INTRODUCTION TO SQL AND ITS CONCEPTS PRACTICE
QUESTIONS
STATE TRUE OR FALSE
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SQL is a programming language.
Unique is used to eliminate the duplicate rows from the
output in SQL query.
Delete command deletes the table structure and Drop
command deletes the data from a SQL Table .
Null (unavailable and unknown) values are entered by the
following command:
INSERT INTO TABLE_NAME VALUES (“NULL”);
Foreign key column derives its value from the primary key
of the parent table.
ALTER TABLE command is used to modify the structure of
the table.
DML commands are used to define a database, including
creating, altering, and dropping tables and establishing
constraints.
Unique and Primary key constraints are the same.
NOT NULL is a constraint that can be defined only at the
column level.
DDL is similar to a computer programming language for
defining data structures, especially database schemas.
The condition in a WHERE clause in a SELECT query can
refer to only one value.
The rows of the result relation produced by a SELECT
statement can besorted but only by one column.
The WHERE clause is used to specify filtering conditions
for groups.
The SQL statement: SELECT salary + Comm AS Total
FROM Emp; adds two fields salary and comm from each
row together and lists theresults in a column named Total.
The BETWEEN operator includes both begin and end
values.
Logical operators and Relational operators cannot be used
together.
Update and delete statements are DDL statements.
19. When multiple operators are used in a SQL Query, low
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precedence operators are evaluated in last.
A user may specify two or more columns as using the
SELECT – DISTINCT clause
MIN and MAX can only be used with numeric columns.
The SQL keyword GROUP BY instructs the DBMS to group
together those rows that have the same value in a column
SUM () function is used to count the total number of
records in a table
COUNT () function ignores null values while counting the
records.
COUNT(*) function ignore duplicates and null values while
counting the records.
MAX() function returns an integer field.
You can combine all the records that have identical values
in a particular field on a group of fields by using ORDER
BY statement.
To filter the conditions for groups, WHERE clause is used.
Group functions can be applied on any data typesi.e
numeric, data, string.
Any attribute which is present in the having clause without
being aggregated must not be present in the group by
clause.
We can rename the resulting attribute after the aggregation
function has been applied.
To avoid a Cartesian product, always include a valid join
condition in a WHERE clause.
Understanding the primary and foreign key relationship is
not important to join on the correct columns.
COUNT(Fieldname) tallies only those rows that contain a
value; it ignores all null values.
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ASSERTION & REASONING
A Primary Key is used to uniquely identify a
record in a relation.
R: A Primary Key cannot have duplicate value.
A: Single row functions work with a single row.
R: A single row function returns aggregated value.
A: All the candidate keys are Primary Key.
R: Primary Key is used to uniquely identify a
record in a relation.
A: Foreign Key is not used to uniquely identify a
record in relation.
R: Foreign key can take NULL values
A: NULL is Special value that is stored when actual data
value is unknown for an attribute.
R: Foreign key can take NULL values
A: Each attribute in a relation has a unique name.
R: Sequence of attributes in a relation is immaterial.
A:
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A: Select Avg(charges) from Hospital; Output: 166.666667
R: Avg() includes NULL values.
A: A unique key cannot serve the purpose of a
Primary Key
R: A unique key attribute can hold null value
A: Update is a DDL command.
R: DDL commands are used for defining the schema of the
database.
A: Create cs database;
R: Create database database_name help us to create
database.
A: Delete is DML command
R: Delete command deletes the table from a database
A: Float datatype cannot be used for storing names
R: Char(n) datatype can be used for storing names
A: Drop is not a DML command
R: Drop is a TCL command
A: Data definition language. Consists of commands
used to modify the metadata of a table. For
Example- create table, alter table, drop table.
R:
Data
manipulation
language.
Consist
of
commands used to modify the data of a table.
For Example-insert, delete, update.
15. A: Suppose there are suppliers from 30 different cities.
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A person wants to list only those records of supplier
table who belongs to 'Goa', 'Chennai'
R: IN operator used in SQL queries to specify the list of |
values for searching.
A: DELETE is a DML command and used when we want
to remove some or all the tuples from a relation.
R: DROP is a DDL command which removes the
named elements of the schema like relations,
domains or constraints and you can also remove
an entire schema using DROP command.
A: ALTER TABLE table_name ADD column_name datatype.
R: Alter table help us to modify the data values of a
given table.
A: DELETE FROM relation_nameWHERE condition.
R: DELETE is a DML command and used when we want to
remove some or all the tuples from a relation.
A: Between operators produces a result set based on
expression within a range.
R: An expression can be written using >= and <= operators
equivalent to Between Operator
A: All candidate keys can be used as a primary
key.
