SELALE
UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF SOCIAL SCIENCE AND HUMANITY
DEPARTEMEMENT OF CIVICS AND ETHICAL STUDIES
An assessment of human right protection and its contribution for
socio-economic well-being of individuals: The case of fitche town
By:-ALIYI ABDI
FICHTE , ETHIOPIA
Table of contents
1
Content
page
Table of content…………………………………………………………………
1. Introduction…………………………………………………………………....
1.1Background of the study……………………………………………………..
1.2 Statement of the problem…………………………………………………..
1.3 Objective of the study …..………………………………………………….
1.3.1 General objective………………..........................................................
1.3.2 Specific objectives………………………………..............................
1.4 Research question ………………………………………………………….
1.5 Significance of the study…………………………………………………..
1.6 Scope of the study…………………………………………………..........
1.7 Limitation of the study…………………………………………………..
1.8 Ethical consideration ……………………………………………….........
1.9 Organization of the study……………………………………..................
CHAPTER TWO
2 LITRATUREVIES
2.1 Meaning and concepts of human right…………………………………
2.2Characteristics of human right ......................................
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2.3 Generation of human right………………………….
2.3.1 First generation right…………………………………………………
2.3.2 Second generation right………………………………………………
2.3.3 Third generation right ……………………………………………………….
2.4 Instrument of human right……………………………………………
2.4.1 The universal declaration of human right………………….
2.4.2 Regional human right system……………………………………
2.4.2.1 European human right…………………………………………..
2.4.2.2 The inter America system ………………………………………
2.4.2.3 The Africa system…………………………………………………
2.5 The development of human right in Ethiopia……………………………….
2.6 Institution that promote human right………………………………………
2.6.1 The role of NGOS in promoting human right…………..……….
2.6.2 The role of mass media in promoting human right……………..
2.6.3 The role of civil society in promoting human right………………
CHAPTER THREE
3. Methodology of the study……………………………………………
3.1 Description of the study area………………………………………
3.2 Research of design………………………………………………………
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3.3 Source of data…………………………………………………
3.4 Data collection instruments ............................
3.4.1
Questionnaire.....................................................
3.4.2
Interview
................................................................
3.5
Sampling
size
procedure………………………………………
and
sampling
3.6 Method of data analaysis………………….…………………..
References………………………………………….
CHAPTER ONE
1. INTRUDACTION
1.1Background of the study
Human rights is special source of inalienable moral entitlement, they belong to all person by virtue
of their humanity irrespective of race, nationally or member of particular social group, human right
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can be define as inalienable, inviolable interdependent and transcendental fundamental right that
every one inherently entitled simply because of he or she is a human being or they are emanates
from human nature (Alamirew, 2005:1). Human rights belong to an individual by virtue of being
human ,as understood today, human right refers to a wide verity of value and capabilities reflecting
the diversity of human circumstance (Yonas ,2009).
The concept of human right protection has got a wide spread formal international recognition or
acceptance as a result of two world war, first world ware and second world ware which had resulted
in loss of many people’s life the reasoning thousands of human rights settlement and shaking of
human rights settlement (ibid). The united nation charters provides that the member state reaffirm
faith in fundamental human rights, and article 1 of the charter states that one of the aim of united
nation is to achieve international cooperation by promoting and encouraging respect for human
rights and fundamental human rights freedom for all without discrimination (ibid). International
human right movement was highly strength when United Nation General Assembly (UNGA adopt
Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR December 10 1948 which was draft, declares as
common standard of achievement for all people and nations on the world (ibid). The declaration
firstly, provides civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights that are entitled for all human
beings. Through gradual process, it has been accepted as the basic norms of human right that
everyone should prompt and protect with its two principal protocols, i.e International, Convenient,
Civil, and Political Right (ICCPR) which provides civil and political rights like that of to life,
liberty and security that are enshrined from article 3(2) of the UDHR charter, and international
convenient, economic, social and cultural right, (ICESCR), which favor economic, social and
cultural rights to participant in cultural life of the community (yonas,2008).
The Africa human right protection system in the protection of human security can be examined in
terms of its contribution of human rights against those conditions that threaten their well-being.
