ELEMENTS OF MANAGEMENT
Elements of management includes all managerial
activities from setting objectives to taking essential
steps to achieve organizational goals • These
functions are essential to create a better working
environment • The major functions of management
are as follows:
A. Planning
B. Organizing
C. Staffing
D. Directing
E. Controlling
1. PLANNING • Process of deciding in advance what
is to be done and intellectual course of action to be
taken to achieve predetermined goals in time.
Primary function of management involves selecting
objectives, policies, procedures and programs to
achieve a desired result. Minimizes uncertainties
and risk • Preparing work schedules and budget
2. ORGANIZING • Process of identification of major
activities, grouping them into units, assignment of
work to staff and delegation of authority. Concerned
with developing the structure and framework and
arranging required resources to targeted activities.
Resources include human, financial, physical and
information.
3. STAFFING • Process of determination of manpower
and recruitment, selection, appointment and
placement of right employee to the right job. Staffing
is the life-blood of enterprise which mobilizes
resources to achieve goals. Determining the size of
manpower at different levels. Organizing seminars
and training to develop employees skill’s.
Remuneration according to their skill & ability
4. DIRECTING • Complex function that includes all
those activities which are designed to encourage a
subordinate to work effectively and efficiently. It is
instrument to develop a better working environment
in organization. The direction function of
management includes: 1. Supervision - Refers to the
direct and immediate guidance at assigned works
which is continuous 2. Motivation – process of
simulating subordinates to achieve predetermined
goals, based on need and human behavior, motivate
through financial and non-financial support 3.
Leadership – Ability to persuade others to work
willingly to achieve desired goal, a person is said to
be a leader when he is able to guide, give
suggestion which are accepted by employees, then
a manager is said to be leader of the organization
5. Communication – Process of exchanging ideas and
information from one to another, it is effective when
message is clear, is essential in every successful
operation, important on various management levels
6. Coordination – Process of integrating all the units
and departments of an organization to achieve
desired goals, different departments and people
perform different functions, but activities of
departments are interrelated , necessary to bring
uniformity in action to achieve organizational goals.
7. CONTROLLING • Process of comparing actual
performance achieved with that of planned
performance and taking corrective action if any
problem is there in actual performance so that
defined goals can be achieved in defined time. It is
main instrument with which uniformity in action is
less maintained. Thus, it is necessary to have a
good controlling system for achieving results
according to the plan.