R: We can use more than one candidate key as
a primary key
A: Delete, Drop and Truncate are examples of DDL
Commands.
R: DELETE operations can be rolled back (undone), While
DROP and TRUNCATE operations cannot be rolled
back.
A: The keyword DISTINCT is used with SELECT command.
R: DISTINCT keyword eliminates duplicate rows
A: The LIKE is a Logical operator in SQL is used to search
for character string with the specified pattern using
wildcards in a column.
R: There are three wildcards (%), (_) and (#) used in SQL.
24. A: Cardinality of the resultant table of Cartesian Product of
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two tables will be the product of the cardinalities of
these two tables.
R: Cartesian product generates all possible combination of
two tables
A: Count(*) and Count(Column Name) returns same
outputs.
R: Null values are not counted by Count()
A: Select Dept, count(*) from hospital group by Dept where
count(*)>1; Output: Error
R: Exactly one patient admitted in each Dept.
A: Select Max(Name) from hospital; Output: Error
R: Max( ) can only be used with numeric columns
A: SQL does not permit distinct with count(*)
R: SQL does not permit distinct with count(*) but the use
of distinct is allowed with max and min
A: GROUP BY clause and ORDER BY clause are different.
R: GROUP BY clause used for grouping of data and
ORDER BY clause used for sorting of data.
A: Distinct Clause is used to eliminate duplicate values
from a result set based on a SQL Query.
R: The SQL ORDER BY clause can be used with the
DISTINCT clause for sorting the results after removing
duplicate values.
A: Delete command is used to remove rows or records from
table.
R: This command is used to remove records along with
structure of the table from database
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In SQL, the aggregate function Avg() calculates the
average value on a set of values and produce a single
result.
R: The aggregate functions are used to perform some
fundamental arithmetic tasks such as Min(),Max(),
Sum() etc…
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OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS (MCQ)
A relational database consists of a collection of
(a) Tables(b) Fields(c) Records(d) Keys
Which one of the following is commonly used to define the
overall design of the database?
(a) Application program (b) Data definition language
(c) Schema
(d) Source code
What is the degree and cardinality of a SQL table?
(a)Number of columns and Number of rows
(b) Number of rows and Number of columns
(c) Number of keys and Number of constraints
(d)None
_____key is used to join two relations in RDBMS?
(a)Primary Key
(b) Candidate Key
(c) Foreign Key
(d)Unique Key
An attribute in a relation is a foreign key if it is the _____
key in any other relation.
(a) Candidate (b) Primary (c) Super (d) Sub
The term _________ is used to refer to a record in a table.
(a) Attribute (b) Tuple (c) Field (d) Instance
Which of the following will remove the primary key from
MySQL table?
(a) remove
(b) alter
(c) drop
(d) update
A/An ____________ in a table represents a logical
relationship among a set ofvalues.
(A) Attribute(B) Key(C) Tuple(D) Entry
The term _________ is used to refer to a record in a table.
(A) Attribute(B) Tuple(C) Field(D) Instance
Which of the following attributes cannot be considered as a
choice for primarykey?
(a) Id(b) License Number(c) Dept_Id(d) Street
Consider the table with structure as :
Student (ID, name, dept_name, tot_cred)
In the above table, which attribute will form the primary
key?
(a) Name (b) Dept(c) Total_credits(d) ID
The term ____________ is used to refer to a field in a table.
(a)Attribute
(b) Tuple (c) Row (d)Instance
For what purpose the DML is provided?
(a) Addition of new structure in the database
(b) Manipulation & processing of the database
(c) Definition of the physical structure of the database
system
(d) All of the above
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Which of the following data type will be suitable for
storing the name of students?
(a) int
(b) varchar(n)
(c) char(d) None of the above
Consider the following table description of a table study.
Which of the following is false based on this description?
(a) The values of the roll column will never be repeated.
(b) The mark column will always take a value equal to 10.
(c) Name column may take NULL values.
(d) The roll column will never take NULL values.
What is the format used for storing date using date
datatype?
(a) dd-mm-yy
(b) dd-mm-yyyy
(c) mm-dd-yyyy
(d) yyyy-mm-dd
Consider the following tables and their respective degree
and cardinalities in a database called SCHOOL:
Select the degree and cardinality of the Cartesian product
of the tables STUDENT X TEACHER from the following
options:
(a) 30 7500 (b) 200 325 (c) 30 325 (d) 200 7500
Which of the following constraints can be used if we don‟t
want user to leave the field blank while inserting data?
(a) “NULL” (b)not null (c) “Unassigned” (d) unique key
Which of the following data type will be the best choice for
storing price of anytime?
(a) string
(b) int
(c) date
(d) float
Which is not a constraint in SQL?