African charter of human right it also relies on instruments such as OAU convention governing
specific aspects of refugee problems in Africa of 1969. The protections envisaged in this system
convention are paramount state importance as various conflicts in African have forced many
people to flee their country and refuge in neigh boring state (Admasu,2012:16).
In Ethiopia human rights provision development historically being in the late 1931 constitution
and the 1955 revised constitution in cooperated the list of human rights but, the rights are subjected
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to limitation, and also the derge constitution incorporate the list of human rights but they were
violated by the military government, and the over thrown of the derge government in 1991, the
current Ethiopia constituent was ratified and call for the protection and recognition of human rights
that violated in the former regimes and it incorporate that were not recognized before. In the current
time the Ethiopia constitution ratified an international convention on the protection of human right
(Demelashe and Simart, 2007).
1.2. Statement of the problem
Human right are essential rights found by the nature for being human and these natural rights are
not violable and neither given or taken by others, these rights are inalienable rights that every
individual as a human being has quality of life and does not district from their human dignity and
person does not abuse or discrimination based on his historical origin, religion, sex and other
condition because these rights are found from nature so those right are not or conferred by men
voluntary action (Goodin, 1997).
But human rights are violated by individuals undemocratic government and different groups and
the violation are physically, psychological punishment those are the case of economic crisis lose
of individual life and low living standard that unable to fulfill their basic needs like food, cloth,
shelter and poverty expands on the other way injustice the dismissal from work and a low pay for
workers as well as unlimited working hours are also human right violation. So the researcher wants
to study how to protect human right, what are the challenges of human right protections and the
challenges of human right protection in the absence of democratic government, weak human right
institutions and less understanding of the people about human rights. Human rights are protected
by improving human right institution, to create awareness and build human right culture within
the society.
1.3 Objective of the Study
1.3.1 General objective
The general objective of the study is to assess the role of human right protection and its
contribution for enhancing socio economic wellbeing of the individuals.
1.3.2 Specific objective
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 To explore the importance of human right protection for enhancing socio economic
wellbeing of individual.
 To assess measures that can ensure socio economic rights of individuals.
 To assess factors that can make the violation of human rights.
 The role of government is to secured of human right protection .
1.4. Research Questions
 How human right protection can be crucial for socio economic well being of the
individuals?
 How can we ensure the socio economic rights of individuals?
 What are the factors that lead to violation of human rights?
 What is the role of government in the human rights protection?
1.5 Significance of the study
The following points are the major significance of the study.

It creates awareness to everybody to develop positive attitude towards human rights and
human dignity.

The finding also increase the perception of every one about human rights and restrict
themselves from the violation of others dignity.

The study also enable individual group to struggle for their right.

It also vitas others for their study on the issue.
1.6 Limitation of the study
Limitation refers to the challenges or obstacles that would face during conducting the proposal
study. The following limitations were faced the research enduring conducting the proposal
study.
•
Time constraint due to workload to perform other academic subjects with the research
study
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•
Financial constraints to collect relevant material and information from different
sources.
•
Lack of willingness of respondent to gain reliable information
•
Lack of experience of researcher how to do research
1.7 The Scope of the study
The scope of the study was limited in Adama town that selected the study Adama town as a case
study to assess the role of human right protection and its contra but for socio - economic wellbeing
of individuals. The reason for the study was limited Adama town because of shortage of money
and time.
1.8. Ethical consideration
The study was conducted with consideration the rule and regulation the university of the basic
norms of the researcher. The study was conducted for academic purposes data would be
gathered from respondents by owing respect them and by asking them then willingness. Those
include asking respondents’ permission before you begin to collect your data, having and
showing formal letters from the concern institution, keeping secrets, annoying respondents as
know edging and others.
1.9 Organization of the study
This study has three chapter. The first chapter deals with introduction which includes background
of the study, statement of the problem, objective, research question, significance of the study,
scope, limitation, as well as organization of the study, in the second chapter, conceptual and
analytical frameworks of the research was presented through reviewing related literature.
Methodology of the study is presented in chapter three. would present the conclusion and the
recommendation of the paper.
