action of Conc. H2SO4 and copper
turning: small amount of salt in a dry
No reddish brown gas
test tube + few copper turnings +
evolves
Conc. H2SO4. Gently heat it
al
7.
Action of MnO2 and Conc. H2SO4:
A greenish yellow gas turning
Small amount of salt in a dry test
starch iodide paper blue
tube + pinch of MnO2 +
Prsence of Chloride
evolves
Conc.H2SO4 and gently heat it
A yellow ppt is obtained
Presence of chloride.
ad
6
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Test with barium chloride:
One ml of the sodium carbonate
extract + dil. Aceticacid + 1ml of
bariumchloride solution and shake
A curdy white ppt
insoluble in dil. Ammonia is
formed
Presence of chloride
No white ppt is obtained
Absence of sulphate
Test with leadacetate:
1ml of the sodium carbonate extract,
+ 1ml of dil acetic acid and heat it + 1 No white ppt is obtained
ml of Lead Acetate
Absence of sulphate
w
11
w
w
.k
a
Test for halides:
1 ml of sodium carbonate extract
10. +dil. HNO3 + 1ml of AgNO3, and
shake it
lv
ik
Analysis with Sodium carbonate extract
Preparation of Sodium carbonate extract
Take 1g of the given salt + 3g of solid sodium carbonate + 20g of distilled water. Boil the solution
for few mins, filter.The filtrate is called sodium carbonate extract.
12
13
Brown ring test:
1ml of the sodium carbonate extract
+ dil.H2SO4 + freshly prepared
ferrous sulphate solution then add
Conc. H2SO4 along the sides of the
test tube.
No brown ring is formed
Absence of Nitrate
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14
15
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Ammonium molybdate test:
1 ml of the extract + dil HNO3 + about
No canary yellow ppt is
1ml each of ammonium molybdate
formed.
and Conc. HNO3
Test with sodium nitrobruside:
1ml of the sodium carbonate extract
+ 1ml of dil .aommonia. + few drops No purple or violet
colouration appears
of sodium nitro bruside.
Absence of Phosphate
Absence of sulphide.
2
GROUP I
Take about 1 ml of the salt solution in
a test tube Add about 1mL of dil HCl, No White ppt is formed.
and shake it
6
ad
ik
lv
No Black ppt is formed
No ppt is obtained
.k
a
5
GROUP III To about 1ml of the salt
solution add about 1ml each of
NH4Cl, NH4OH and shake it well
GROUP IV To the above solution
pass (H2S) gas
w
w
4
GROUP II
To the above solution pass H2S gas.
GROUP V To the salt solution add
1ml each of NH4Cl, NH4OH and
(NH4)2CO3 and shake it well.
w
3
Absence of ammonium
al
1
GROUP 0
1ml of the original salt solution add
No chocolate brown ppt is
about 1mL each of Nessler’s reagent obtained.
and NaOH.
.in
Preparation of salt solution:
To a small amount of salt in a test tube add 2 to 3ml of water, shake it and gently heat it. This
solution is called “original solution”.
Absence of 1st group
metal ions (Pb2+)
Absence of 2nd group
metal ions (Cu2+)
Absence of 3rd group
metal ions (Al3+ / Fe3+)
Absence of 4 th group
2+
No dirty white ppt is obtained metal ion (Zn )
A white ppt is obtained
Presence of 5th group
metal ions (Ba2+/ Ca2+)
Analysis of the 5th group ppt:
1
To the ppt add about 1ml of dil.
acetic acid and gently heat it.
The ppt dissolves.
Presence of (Ba2+/
2+
Ca )
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Test for Barium.
To the solution add about 1ml of
potassium chromate
A yellow ppt is obtained.
Filter To the residue add a
drop of Conc. HCl. Take a
portion of the paste and
introduce near the Bunsen
flame. A transient green is
imparted to the flame
2
Presence of Barium is
Confirmed
SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS OF SIMPLE SALT- XI
S NO
Experiment
Observation
.in
Result:
The Anion Present
: CHLORIDE
The cation Present
: BARIUM
The Given simple salt : BARIUM CHLORIDE
Inference
al
Analysis of anions
1
Colour:
Note the colour of the salt
2.