(a)Unique (b) Distinct
(c) Primary key (d) Check
The term "SQL" stands for
(a) Standard query language
(b) Sequential query language
(c) Structured query language
(d) Server-side query language
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.............. Command helps to fetch data from relation.
(a)Use
(b) Show
(c) Fetch
(d)Select
.................. Command helps to open the database for
use.
(a)Use
(b) Open
(c) Distinct (d)Select
Which is the subset of SQL commands used to
manipulate database structure including tables?
(a) DDL (b) DML (c) Both (a) and (b) (d) None
Which of the following is NOT a DML command?
(a) SELECT
(b) DELETE (c) UPDATE (d) DROP
Which of the following sublanguages of SQL is used to
define the structure of the relation, deleting relations and
relating schemas?
(a) DDL (b) DML
(c) Query (d) Relational Databases
Which of the following is/are the DDL statements?
(a) Create
(b) Drop (c) Alter
(d) All of these
Which command we use to create a database in MySQL.
(a) Select database from MySQL;
(b) Create database databasename;
(c) Use databasename;
(d) Update database;
Sonia wants to see all the databases are available in her
MySQL software. Which command is useful for her?
(a) Show databases;
(b) Show database;
(c) Show tables
(d) Show database_name;
Goni wants to do some work with her database. She is
confused about how to write commands to use the
required database. Choose correct option
(a) Required database;
(b) Use database;
(c) Use <databasename>;
(d) Required <databasename>
To show all the tables of a given database what will be the
command?
(a) Use database_name; shows tables;
(b) Use database_name; show tables;
(c) Required database; show tables;
(d) Required database; shows tables;
Consider the following SQL statement. What type of
statement is this?
CREATE TABLE employee (name VARCHAR, id
INTEGER)
(a) DML (b) DDL (c) DCL (d) Integrity constraint
In the given query which keyword has to be inserted?
INSERT INTO employee______(1002, “Kausar”, 2000);
(a) Table(b) Values(c) Relation(d) Field
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Which command shows the table structure of table emp?
(a) Select * from emp;
(b) Show all from emp;
(c) Desc emp;
(d) Des emp;
An attribute A of datatype varchar(20) has the value
"Keshav". The attribute of B data type char(20) has value
"Monisha". How many characters are occupied in
attribute A and attribute B?
(a) 20,7 (b) 7,20 (c) 9,6 (d) 6,9
The SQL keyword(s) ________ is used with wildcards.
(a) LIKE only
(b) IN only
(c) NOT IN only
(d) IN and NOT IN
If column “Marks” contains the data set {25, 35, 25, 35,
38}, what will be the output after the execution of the
given query?
SELECT MARKS (DISTINCT) FROM STUDENTS;
(a) 25, 35, 25, 35, 38
(b) 25, 25, 35, 35
(c) 25, 35, 38
(d) 25, 25, 35, 35
Which of the following is true about the SQL AS clause?
(a) The AS clause in SQL is used to change the column
name in the output or assign a name to a derived
column.
(b) The SQL AS clause can only be used with the JOIN
clause.
(c) The AS clause in SQL is used to defines a search
condition.
(d) All of the mentioned
The __________clause of SELECT query allows us to select
only those rows in the results that satisfy a specified
condition.
(a)Where (b) from
(c) having (d)like
Which of the following is not a SQL Logical Operator?
(a) = (b) and (c) or (d) not
This SQL query selects _______?
SELECT name FROM Emp WHERE salary IS NOT
NULL;
(a) Tuple with null values (b) Tuples with no null values
(c) Tuples with any salary (d) All of the above
To delete a database _________________command is used
(a) Delete database database_name
(b) Delete database_name
(c) Drop database database_name
(d) Drop database_name
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Which of the following is using wrongsyntax for a
SELECT query in SQL?
(a) SELECT * WHERE RNO>100 FROM STU;
(b) SELECT * FROM STU WHERE RNO>100;
(c) SELECT * FROM STU WHERE RNO BETWEEN 100
AND 200;
(d) SELECT * FROM STUDENT WHERE RNO IN(100,101);
Which operator is used to compare a value to a specified
list of values?
(a) Between
(b) All
(c) In
(d) None of the above
What will be the order of the data being sorted after the
execution of given query
SELECT * FROM STUDENT ORDER BY ROLL_NO;
(a)Custom Sort
(b) Descending
(c) Ascending
(d) None of the above
(a) In an SQL table, if the primary key is combination of
more than one field, then it is called as _____.
(b) _________ command is used to make an existing
column as a primary key.
Identify the correct command SQL query which is
expected to delete all rows of a table TEMP without
deleting its structure?