CHAPTER TWO
2. LITRATURE REVIEW
2.1 Meaning and Concepts of Human right
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Human rights and freedoms are inviolable and inalienable and guarantees should be respected
these right include life liberty security of person prohibition of in human treatment of the right to
human dignity and reputation
( asegedew,2006) the human right idea declared that every
individual has legitimate claim up on his her own society for certain freedom and these right in
corporate civil and political right like the right to life, physical integrity, freedom from torture,
slavery, and arbitrary detention and also freedom of conscience, religion and on the other hand
human rights comprises economic and social rightness right associated with right to work, to eat
oaten healthy care education and adequate living standard (glenn,1999).
Human rights also those rights that are attached to individual by the virtue of their person hood
and more recently by the virtue of human membership. The end of 18 century saw the proclamation
of the right of man and citizens the America declaration of independence the united state
constitution and the bill of right all these document speck of in alienable right of man and declare
that government are instituted to institute to secure such thing a life liberty and pursuit of happiness
and states that if men born free and remain free and equal rights such as their right to liberty
property security and resistance to oppression (Abiyou, 2007)
Human right is given by the nature as for being human and these natural right are not violated and
neither given or taken by others, that every individual as a human being has quality of life and
does not district from their human dignity and person does not abuse or discrimination based on
his historical origin, religion, sex, and other condition because these rights are found from nature
so those right are not or conferred by men voluntary action (good in, 1997). These rights need
national protection by the rule of law and absence of social and political violence in effective law
enforcement mechanism and impartial judiciary system and non discrimination story from of
governance and equitable distribution of resource. The diversity of ecological Religion and cultural
tradition state must founded on the principle that everyone has the right to security and freedom
security from persecution, discrimination and poverty(UNHCR,1999)and also human rights are
those minimal rights which every individual must have against the state or public by the virtue of
his being as a member of human family irrespective of any consideration concept of human right
is old as ancient doctrine of natural right, the expression of human right is recent origin emerging
from the post world war second international charter and convention (Durgadas and Basu, 2003
2.2 Characteristics of human right
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The following are basic characteristics of human right such as
 Fundamental -Human right are fundamental right because without them, the life and
dignity of man will be meaningless.
 Inalienable-Human right cannot be taken away no one has the right to deprive another
person of them for any reason. Human right are inalienable because they cannot be right
fully take away from a free individual, and they cannot be given away or be for feinted.
 Imprescriptibly- Human rights do not prescribe and cannot be lost even if man fails to
use or assert them, even by long passage of time.
 Indivisible - To live in dignity, all human beings are entitled to freedom, security and
decent standards of living concurrently. Human rights are not capable of being divided.
They cannot be denied even when other rights have already been enjoyed.
 Universal- Human rights are universal in application and they apply irrespective of one
origin, status, condition or place where lives are. Human rights are also indivisible
interdependent and inter related that are equal in importance and equal essential for the
respect and dignity of human beings ,human beings need those rights in order to sustain
minimal rights affects the whole set of right undermine the human quest of living
(Berihun,2015).
2.3 Generation of human right
Hunan right are classified in generation that are root inhuman rights history, the French tourists
Karel; vasaka advance the notion of human rights' and he was inspired by three themes (liberty,
equality, and solidarity) of franc revolution of 1789.Thes human right generation are, First,
second, third generation right.
2.3.1 First generation right
First generation right are incorporated civil and political rights derive primarily associated with
the English, ranch and America revolution these rights encompasses freedom from racial and
equivalent from discrimination freedom from slavery and carvel or in human treatment as well as
freedom from arbitrary arrest and also freedom for movement and residence. First generation rights
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include the right to life, equality before the law, freedom of speech, the right to a fair trial, freedom
of religion and voting right.