Action of heat:
A small amount of a salt is heated in No Characteristic Change
Occurs
a test tube
Absence of Zinc,
Ammonium, Nitrate
3.
Flame test:
Small amount of salt + A drop of
Conc. HCl ,form a paste. Take the
paste at the charred end of the
splinter and introduce it near the
Bunsen flame
Absence of Copper,
Barium, Calcium
ad
ik
lv
.k
a
Action of dil. HCl:
Absence of
Small amount of salt + 1ml of dil. HCl No Charactristic gas evolves Carbonate,Nitrate,
. Gently heat it
Sulphide
Action of Conc.H2SO4:
Small amount of a salt in a dry test
Absence of Chloride,
tube + Conc. H2SO4 and gently heat No Charactristic gas evolves Bromide, Nitrate
it
w
5
No Characteristic flame
Colour is Observed.
w
w
4.
Absence of copper,
Iron salts
Colourless
6
7.
8.
Action of MnO2 and Conc. H2SO4:
Small amount of salt in a dry test
No Characteristic Gas is
tube + pinch of MnO2 +
evolved.
Conc.H2SO4 and gently heat it
Action of Conc. H2SO4 and copper
turning: small amount of salt in a dry
No reddish brown gas
test tube + few copper turnings +
evolves
Conc. H2SO4. Gently heat it
Action of dil. NaOH solution: Small
No Characteristic gas is
amont of a salt + dil.NaOH solution
Observed.
and gently heat it.
Absence of chloride,
bromide
Absence of nitrate.
Absence of ammonium
salt
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9
Chromyl chloride test:
Small amount of salt in + a pinch of
potassium dichromate and three
drops Conc. H2SO4.Gently heat it.
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No Red Orange Vapour is
Observed.
Absence of chloride.
Analysis with Sodium carbonate extract
Preparation of Sodium carbonate extract
Take 1g of the given salt + 3g of solid sodium carbonate + 20g of distilled water. Boil the solution
for few mins, filter.The filtrate is called sodium carbonate extract.
.in
Prsence of sulphate is
Confirmed.
ad
Presence of sulphate
No brown ring is formed
Absence of nitrate
.k
a
13
Test with leadacetate:
1ml of the sodium carbonate extract, A whit ppt soluble in excess
+ 1ml of dil acetic acid and heat it + 1 of ammonium acetate is
formed
ml of Lead Acetate
Brown ring test:
1ml of the sodium carbonate extract
+ dil.H2SO4 + freshly prepared
ferrous sulphate solution then add
Conc. H2SO4 along the sides of the
test tube.
Absence of chloride,
bromide, sulphide
ik
12
A white ppt insoluble in dil
H2SO4 is formed
lv
11
Test with barium chloride:
One ml of the sodium carbonate
extract + dil. Aceticacid + 1ml of
bariumchloride solution and shake
No Characteristic ppt is
Obtained.
al
Test for halides:
1 ml of sodium carbonate extract
10. +dil. HNO3 + 1ml of AgNO3, and
shake it
15
w
w
Test with sodium nitrobruside:
1ml of the sodium carbonate extract
+ 1ml of dil .aommonia. + few drops No purple or violet
colouration appears
of sodium nitro bruside.
w
14
Ammonium molybdate test:
1 ml of the extract + dil HNO3 + about
No canary yellow ppt is
1ml each of ammonium molybdate
formed.
and Conc. HNO3
Absence of phosphate
Absence of sulphide.
Preparation of salt solution:
To a small amount of salt in a test tube add 2 to 3ml of water, shake it and gently heat it. This
solution is called “original solution”.
1
GROUP 0
1ml of the original salt solution add
about 1ml each of Nessler’s reagent
and NaOH.
No chocolate brown ppt is
obtained.