(a) DELETE TABLE TEMP;
(b) DROP TABLE TEMP;
(c) REMOVE TABLE TEMP;
(d) DELETE FROM TEMP;
Consider the following SQL statement. What type of
statement is this? SELECT * FROM Employee ;
(a) DML (b) DDL (c) DCL (d) Integrity Constraint
The data types CHAR (n) and VARCHAR (n) are used to
create ____and _____ length types of string/text fields in a
database.
(a) Fixed, Equal
(b) Equal, Variable
(c) Fixed, Variable
(d) Variable, Equal
The pattern „- – – ‟ matches any string of ________ three
character. „- – – %‟ matches any string of ____ three
characters.
(a) Atleast, Exactly
(b) Exactly, Atleast
(c) Atleast, All
(d) All, Exactly
Which of the following will display information about all
the employee table, whose names contains second letter
as "A"?
(a) SELECT * FROM EMP WHERE NAME LIKE "_A%";
(b) SELECT * FROM EMP WHERE NAME LIKE "%A_";
(c) SELECT * FROM EMP WHERE NAME LIKE "_ _A%";
(d) SELECT * FROM EMP WHERE NAME="A%"
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Which of the following SQL command will help in
incrementing values of FEES column in STUDENT table
by 10%?
(a) UPDATE STUDENT ASSIGN FEES=FEES*1.1;
(b) UPDATE STUDENT SET FEES=FEES*1.1;
(c) UPDATE STUDENT SET FEES=FEES*10%;
(d) UPDATE STUDENT SET FEES 10%;
When the wildcard in a WHERE clause is useful?
(a) When an exact match is required in a SELECT
statement.
(b) When an exact match is not possible in a SELECT
statement.
(c) When an exact match is required in a CREATE
statement.
(d) When an exact match is not possible in a CREATE
statement
Which command is used to change the definition of a
table in SQL?
(a) create
(b) update
(c) alter
(d) delete
ALTER, UPDATE, DELETE,DROP
____command is used to add a new column in a table in
SQL.
(a) update
(b) remove
(c) alter (d)drop
What does the following query do?
UPDATE EMPLOYEE SET SALARY=SALARY * 1.10;
(a) It increases the salary of all the employees by 10%
(b) It decreases the salary of all the employees by 10%
(c) It increases the salary of all the employees by 110%
(d) It is syntactically correct.
Which of the following functions are not performed by the
“ALTER” clause?
(a) Change the name of the table
(b) Change the name of the column
(c) Drop a column
(d) All of the mentioned
Which command to use in order to delete the data inside
the table, and not the table itself:
(a) DELETE
(b) TRUNCATE
(c) Both TRUNCATE & DELETE (d) DROP
Choose the correct command to delete an attribute A from
a relation R.
(a) ALTER TABLE R DELETE A
(b) ALTER TABLE R DROP A
(c) ALTER TABLE DROP A FROM R
(d) DELETE A FROM R
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In MYSQL state the commands used to delete a row and a
column respectively
(a) DELETE,DROP
(b) DROP,DELETE
(c) DELETE,ALTER
(d) ALTER,DROP
Consider the following SQL statement. What type is this ?
DROP TABLE items;
(a) DML
(b) DDL (c) DCL (d) TCL
AGGREGATE FUNCTIONS
Aggregate functions are example of __________?
(a) Single row
(b) Multi row
(c) Both (a) & (b)
(d) None of these
How many types of Aggregate functions are available in
SQL?
(a) 2
(b) 3
(c) 5
(d) 6
Select the correct statement, with reference to SQL:
(a) Aggregate functions ignore NULL
(b) Aggregate functions consider NULL as zero or False
(c) Aggregate functions treat NULL as a blank string
(d) NULL can be written as 'NULL' also.
Which of the following is a SQL aggregate function?
(a) LEFT
(b) AVG
(c) JOIN
(d) LEN
Which of the following group functions ignore NULL
values?
(a) MAX
(b) COUNT
(c) SUM
(d) All of the above
Which of the following function is used to FIND the
largest value from the given data in MYSQL?
(a) MAX() (b) MAXIMUM() (c) LARGEST() (d) BIG()
What values does the count(*) function ignore?
(a) Repetitive values
(b) Null values
(c) Characters
(d) None of the above
If column “Salary” contains the data set {1000, 15000,
25000, 10000, 15000}, what will be theoutput after the
execution of the given query?
SELECT SUM(DISTINCT SALARY) FROM EMPLOYEE;
(a)75000 (b) 25000 (c) 10000 (d) 50000
With SQL, how can you return the number of not null
record in the Project field of “Students” table?
a) SELECT COUNT (Project) FROM Students
b) SELECT COLUMNS (Project) FROM Students
c) SELECT COLUMNS (*) FROM Students
d) SELECT COUNT (*) FROM Students
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Find the output of the MySQL query based on the given
Table – COACH:
Query:
SELECT COUNT(GAME),AVG(SALARY) FROM COACH;
(a) 3 70000 (b) 4 35000 (c) 4 70000 (d) 3 35000
Which of the following set of functions is a valid set of
aggregated functions in MySQL?