2.3.2 Second generation right
Second generation human right are related to equality and began to be recognized by governments
after world war2 .They are fundamentally economic, social, and cultural in natures and they
guarantee different members of the citizenry equal conditions and treatment. These rights focus on
socio and cultural rights the origin of these right is trace back to socialist movement that reflect in
1917 Bolshevik revolution second generation right encompass
•
The right to social security
•
The right to be employed in just and favorable condition
•
The right to work and protection against UN employment
•
The right to rest and leisure include periodic holiday with pay
•
The right to a standard of living adequate wealth and wellbeing of self-family
2.3.3 Third generation right
According article 28 of UDHR with claim that that everyone is entitled to social and international
order in which the right set for hand realize appears to appears to embrace six claim right three of
those reflect the emergence of 3rd world nationalism and global redistribution of power and wealth
this developing country demand are in new international economic order are
A. The right to political, economic cultural and social development
B. the right to economic and social development
C. The right to benefit from common heritage of human kind
Other three generation rights are
The right to peace
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The right to health and balanced environment
The right to human train disaster relief (Solomon, 2003)
2.4 Instrument of human right
2.4.1 The universal Declaration of Human right
The recognition of inherent dignity and in alienable right of all member of the human family, the
foundation of justice peace and freedom of world the UDHR standard of achievement of for the
all people and nation that every individual a grope of society keeping this declaration in mind shale
strive by teaching and educating to promote and respect for those rights and freedom and secure
universal and effective recognition of human right everyone is entitled to all right and freedom set
for in this declaration without distinct of any kind such as relay cooler sex ,language, political
national or social origin property and other states (durgdas and basu,2003).
2.4.2 Regional Human right systems
The most active and rigorous promotion and enforcement of human rights is currently occurring
at the regional level. The united nation human right system is important but often lacks stringent
enforcement mechanism because states have been unwilling to submit to governance structure that
seen as politically motivated and remote from national life (Valerie, 2002).
2.4.2.1 European human right
The European convention for the protection and promotion of human right and fundamental
freedom was the first treaty to protect human right at the regional level. The convention was open
to all members of the council of Europe which established after world war second to achieve
greater europium unity and to promote economic and social progress as well as maintenance and
realization of human right it also gives protection to list of human rights in the area of civil and
political right (ibid,2002)
2.4.2.2The inter-American system
The organization of America states (OAS) is original agency within united nation and governed
by the center of the organization of America states which articulates the number of purpose and
strengthening the peace and security of the continent. The inter America convention on human
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right is has the principal purpose to promote the observance and protection of human right such as
the right to have life respected, the right to human treatment include prohibition of torture freedom
from slavery and compulsory labor freedoms of religion, the right of minor children have the right
to protection, the right to enjoyment and use of property and also others were incorporated in the
communication (IACHR, 2008).
2.4.2.3 The African system
The African charter on human and people right adopted in 1981 and enter in to force in 1986 it
protects abrade range of civil political economic social, and cultural right. certain right are
fundamentally different from those found in Europe or America convention the Africa charter
protect the right of colonized or oppressed people to free themselves from the bodies of domination
by any means recognized by the international community the right to of free disposal of wealth
and natural resource with the view to strengthening African unity and solidarity states undertake
to eliminate all forms of foreign economic exploitation. People are guaranteed the right to social
economic and culture development and also have the right to generate satisfactory environment
favorable to their development (Admasu, 2012).
2.5 The development of human right in Ethiopia
The historical human right development in Ethiopia began during in the 1931 constitution and it
revised in 1955that incorporated the list of human right provision during the regime of haileselassie
.But those right were limited and violated even though these constitution contributed to human
right development Ethiopian the After Hailesselassie the derge government came to power and
adopted its constitution in 1987 has include the list of human rights but they were violation but the
military government (Demelash and Ssimreet).
Following the over thrown of the derge government the 1991 constitution was ratified by
transitional government and call for the petition and recognition of human rights that were violated
by the former government and incorporated rights that were not reorganized in previous
government constitution, And Ethiopia ratified the united nation convention on the protection of
human right declaration .the declaration was incorporated in to Ethiopia domestic law, so the
proves on of united nation rights are parts of domestic human right law of Ethiopia (ibid,2007).the
human rights and freedom are inviolable and in alienable natural rights and the guarantee should
1
be given that the mandate is given to the house of people representative to establish human right
commission in order to enhance human right protection (Asegedew, 2006)
.
2.6 Institution that promote Human rights
There are many institutions which are very important for enhancing the human right of individual
to be recognized and create awareness and increasingly focus on the wider in dividable and social
issue and democratic governance.