Absence of ammonium
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6
7
GROUP III To about 1ml of the salt
solution add about 1ml each of NH4Cl
No ppt is obtained
and NH4OH and shake it well
GROUP IV To the above solution
pass (H2S) gas
GROUP V To the salt solution add
1ml each of NH4Cl, NH4OH and
(NH4)2CO3 and shake it well.
GROUP VI To the original salt
solution add 1ml each of NH4Cl,
NH4OH and NH4H2PO4, and scratch
the sides of the test tube.
3
Absence of 4 th group
No dirty white ppt is obtained metal ion (Zn2+)
Absence of 5th group
metal ions (Ba2+/ Ca2+)
No white ppt is obtained
A white ppt is obtained.
Presence of 6th group
metal ion (Mg2+)
.k
a
Test for Magnesium: i)To about 1ml
Presence of
White Ppt insoluble in excess
of the original salt solution add dil.
Magnesium is
NaOH is Obtained
NaOH in drops with shaking.
Confirmed
ii)To about 1ml of the original salt
solution add about 1ml of
Magneson reagent.
w
w
2
Absence of 3rd group
3+
3+
metal ions (Al / Fe )
lv
Analysis of the 6th group ppt:
Absence of 2nd group
metal ions (Cu2+)
.in
5
No Black ppt is formed
Absence of 1st group
metal ions (Pb2+)
al
4
GROUP II
To the above solution pass H2S gas.
ad
3
GROUP I
Take about 1 ml of the salt solution in
a test tube Add about 1mL of dil HCl, No White ppt is formed.
and shake it
ik
2
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A blue ppt is formed.
Presence of
Magnesium is
Confirmed
w
Result:
The Anion Present
: SULPHATE
The cation Present
: MAGNESIUM
The Given simple salt : MAGNESIUM SULPHATE
SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS OF SIMPLE SALT- XII
S NO
Experiment
Observation
Inference
Analysis of anions
1
Colour:
Note the colour of the salt
2.
Action of heat:
A small amount of a salt is heated in No Characteristic Change
Occurs
a test tube
Colourless
Absence of copper,
Iron salts
Absence of Zinc,
Ammonium, Nitrate
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7.
8.
.in
al
Action of dil. NaOH solution: Small
No Characteristic gas is
amont of a salt + dil.NaOH solution
Observed.
and gently heat it.
Chromyl chloride test:
Small amount of salt in + a pinch of
potassium dichromate and three
drops Conc. H2SO4.Gently heat it.
Absence of chloride,
bromide
No Red Orange Vapour is
Observed.
Absence of nitrate.
Absence of ammonium
salt
Absence of chloride.
w
w
9
Action of Conc. H2SO4 and copper
turning: small amount of salt in a dry
No reddish brown gas
test tube + few copper turnings +
evolves
Conc. H2SO4. Gently heat it
ad
6
Action of MnO2 and Conc. H2SO4:
Small amount of salt in a dry test
No Characteristic Gas is
tube + pinch of MnO2 +
evolved.
Conc.H2SO4 and gently heat it
ik
5
Absence of Copper,
Barium, Calcium
Action of dil. HCl:
Absence of
Small amount of salt + 1ml of dil. HCl No Charactristic gas evolves Carbonate,Nitrate,
. Gently heat it
Sulphide
Action of Conc.H2SO4:
Small amount of a salt in a dry test
Absence of Chloride,
tube + Conc. H2SO4 and gently heat No Charactristic gas evolves Bromide, Nitrate
it
lv
4.
No Characteristic flame
Colour is Observed.
.k
a
3.
Flame test:
Small amount of salt + A drop of
Conc. HCl ,form a paste. Take the
paste at the charred end of the
splinter and introduce it near the
Bunsen flame
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w
Analysis with Sodium carbonate extract
Preparation of Sodium carbonate extract
Take 1g of the given salt + 3g of solid sodium carbonate + 20g of distilled water. Boil the solution
for few mins, filter.The filtrate is called sodium carbonate extract.
Test for halides:
1 ml of sodium carbonate extract
10. +dil. HNO3 + 1ml of AgNO3, and
shake it
11
Test with barium chloride:
One ml of the sodium carbonate
extract + dil. Aceticacid + 1ml of
bariumchloride solution and shake
No Characteristic ppt is
Obtained.