(a) AVG(),ROUND(),COUNT() (b) MIN(),UPPER(),AVG()
(c) COUNT(),MAX(),SUM()
(d) DATE(),COUNT(),LTRIM()
Aggregate functions can be used in the select list or the
_____ clause of a select statement. They cannot be used in
a ______ clause.
(a) Where, having
(b) Having, where
(c) Group by, having
(d) Group by, where
ORDER BY, GROUP BY , HAVING
The SELECT statement when combined with clause,
returns records in sorted order.
(a) SORT (b) ARRANGE (c) ORDER BY (d) SEQUENCE
Which of the following is correct sequence in a SELECT
query?
(a) SELECT,FRO,WHERE,GROUP BY, HAVING, ORDER
BY
(b) SELECT,WHERE,FROM,GROUP BY,HAVING,ORDER
BY
(c) SELECT,FROM,WHERE,HAVING,GROUP BY, ORDER
BY
(d) SELECT,FROM.WHERE,GROUP BY, ORDER BY,
HAVING
In MYSQL _____ clause applies the condition on every
ROW and ______ clause applies the condition on every
GROUP.
If we have not specified ASC or DESC after a SQL ORDER
BY clause, the following is used by default
(a) DESC
(b) ASC
(c) There is no default value (d) None of the mentioned
SQL applies conditions on the groups through ____ clause
after groups have been formed.
(a) Group by (b) With (c) Where (d) Having
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For Given table "EMP" with following columns:
Eno, Ename, Sal, Dept, Designation
Select correct statement to display all records of "EMP" in
descending order of Ename and within ascending order
of Dept.
(a) SELECT * FROM EMP ORDER BY ENAME,DEPT
DESC;
(b) SELECT * FROM EMP ORDER BY ENAME, ORDER
BY DEPT DESC;
(c) SELECT * FROM EMP ORDER BY ENAME
DESC,DEPT;
(d) SELECT * FROM EMP WHERE ORDER BY
ENAME,DEPT DESC;
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Consider the following query
Select * from employee order by salary ____, name
_______ ;
To display the salary from greater to smaller and name in
alphabetical order which of the following option should be
used?
(a) ascending, descending
(b) asc,desc
(c) desc,asc
(d) Descending,Ascending
Which of the following will be the correct SQL command
to add a new column FEES in a table TEACHER?
(a) ALTER TABLE TEACHER ADD COLUMN FEES FLOAT;
(b) ADD COLUMN FEES FLOAT INTO TEACHER;
(c) UPDATE TEACHER ADD COLUMN FEES FLOAT;
(d) INSERT INTO TEACHER ADD COLUMN FEES FLOAT;
Find the output of
the MySQL query
based on the given
Table – STUDENT
SELECT SEC,AVG(MARKS) FROM STUDENT GROUP BY
SEC HAVING MIN(MARKS)>80;
(a) B
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(b) A
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(c) A
84
(d) A 83
B
83
B 80
Integers What is the meaning of “HAVING” clause in
SELECT query?
(a) To filter out the summary groups
(b) To filter out the column groups
(c) To filter out the row and column values
(d) None of the above
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Select correct SQL query from below to find the
temperature in increasing order of all cites.
(a) SELECT city FROM weather ORDER BY temperature;
(b) SELECT city, temperature FROM weather;
(c) SELECT city, temperature FROM weather ORDER BY
temperature;
(d) SELECT city, temperature FROM weather ORDER BY
city;
The HAVING clause does which of the following?
(a) Acts EXACTLY like a where clause
(b) Acts like a WHERE clause but is used for columns
rather than groups.
(c) Acts like a WHERE clause but is used for group rather
than rows.
(d) Acts like a WHERE clause but is used for rows rather
than columns.
Which SQL statement do we use to find out the total
number of records present in the table ORDERS?
(a) SELECT * FROM ORDERS;
(b) SELECT COUNT (*) FROM ORDERS;
(c) SELECT FIND (*) FROM ORDERS;
(d) SELECT SUM () FROM ORDERS;
JOINS
Which join is equivalent to Cartesian Product?
(a) INNER JOIN
(b) OUTER JOIN
(c) CROSS JOIN
(d) NATURAL JOIN
How many tables may be included with a join?
(a) One (b) Two (c) Three (d) All of the Mentioned
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(a) Outer Join
(b) Inner Join
(c) Self Join
(d) Right Outer Join
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The following SQL is which type of Join?
