INGLÊS Read the text: WHO’S CRAZY? 5 10 15 20 25 A bizarre experiment in the United States has demonstrated that psychiatrists cannot distinguish effectively between people who are mentally disturbed and those who are sane. According to its originators, the experiment demonstrates the fallibility of conventional psychiatric diagnosis. It also lends considerable support to the position taken by radical psychiatrists like R. D. Laing, who argue that diagnoses of mental disease are often no more than convenient labels designed to make life easier for doctors. Eight perfectly normal people, by shamming symptoms of a mild kind, successfully gained admission to psychiatric wards where they remained undetected for as long as they could stand it. Once admitted, their behavior was normal in every way, but doctors and nurses continued to treat them as disturbed. In every case but one the diagnosis was schizophrenia. Once they were labeled as mentally ill, everything the ‘pseudopatients’ did tended to confirm the diagnosis in the eyes of the medical staff, though other patients in the hospital were much less easy to convince. The eight pseudopatients included three psychologists, a pediatrician, a psychiatrist, a painter and a housewife. All eight assumed false names and those connected with the medical profession also invented false occupation, so as not to attract special attention from fellow-professionals. This hospital chosen ranged from expensive private units to dingy publicly-run institutions. To gain admission the pseudopatients told the whole truth about their lives, their emotions and their personal relationships – all of which were within the normal range – and lied only about their names, symptoms, and in some cases their occupations. The symptoms they complained of were hearing disembodied voices saying the words ‘empty’, ‘hollow’ and ‘thud’. QUESTÃO 01 The expression ‘lends considerable support to’ (line 5) means A) disagrees. B) disproves. C) helps to prove. D) helps for a short time. QUESTÃO 02 According to the passage, psychiatrists like R. D. Laing think A) that diagnoses of mental illness are not just convenient labels. B) that nobody is really mad. C) that doctors say patients are mentally ill in order to make things more convenient for the patients. D) when somebody is diagnosed as having a mental illness, this often gives no real information about what is wrong with him. QUESTÃO 03 The word ‘who’ (line 6) refers to A) psychiatrists like Laing B) doctors C) psychiatrists D) R. D. Laing QUESTÃO 04 What does ‘shamming’(line 9) means? A) Pretending to have. B) Having. C) Catching. D) Discussing. QUESTÃO 05 In the expression ‘could stand it’(line 11), what does ‘it’ refer to? A) The physical conditions of the hospitals. B) The strain and unpleasantness of the situation. C) Admission. D) The pretence. QUESTÃO 06 The expression ‘continued to treat them as disturbed’ (line 12 and 13) means A) treated them in a strange way the whole time. B) went on behaving towards them as if they were mentally ill. C) consistently had an unusual attitude to them. D) gave them a difficult time. QUESTÃO 07 According to the fourth paragraph of the report A) the doctors and nurses regarded everything the pseudopatients did as mad. B) the pseudopatients’ mad behavior in hospital fooled the doctors. C) the pseudopatients did a great effort to imitate the behavior of real mental patients. D) schizophrenics and normal people behave in the same way. QUESTÃO 08 Why did some of the experimenters give false occupations? A) Because they were doctors themselves, and they didn’t want to be treated differently from normal patients. B) Because this is a symptom of schizophrenia. C) Because they wanted to hide their true personalities. D) Because they didn’t want to threat the other patients. QUESTÃO 09 What is meant by ‘pseudopatients’? A) A special category of patients. B) People pretending to be patients. C) Real patients. D) Mental patients. QUESTÃO 10 How did the experimenters manage to get admitted to mental hospitals? A) By saying that they heard voices saying words. B) By telling the whole truth about their emotional problems. C) By telling lies about their occupations and names. D) By imitating schizophrenic behavior.