Absence of chloride,
bromide, sulphide
No white ppt is obtained
Absence of sulphate
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14
No brown ring is formed
Absence of nitrate
Ammonium molybdate test:
1 ml of the extract + dil HNO3 + about
Presence of Phosphate
Canary yellow ppt is formed.
1ml each of ammonium molybdate
is Confirmed
and Conc. HNO3
Test with sodium nitrobruside:
1ml of the sodium carbonate extract
+ 1ml of dil .aommonia. + few drops No purple or violet
colouration appears
of sodium nitro bruside.
Absence of sulphide.
ad
15
Brown ring test:
1ml of the sodium carbonate extract
+ dil.H2SO4 + freshly prepared
ferrous sulphate solution then add
Conc. H2SO4 along the sides of the
test tube.
Absence of sulphate
.in
13
Test with leadacetate:
1ml of the sodium carbonate extract,
+ 1ml of dil acetic acid and heat it + 1 No white ppt is obtained
ml of Lead Acetate
al
12
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ik
Preparation of salt solution:
To a small amount of salt in a test tube add 2 to 3ml of water, shake it and gently heat it. This
solution is called “original solution”.
2
GROUP I
Take about 1 ml of the salt solution in
a test tube Add about 1ml of dil HCl, No White ppt is formed.
and shake it
4
5
6
.k
a
w
w
GROUP II
To the above solution pass H2S gas.
No Black ppt is formed
w
3
lv
1
GROUP 0
1ml of the original salt solution add
No chocolate brown ppt is
about 1mL each of Nessler’s reagent obtained.
and NaOH.
GROUP III To about 1ml of the salt
solution add about 1ml each of NH4Cl
No ppt is obtained
and NH4OH and shake it well
GROUP IV To the above solution
pass (H2S) gas
GROUP V To the salt solution add
1ml each of NH4Cl, NH4OH and
(NH4)2CO3 and shake it well.
Absence of ammonium
Absence of 1st group
metal ions (Pb2+)
Absence of 2nd group
metal ions (Cu2+)
Absence of 3rd group
metal ions (Al3+ / Fe3+)
Absence of 4 th group
2+
No dirty white ppt is obtained metal ion (Zn )
No white ppt is obtained
Absence of 5th group
metal ions (Ba2+/ Ca2+)
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GROUP VI To the original salt
solution add 1ml each of NH4Cl,
NH4OH and NH4H2PO4, and scratch
the sides of the test tube.
A white ppt is obtained.
Presence of 6th group
2+
metal ion Mg
Analysis of the 6th group ppt:
3
ii)To about 1ml of the original salt
solution add about 1ml of
Magneson reagent.
Presence of
Magnesium is
Confirmed
A blue ppt is formed.
.in
2
Test for Magnesium: i)To about 1ml
Presence of
White Ppt insoluble in excess
of the original salt solution add dil.
Magnesium is
NaOH is Obtained
NaOH in drops with shaking.
Confirmed
al
Result:
The Anion Present
: PHOSPHATE
The cation Present
: MAGNESIUM
The Given simple salt : MAGNESIUM PHOSPHATE
S NO
ad
SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS OF SIMPLE SALT- XIII
Experiment
Observation
Inference
ik
Analysis of anions
1
Colour:
Note the colour of the salt
2.
Action of heat:
A colourless, odourless gas
A small amount of a salt is heated in turning lime water milky
a test tube
evolves
Presence of carbonate
3.
Flame test:
Small amount of salt + A drop of
Conc. HCl ,form a paste. Take the
paste at the charred end of the
splinter and introduce it near the
Bunsen flame
Absence of Copper,
Barium, Calcium
4.
Action of dil. HCl:
A colourless, odourless gas
Small amount of salt + 1ml of dil. HCl evolves as a brisk
Presence of carbonate
. Gently heat it
Effervescence and turns lime is Confirmed
water milky
5
Action of Conc.H2SO4:
Small amount of a salt in a dry test
Absence of Chloride,
tube + Conc. H2SO4 and gently heat No Charactristic gas evolves Bromide, Nitrate
it
6
No Characteristic flame
Colour is Observed.