SELECT * FROM FACULTY,STUDENT;
(a) Equi Join
(b) Natural Join
(c) Cartesian Product
(d) Both (a) & (b)
The following SQL command is which type of join:
SELECT
customer,
cust_id,order,cust_id,
name,
order_id FROM customer, order;
(a) Equi-join
(b) Natural join
(c) Outer join
(d) Cartesian product
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Select the correct query/queries for cross join:
(a)Select * FROM Table1 T1 NATURAL JOIN Table1 T2;
(b)Select * FROM Table1 T1 ALL CROSS JOIN Table1 T2;
(c)Select * FROM Table1 T1,Table1 T2;
(d)Select * FROM Table1 T1 CROSS Table1 T2;
Consider the following tables in a database Called
SPORTS:
Which is the best command from the following options to
display the name of the player(PNAME) and their
respective games(GNAME)
(a) SELECT PNAME,G1D FROM PLAYERS;
(b) SELECT PNAME,GNAME FROM GAMES,PLAYERS
WHERE GAMES.G1D=PLAYERS.G1D;
(c) SELECT PNAME,GNAME FROM GAMES,PLAYERS;
(d) SELECT PNAME,GNAME FROM GAMES,PLAYERS
WHERE P.G1D=G.G1D;
The following SQL is which type of join?
SELECT CUS_T. CUS_ID, ORDER_T. CUS_ID,NAME,
ORDER_ID FROM CUS_T,ORDER_T WHERE
CUS_T. CUS_ID = ORDER_T. CUS_ID;
(a) Equi-join
(b) Natural join
(c) Outer join
(d) Cartesian join
Choose the correct option regarding the query:
SELECT branch_name, COUNT (DISTINCT cust_name)
FROM deposit, account WHERE deposit.acc_no =
account.acc_no GROUP BY branch_id HAVING avg(bal) =
10000;
(a) The having clause checks whether the query result is
true or not
(b) The having clause does not check for any condition
(c) The having clause allows only those tuples that have
average balance 10000.
(d) None of the mentioned.
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2 MARKS
Differentiate between DDL and DML.
a. Give three examples of DDL & DML commands?
b. What is the referential integrity constraint?
Write the main difference between INSERT and UPDATE
Commands in SQL.
What is the similarity and difference between UNIQUE and
PRIMARY KEY constraints?
How is HAVING clause similar to WHERE clause? How is
HAVING clause different from WHERE clause? Explain
with the help of examples of each.
What are aggregate functions in MySql? Give their names
along with their use.
Name the aggregate functions which work only with
numeric data, and those that work with any type of data
Differentiate between a Check and Default constraint in
SQL with appropriate example.
Give one difference between ROLLBACK and COMMIT
commands used in MySql.
What is the purpose of BETWEEN clause?
Differentiate between equi join and cross join function in
SQL with a example.
Categorize the folowing commands as DML or TCL
COMMIT ,UPDATE , DELETE ,SAVE POINT
What is a not null constraint in SQL? Give example to
illustrate.
Differentiate between DROP and DELETE commands in
SQL with appropriate example.
What is the use of order by clause in SQL? Give example.
What is the difference between Equi join and Natural join?
Give an Example.
(a)What is the difference between column constraint and
table constraint? Give an example.
(b) What is the difference between LIKE and IN operator in
MYSQL. Give an example.
(a)Differentiate between ALTER and UPDATE commands in
SQL.
(b) In the following query how many rows will be deleted?
DELETE Student WHERE StudentID=105;
(Assuming a Student table with primary key StudentID)
(a) Differentiate ORDER BY and GROUP BY with an
example.
(b) Classify the following statements into DDL and DML
a) delete b) drop table c) update d) create table
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
1.
What is the difference between CHAR and VARCHAR?
Write 2-3 differences.
What is the difference between WHERE and HAVING
Clause? Can we use them together in a query?
Which command is used to remove UNIQUE KEY
constraint from an existing table?
Consider the following two commands with reference to a
table, named Students, having a column named Section:
(a) SELECT COUNT(SECTION) FROM STUDENTS;
(b) SELECT COUNT(*) FROM STUDENTS;
If these two commands are producing different results,
(i) What may be the possible reason?
(ii) Which command, (a) or (b), might be giving higher
value?
Define Cartesian Product with an example.
