Charlene T. Trilles,LPT
CHAPTER 1:
Dimensions of Ethics
and
Moral Behavior
What is Ethics?
ETHICS
Greek word “Ethicos”, or that
which pertains to ethos
English translation - “custom”
or “character”
Ethicsphilosophical
science that deals with the
morality
of
human
conduct or human acts.
WHAT IS MORALITY OF HUMAN
CONDUCT?
It is a combined representation of
– Values , policies and character
" Makataong
kilos"
• Ang human act ay tinatawag na
"makataong kilos" sa wikang
Filipino.
2. Ang human act ay anumang kilos ng
tao na kailangang gamitan ng pagiisip, pagdedesisyon, kalayaan at
pagkukusa.
3. Ang human act ay maaaring mabuti o
masama.
Dahil dito, nauugnay ang konsepto ng
pananagutan at responsibilidad kapag
pinag-uusapan ang human act.
-It is considered as the backbone of human
existence
-Without ethics, there will be a total
collapse of the whole human person and
the entire human society
Ethics is absolute and immutable
there is only one moral law. But, the
problem is that the moral law is
translated by so many charismatic
thinkers – most of who are
philosophers and theologians.
-There is a hedonism, pessimism,
situationism, utilitarianism,
evolutionism, existentialism, Kantianism,
and the rest of the Western ethical
theories.
-There is ethics in Hinduism, Buddhism,
Taoism, Islam, Confucianism, Zen
Buddhism
We still cannot say that
contemporary man is
harmoniously attuned to the
immutable and absolute Natural
Moral Law.
Why do we want to be
moral?
Immanuel Kant-It is man's rational duty
Mill and Bentham-Pleasure and hapiness
Fletcher-It depends upon the situation
Kolhberg-Fear of punishment
Ralph Perry-Every human person is a
creature of values
Beauchamp-As a member of a society he
adopts a moral way of life.
Lao-tzu and confucius- man deepest
pleading to be in harmony with nature
Socrates/Plato/Aristotle-Hapiness
Hindu- because of man's karma with
brahman
Augustine and Aquinas-Because there
is God
Mohammed- because of Allah
What if there's no God?
Can't we become moral?
" Friedrich Nietzsche, God
has nothing to do with man's
quest for goodness. Man
could do good even without
God"
• We want to be moral to be moral because
we want to win the good opinion or
impression of others concerning our self
image
2. We want to be moral because we want to
refrain from troubles,or consequently,
punishment, which could result from
immorality
3. We want to be moral
because we are person, person
who exist in the collectivity of
persons.
Man's realistic desire to be good
is caused by a great deal of his
obsession concern with public
relations
HISTORY OF ETHICS
The known history of pure ethics
or ethics (moral) theories begin
with ancient Greek philosophers
and after recovered by early
English positivists
CHAPTER 2:
FOUNDATION OF MORAL VALUATION
L2: Terminology used in the topics and
its basic definition and application
DESCRIPTIVE/SPECULATIVE – is a
discipline in philosophy that posits
the question: “What is the nature
(essence and substance) of reality?
Example: Metaphysics –
philosophical science of human
beings)
· NORMATIVE – is a discipline in
philosophy that posits the question:
“What is good and what is bad?” or
“What is right or wrong action?”
Example: Ethics or Moral Philosophy
· PRACTICAL – is a discipline in
philosophy which reflects upon truth
in relation to action.
Example: Logic - reasoning conducted
or assessed according to strict
principles of validity.
· CRITICAL – is a discipline in
philosophy that posits the question:
“What is truth?”
Example: Epistemology - the theory of
knowledge, especially with regard to
its methods, validity, and scope.
Epistemology is the investigation of
what distinguishes justified belief
from opinion.
-Ethics is a science (normative
science) because it systematically
establishes standards or norms of
human conduct.
- it requires man to act properly as a
human being.
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