Absence of copper,
Iron salts
w
w
w
.k
a
lv
Colourless
Action of MnO2 and Conc. H2SO4:
Small amount of salt in a dry test
No Characteristic Gas is
tube + pinch of MnO2 +
evolved.
Conc.H2SO4 and gently heat it
Absence of chloride,
bromide
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7.
8.
9
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Action of Conc. H2SO4 and copper
turning: small amount of salt in a dry
No reddish brown gas
test tube + few copper turnings +
evolves
Conc. H2SO4. Gently heat it
Absence of nitrate.
Action of dil. NaOH solution: Small
No Characteristic gas is
amont of a salt + dil.NaOH solution
Observed.
and gently heat it.
Chromyl chloride test:
Small amount of salt in + a pinch of
potassium dichromate and three
drops Conc. H2SO4.Gently heat it.
No Red Orange Vapour is
Observed.
Absence of ammonium
salt
Absence of chloride.
Brown ring test:
1ml of the sodium carbonate extract
+ dil.H2SO4 + freshly prepared
ferrous sulphate solution then add
Conc. H2SO4 along the sides of the
test tube.
ad
ik
Absence of chloride,
bromide, sulphide
No brown ring is formed
Absence of sulphate
Absence of sulphate
Absence of Nitrate
w
13
.k
a
12
No white ppt is obtained
Test with leadacetate:
1ml of the sodium carbonate extract,
+ 1ml of dil acetic acid and heat it + 1 No white ppt is obtained
ml of Lead Acetate
w
w
11
Test with barium chloride:
One ml of the sodium carbonate
extract + dil. Aceticacid + 1ml of
bariumchloride solution and shake
No Characteristic ppt is
Obtained.
lv
Test for halides:
1 ml of sodium carbonate extract
10. +dil. HNO3 + 1ml of AgNO3, and
shake it
al
.in
Analysis with Sodium carbonate extract
Preparation of Sodium carbonate extract
Take 1g of the given salt + 3g of solid sodium carbonate + 20g of distilled water. Boil the solution
for few mins, filter.The filtrate is called sodium carbonate extract.
14
15
Ammonium molybdate test:
1 ml of the extract + dil HNO3 + about
No canary yellow ppt is
1ml each of ammonium molybdate
formed.
and Conc. HNO3
Test with sodium nitrobruside:
1ml of the sodium carbonate extract
+ 1ml of dil .aommonia. + few drops No purple or violet
colouration appears
of sodium nitro bruside.
Absence of Phosphate
Absence of sulphide.
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Preparation of salt solution:
To a small amount of salt in a test tube add 2 to 3ml of dil.HCl, shake it and gently heat it. This
solution is called “original solution”.
1
GROUP 0
1ml of the original salt solution add
about 1ml each of Nessler’s reagent
and NaOH.
2
GROUP I
Take about 1 ml of the salt solution in
a test tube Add about 1ml of dil HCl, No White ppt is formed.
and shake it
6
GROUP V To the salt solution add
1ml each of NH4Cl, NH4OH and
(NH4)2CO3 and shake it well.
GROUP VI To the original salt
solution add 1ml each of NH4Cl,
NH4OH and NH4H2PO4, and scratch
the sides of the test tube.
Absence of 1st group
metal ions (Pb2+)
.in
Absence of 2nd group
2+
metal ions (Cu )
al
Absence of 3rd group
3+
3+
metal ions (Al / Fe )
ad
GROUP IV To the above solution
pass (H2S) gas
Absence of ammonium
Absence of 4 th group
2+
No dirty white ppt is obtained metal ion (Zn )
No white ppt is obtained
A white ppt is obtained.
Absence of 5th group
metal ions (Ba2+/ Ca2+)
Presence of 6th group
metal ion Mg2+
w
w
7
GROUP III To about 1ml of the salt
solution add about 1ml each of NH4Cl
No ppt is obtained
and NH4OH and shake it well
ik
5
No Black ppt is formed
lv
4
GROUP II
To the above solution pass H2S gas.