Write the difference between the following SQL Queries:
(i) ALTER TABLE EMP DROP AGE;
(ii) DROP TABLE EMP;
2 MARKS (OR) 3 MARKS (OR) 4 MARKS
Write the output of the queries (i) to (iv) based on the table,
TECH_COURSE given below:
(i)
SELECT DISTINCT TID FROM TECH_COURSE;
(ii)
SELECT
TID,
TECH_COURSE
COUNT(*),
GROUP
MIN(FEES)
BY
TID
FROM
HAVING
COUNT(TID)>1;
(iii)
SELECT
CNAME
FROM
TECH_COURSE
WHERE
FEES>15000 ORDER BY CNAME;
(iv)
SELECT AVG(FEES) FROM TECH_COURSE WHERE
FEES BETWEEN 15000 AND 17000;
2.
3.
Write the outputs of the SQL queries (i) to (iv) based on the
relations Teacher and Placement given below:
(i) SELECT Department, avg(salary) FROM Teacher GROUP
BY Department;
(ii) SELECT MAX(Date_of_Join),MIN(Date_of_Join) FROM
Teacher;
(iii) SELECT Name, Salary, T.Department, Place FROM
Teacher T, Placement P WHERE T.Department =
P.Department AND Salary>20000;
(iv) SELECT Name, Place FROM Teacher T, Placement P
WHERE Gender =‟F‟ AND T.Department=P.Department;
Write the output of the
queries (a) to (d) based
on the table, Furniture
given below:
(a)
SELECT
SUM(DISCOUNT)
FROM
FURNITURE
WHERE COST>15000;
(b) SELECT MAX(DATEOFPURCHASE) FROM
FURNITURE;
(c) SELECT * FROM FURNITURE
WHERE DISCOUNT>5
AND FID LIKE "T%";
(d) SELECT DATEOFPURCHASE FROM FURNITURE
WHERE NAME IN ("Dining Table", "Console Table");
4.
5.
Write queries (a) to (d) based on the tables EMPLOYEE and
DEPARTMENT given below:
(a) To display the average salary of all employees,
department wise.
(b) To display name and respective department name of
each employee whose salary is more than 50000.
(c) To display the names of employees whose salary is not
known, in alphabetical order.
(d) To display DEPTID from the table EMPLOYEE without
repetition.
Consider the following two tables:
What will be the degree and cardinality of the Cartesian
product and the Natural join of these tables?
6.
7.
Write the SQL Queries for (i) to (iii) based on the table
EMPLOYEE and DEPARTMENT.
(i) To display department name and number of employees
in each department where no of employees is greater
than one.
(ii) To display department name and sum of the salary
spent by the department, where the total amount spent
by the department as salary is more than 100000.
(iii) To display the name of the employee in descending
order of their seniority.
Write the outputs of the SQL queries (i) to (iv) based on
the relationsTeacher and Placement given below:
(i) SELECT Department, max(salary) FROM Teacher
GROUP BY Department;
(ii) SELECT MAX(Date_of_Join),MIN(Date_of_Join) FROM
8.
Teacher;
(iii) SELECT Name, Salary, T.Department, Place FROM
Teacher T, Placement P WHERE T.Department =
P.Department AND P.Department='History';
(iv) SELECT Name, Place FROM Teacher natural join
Placement where Gender='F';
(a) Consider the following table structure:
Write a SQL query to remove unique constraints from the
table.
(b) Consider the following table:
9.
(i) SELECT SNAME,STREAM FROM XII_A HAVING
STREAM LIKE '%B%';
(ii) SELECT STREAM, COUNT(*) FROM XII_A GROUP BY
STREAM HAVING COUNT(STREAM)<=1;
(iii) SELECT AGE, STREAM FROM XII_A WHERE AGE
BETWEEN 15 AND 15 ORDER BY SNAME;
(iv) SELECT ROLLNO, STREAM FROM XII_A WHERE
STREAM LIKE "P%B" AND STREAM <>"BS";
HARSH AGARWAL has created a table named 'Actor' which
contains a field called Aname.
Write MySQL queries for the followings:
(i) To show all the names of the actors which contain the
string 'ch' in it.
(ii) To display all the names of the actors which contain
exactly 5 characters andalso the second characters is 'o'
(such as Gopal or Mohan).
10.
Consider the following tables FACULTY and STUDENT.
Write the output for the MYSQL statement given below and
state what type of join is implemented.
SELECT * FROM FACULTY,STUDENT
11.
Write
SQL
queries for (i) to
(iv)
12.
(i) Display the Trainer Name, City & Salary in descending
order of their Hiredate.
(ii) To display the TNAME and CITY of Trainer who joined
the Institute in the month of December 2001.
(iii) To display TNAME, HIREDATE, CNAME, STARTDATE
from tables TRAINER and COURSE of all those
courses whose FEES is less than or equal to 10000.
(iv) To display number of Trainers from each city.