.k
a
3
No chocolate brown ppt is
obtained.
Analysis of the 6th group ppt:
3
w
2
Test for Magnesium: i)To about 1ml
Presence of
White Ppt insoluble in excess
of the original salt solution add dil.
Magnesium is
NaOH is Obtained
NaOH in drops with shaking.
Confirmed
ii)To about 1ml of the original salt
solution add about 1ml of
Magneson reagent.
A blue ppt is formed.
Presence of
Magnesium is
Confirmed
Result:
The Anion Present
: CARBONATE
The cation Present
: MAGNESIUM
The Given simple salt : MAGNESIUM CARBONATE
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SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS OF SIMPLE SALT- XIV
S NO
Experiment
Observation
Inference
Analysis of anions
Flame test:
Small amount of salt + A drop of
Conc. HCl ,form a paste. Take the
paste at the charred end of the
splinter and introduce it near the
Bunsen flame
No Characteristic flame
Colour is Observed.
Action of dil. HCl:
Small amount of salt + 1ml of dil. HCl No Charactristic gas
evolves
. Gently heat it
Absence of Copper,
Barium, Calcium
Absence of
Carbonate,Nitrate,
Sulphide
ik
4.
Action of heat:
A colourless gas with the
A small amount of a salt is heated in pungent small turning red
a test tube
litmus paper into blue
Presence of an
evolves. It gives a dense
ammonium salt
white fumes when a glass rod
dipped in Conc. HCl is
brought close to its mouth
.in
3.
Absence of copper,
Iron salts
Colourless
al
2.
Colour:
Note the colour of the salt
ad
1
7.
8.
lv
.k
a
w
w
6
Prsence of Chloride
Action of MnO2 and Conc. H2SO4:
A greenish yellow gas turning
Small amount of salt in a dry test
starch iodide paper blue
tube + pinch of MnO2 +
Prsence of Chloride
evolves
Conc.H2SO4 and gently heat it
Action of Conc. H2SO4 and copper
turning: small amount of salt in a dry
No reddish brown gas
test tube + few copper turnings +
evolves
Conc. H2SO4. Gently heat it
w
5
Action of Conc.H2SO4:
A colourless gas evolves. It
Small amount of a salt in a dry test
gives a dense white fumes
tube + Conc. H2SO4 and gently heat
when a glass rod dipped in
it
liquid ammonia is brought
close to its mouth
Absence of nitrate.
Action of dil. NaOH solution: Small A colourless gas with the pun
amont of a salt + dil.NaOH solution
gent smell giving dense white
and gently heat it.
Presence of ammonium
fumes
with a glass rod dipped in dil. salt
HCl evolves
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9
Chromyl chloride test:
Small amount of salt in + a pinch of
potassium dichromate and three
drops Conc. H2SO4.Gently heat it.
Pass the vapours into dilute sodium
hydroxide solution. If a yellow
solution is obtained, add dil. Acetic
acid and lead acetate
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A yellow ppt is obtained
Presence of chloride.
14
15
al
Presence of chloride
ik
Absence of sulphate
Absence of sulphate
lv
Brown ring test:
1ml of the sodium carbonate extract
+ dil.H2SO4 + freshly prepared
ferrous sulphate solution then add
Conc. H2SO4 along the sides of the
test tube.
.k
a
13
Test with leadacetate:
1ml of the sodium carbonate extract,
+ 1ml of dil acetic acid and heat it + 1 No white ppt is obtained
ml of Lead Acetate
No brown ring is formed
w
w
12
No white ppt is obtained
Ammonium molybdate test:
1 ml of the extract + dil HNO3 + about
No canary yellow ppt is
1ml each of ammonium molybdate
formed.
and Conc. HNO3
w
11
Test with barium chloride:
One ml of the sodium carbonate
extract + dil. Aceticacid + 1ml of
bariumchloride solution and shake
A curdy white ppt
insoluble in dil. Ammonia is
formed
ad
Test for halides:
1 ml of sodium carbonate extract
10. +dil. HNO3 + 1ml of AgNO3, and
shake it
.in
Analysis with Sodium carbonate extract
Preparation of Sodium carbonate extract
Take 1g of the given salt + 3g of solid sodium carbonate + 20g of distilled water. Boil the solution
for few mins, filter.The filtrate is called sodium carbonate extract.
Test with sodium nitrobruside:
1ml of the sodium carbonate extract
+ 1ml of dil .aommonia. + few drops No purple or violet
colouration appears
of sodium nitro bruside.
Absence of nitrate
Absence of phosphate
Absence of sulphide.
Preparation of salt solution:
To a small amount of salt in a test tube add 2 to 3ml of water, shake it and gently heat it. This
solution is called “original solution”.
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1
GROUP 0
1ml of the original salt solution add
about 1ml each of Nessler’s reagent
and NaOH.
2
GROUP I
Take about 1 ml of the salt solution in
a test tube Add about 1ml of dil HCl, No White ppt is formed.
and shake it
7
GROUP V To the salt solution add
1ml each of NH4Cl, NH4OH and
(NH4)2CO3 and shake it well.
GROUP VI To the original salt
solution add 1ml each of NH4Cl,
NH4OH and NH4H2PO4, and scratch
the sides of the test tube.
1
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Analysis of the Ammonium
To 1ml of the original salt solution
add about 1ml each of Nessler’s
reagent and NaOH.
Absence of 1st group
metal ions (Pb2+)
Absence of 2nd group
metal ions (Cu2+)
.in
No ppt is obtained
al
Absence of 4 th group
No dirty white ppt is obtained metal ion (Zn2+)
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6
GROUP IV To the above solution
pass (H2S) gas
Presence of 0 group
+
metal ion (NH4 )
Absence of 3rd group
3+
3+
metal ions (Al / Fe )
No white ppt is obtained
ik
5
GROUP III To about 1ml of the salt
solution add about 1ml each of
NH4Cl, NH4OH and shake it well
No Black ppt is formed
lv
4
GROUP II
To the above solution pass H2S gas.
No white ppt is obtained.
.k
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3
A chocolate brown ppt is
obtained.
A chocolate brown ppt is
obtained.
Absence of 5th group
metal ions (Ba2+/ Ca2+)
Absence of 6th group
metal ion (Mg2+)
Presence of
Ammonium is
Confirmed
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Result:
The Anion Present
: CHLORIDE
The cation Present
: AMMONIUM
The Given simple salt : AMMONIUM CHLORIDE
SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS OF SIMPLE SALT- XV
S NO
Experiment
Observation
Inference
Analysis of anions
1
Colour:
Note the colour of the salt
Colourless
Absence of copper,
Iron salts
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3.
Flame test:
Small amount of salt + A drop of
Conc. HCl ,form a paste. Take the
paste at the charred end of the
splinter and introduce it near the
Bunsen flame
No Characteristic flame
Colour is Observed.
Action of dil. HCl:
Small amount of salt + 1ml of dil. HCl No Charactristic gas
evolves
. Gently heat it
Absence of Copper,
Barium, Calcium
Absence of
Carbonate,Nitrate,
Sulphide
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4.
Action of heat:
A colourless gas with the
A small amount of a salt is heated in pungent small turning red
a test tube
litmus paper into blue
Presence of an
evolves. It gives a dense
ammonium salt
white fumes when a glass rod
dipped in Conc. HCl is
brought close to its mouth
.in
2.
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Action of Conc.H2SO4:
Small amount of a salt in a dry test A reddish brown gas turning
tube + Conc. H2SO4 and gently heat moist fluorescein paper green
Prsence of Bromide
evolves
it
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Action of Conc. H2SO4 and copper
turning: small amount of salt in a dry
No reddish brown gas
test tube + few copper turnings +
evolves
Conc. H2SO4. Gently heat it
Prsence of Bromide
Absence of nitrate.
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7.