Using the above Question‟s table Trainer and Course Write
the output for the following SQL Queries:
(i) SELECT TID, TNAME, FROM TRAINER WHERE CITY
NOT IN(„DELHI‟, „MUMBAI‟);
(ii) SELECT DISTINCT TID FROM COURSE;
(iii) SELECT TID, COUNT(*), MIN(FEES) FROM COURSE
GROUP BY TID HAVING COUNT(*)>1;
(iv) SELECT COUNT(*), SUM(FEES) FROM COURSE
WHERE STARTDATE< „2018-09-15‟;
13.
Consider the following tables GAMES. Give outputs for
SQL queries (i) to (iv).
Table : GAMES
(i)
SELECTCOUNT(DISTINCTNumber)FROMGAMES;
(ii)
SELECT
MAX(ScheduleDate),
MIN(ScheduleDate)
FROM GAMES;
(iii) SELECT SUM(PrizeMoney) FROM GAMES;
(iv) SELECT * FROM GAMES WHERE PrizeMoney>12000;
14.
Write the output of the queries (i) to (vi) based on the table
given below:
(i) Select BRAND_NAME, FLAVOUR from CHIPS where
PRICE <> 10;
(ii) Select * from CHIPS where FLAVOUR=”TOMATO” and
PRICE > 20;
(iii) Select BRAND_NAME from CHIPS where price > 15 and
QUANTITY < 15;
(iv) Select count( distinct (BRAND_NAME)) from CHIPS;
(v) Select price , price *1.5 from CHIPS where FLAVOUR =
"PUDINA";
(vi) Select distinct (BRAND_NAME) from CHIPS order by
BRAND_NAME desc;
15.
16.
Write SQL statements for the q.no (i) to (iv) and output for
(v)
Write the SQL commands for the following :
(i) To show firstname,lastname,address and city of all
employees living in paris
(ii) To display the content of Employees table in descending
order of Firstname.
(iii) To display the firstname,lastname and total salary of all
managers from the tablesEmployee and empsalary ,
where total salary is calculated as salary+benefits.
(iv) To display the maximum salary among managers and
clerks from the table Empsalary.
(v) To display the average salary of Clerk.
(i) Write a Query to insert House_Name=Tulip,
House_Captain= Rajesh andHouse_Point=278 into table
House(House_Name, House_Captain, House_Points)
(ii) Write the output for SQL queries (i) to (iv), which are
based on the table: STUDENTgiven below:
17.
(i) SELECT COUNT(*), City FROM STUDENT GROUP BY
CITY HAVING COUNT(*)>1;
(ii) SELECT MAX(DOB),MIN(DOB) FROM STUDENT;
(iii) SELECT NAME,GENDER FROM STUDENT WHERE
CITY="Delhi";
(iv) SELECT DISTINCT Class FROM STUDENT;
Write the outputs of the SQL queries (i) to (iv) based on the
relations student and sports given below:
(i) SELECT ROLL_NO,AGE,GNAME FROM STUDENT ST,
SPORTS SP WHERE ST.ROLL_NO=SP.ROLL_NO AND
GNAME LIKE „_R%‟;
(ii) SELECT AGE,GENDER FROM STUDENT WHERE DOB
IS NOT NULL AND AGE>15;
(iii) SELECT SNAME,GENDER FROM STUDENT WHERE
AGE NOT IN(12,22);
(iv) SELECT GENDER,AVG(TOTAL) FROM STUDENT
WHERE GENDER IN(„M‟,‟F‟) GROUP BY GENDER;
18.
19.
(i) Display the SurNames, FirstNames and Cities of people
residing in Udhamwara city.
(ii) Display the Person Ids (PID), cities and Pincodes of
persons in descending order of Pincodes.
(iii) Display the First Names and cities of all the females
getting Basic salaries above 40000.
(iv) Display First Names and Basic Salaries of all the
persons whose firstnames starts with "G".
Write
the
output for the
queries (i) to (iv)
based on the
table
given
below:
(i) SELECT MAX(FEES),MIN(FEES) FROM SPORTS;
(ii) SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT SNAME) FROM SPORTS;
(iii) SELECT SNAME,SUM(No_of_Players) FROM SPORTS
GROUP BY SNAME;
(iv)
SELECT AVG(FEES*No_of_Players) FROM SPORTS
WHERE SNAME=”Basket Ball”;
20.
Consider the following tables DOCTOR and SALARY. Write
SQL commands for the following statements.
(i) Display NAME of all doctors who are in "ORTHOPEDIC"
having more than 10 years experience from the table
DOCTOR.
(ii) Display the average salary of all doctors working in
"ENT" department using the DOCTOR and SALARY.
(Salary= Basic + Allowance)
(iii) Display the minimum ALLOWANCE of female doctors.
(iv) Display the highest consultation fee amount for all
male doctors.
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