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Action of MnO2 and Conc. H2SO4: A reddish brown gas turning
Small amount of salt in a dry test
moist fluorescein paper red
tube + pinch of MnO2 +
evolves
Conc.H2SO4 and gently heat it
9
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8.
Action of dil. NaOH solution: Small A colourless gas with the
amont of a salt + dil.NaOH solution
pungent smell giving dense
and gently heat it.
Presence of ammonium
white fumes
with a glass rod dipped in dil. salt
HCl evolves
Chromyl chloride test:
Small amount of salt in + a pinch of
potassium dichromate and three
drops Conc. H2SO4.Gently heat it.
No Red Orange Vapour is
Observed.
Absence of chloride.
Analysis with Sodium carbonate extract
Preparation of Sodium carbonate extract
Take 1g of the given salt + 3g of solid sodium carbonate + 20g of distilled water. Boil the solution
for few mins, filter.The filtrate is called sodium carbonate extract.
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Test for halides:
1 ml of sodium carbonate extract
+dil. HNO3 + 1ml of AgNO3, and
10.
shake it
Absence of sulphate
Brown ring test:
1ml of the sodium carbonate extract
+ dil.H2SO4 + freshly prepared
ferrous sulphate solution then add
Conc. H2SO4 along the sides of the
test tube.
No brown ring is formed
.in
Test with leadacetate:
1ml of the sodium carbonate extract,
+ 1ml of dil acetic acid and heat it + 1 No white ppt is obtained
ml of Lead Acetate
Absence of nitrate
Ammonium molybdate test:
1 ml of the extract + dil HNO3 + about
No canary yellow ppt is
1ml each of ammonium molybdate
formed.
and Conc. HNO3
Absence of phosphate
lv
14
Absence of sulphate
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13
No white ppt is obtained
ad
12
Test with barium chloride:
One ml of the sodium carbonate
extract + dil. Aceticacid + 1ml of
bariumchloride solution and shake
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A pale yellow ppt sparingly
soluble in ammonia is formed Presence of Bromide is
Confirmed
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Test with sodium nitro bruside:
1ml of the sodium carbonate extract
+ 1ml of dil .aommonia. + few drops No purple or violet
colouration appears
of sodium nitro bruside.
Absence of sulphide.
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Preparation of salt solution:
To a small amount of salt in a test tube add 2 to 3ml of water, shake it and gently heat it. This
solution is called “original solution”.
2
GROUP I
Take about 1 ml of the salt solution in
a test tube Add about 1ml of dil HCl, No White ppt is formed.
and shake it
3
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1
GROUP 0
1ml of the original salt solution add
about 1ml each of Nessler’s reagent
and NaOH.
GROUP II
To the above solution pass H2S gas.
A chocolate brown ppt is
obtained.
No Black ppt is formed
Presence of 0 group
metal ion (NH4+)
Absence of 1st group
metal ions (Pb2+)
Absence of 2nd group
2+
metal ions (Cu )
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5
6
7
GROUP IV To the above solution
pass (H2S) gas
GROUP V To the salt solution add
1ml each of NH4Cl, NH4OH and
(NH4)2CO3 and shake it well.
GROUP VI To the original salt
solution add 1ml each of NH4Cl,
NH4OH and NH4H2PO4, and scratch
the sides of the test tube.
No ppt is obtained
Absence of 4 th group
2+
No dirty white ppt is obtained metal ion (Zn )
No white ppt is obtained
No white ppt is obtained.
A chocolate brown ppt is
obtained.
Absence of 6th group
metal ion (Mg2+)
Presence of
Ammonium is
Confirmed
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Result:
The Anion Present
: BROMIDE
The cation Present
: AMMONIUM
The Given simple salt : AMMONIUM BROMIDE
ad
To 1ml of the original salt solution
add about 1ml each of Nessler’s
reagent and NaOH.
Absence of 5th group
metal ions (Ba2+, Ca2+)
al
Analysis of the Ammonium
1
Absence of 3rd group
metal ions (Al3+ / Fe3+)
.in
4
GROUP III To about 1ml of the salt
solution add about 1ml each of
NH4Cl, NH4OH and shake it well
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