2.6.1The Role of NGOs in promoting human right
The NGOs many address problems affecting vulnerable groups such as disable, orphaned poor that
unable to struggle for their well-being and enhance their right throughout the world the provide
relief aide, education, health and vocational training democracy is also closely related the concept
of empowerment of vulnerable grope and local community the NGOs were engage in welfare
programmed focus on issue related to human rights advocacy and democracy all these are
multilateral institutions and donor governments (Belete,2002)
2.6.2 The role of media in promoting human right
The media can play a crucial role in developing awareness about the right of the citizens and
government responsibility to protect and promote their rights, freedom of expression it respected
as guaranteed by article 9of UDHR o9pen the way for the speed of information education and
debate on media can supply important information regarding citizens right and means of redress if
they are violated. The exposing of basic civil and political rights is central to any civil education,
programs. Beyond describing the very existence of such rights, the information regarding the
means of implementing and protecting the right under rule of law (Munandelo, 2006)The
perfection of human right at the center of any measure take to prevent human trafficking and the
media has paramount role to play increasing public understanding trafficking phenomena and
violation of human rights by providing accurate information in accordance with professional
ethical standards, intergovernmental and nongovernmental organization should consider when
developing policies and programs to offer livelihood option, like basic needs education, skills
training and encourage disadvantageous group(UN,2002)
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The media can educate the people about their rights.
•
They can work to enforce the existing rights
•
They crate and improve democratic institutions
•
Their advocacy helps to reform the judiciary
•
They help to expose corruption (ibid, 2002).
2.6.3 The role of civil society in promoting human right
The role of civil society in promoting human right alleviation efforts cannot be successful in the
long term without respect for human right, without transparent and fall participatory in election
and without freedom of press and without freedom of speech and association. The developments
of communities have increasingly cam to recognize the link between civil and political rights, good
governance and economic development. The UN DP explicitly embraces human right approach to
poverty alleviation that will emphasize participation and non-discrimination and address
vulnerability, marginalized.
To adopt human right approaches carries areas promise one must not forget the dominant
development parading continues to understanding economic growth as priority over and pr
condition for political reform and human right advancement the position for political reform and
human right advancement the position at human right watch has been continues to be the civil and
political right are not luxuries that government set aside until the economy reaches certain degrees
of success the human right watch advocate the principle that meaning full exercise of economic
and social rights to protect civil and political rights(munandolo,2006).According to Office of the
United Nations high commissioner for human rights various national actors have important roles
to play in realizing economic, social and cultural rights. Government has the primary responsibility
to respect, protect and fulfill economic, social and cultural rights. In addition, Various actors in
civil society, such as NGOs, social movements, community-based organizations, human rights
defenders, professional
associations (e.g., associations
of
lawyers,
health professionals,
teachers), trade unions, academics and religious institutions, private sector as well as national
1
human rights institutions, donor States and international organizations have crucial roles in
working with individuals and groups to promote their economic, social and cultural rights, and in
holding the Government accountable for realizing these rights.
CHAPTER THREE
3. Methodology of the study
Methodology of the study was the way to systematically solve the research problem. To conducted
this research proposal the researcher proposal would be used both qualitative and quantitative data
type of survey, the quantitative data ware employed descriptive type survey in the help of table
and percentage ware as the qualitative data ware express briefly, discus and interprets the
interview.
3.1 Description of the study Area
The study was conducted in fichte. fichte is the town of Oromia Region.fitche is bordered on the
south by garba guracha on the West by region, on the north by Mida Woremo, on the east by debre
biran, and on the south east by canco .fitche is the administrative center of north showa Woreda.
Generally A fitche town located at the aproxmatily106km away from Addis Ababa. Based on the
2007 national census the total population of this town are 5700, of whom 3000 are man and 2700
women. The economy of the town is highly based up on trade, civil servant, day's labor worker,
farming etc and then A oromic is spoken as the first language by 99.8% of the population, the
majority of the habitats practices Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity .
3.2. Research Design
The researcher used both exploratory and descriptive research proposal design, Exploratory
research design are also a formative research design and Descriptive research design are described
the collected data relevant and defined clearly and provided adequate information from the
research study.
3.3. Source of data
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The the proposal used both primary and secondary sources. The primary data source would be
collected from interview and questionnaires and the secondary data source would be gathered from
written sources like books, newspaper magazine and the unpublished source or materials.
. 3.4 Data collection instruments
In order to conduct this proposal both primary and secondary data collection instruments were
used. The primary source of data was gathered through questionnaire and interview distributed to
fitche town population, beside the secondary data would be collected from sources such as
websites, books, articles, reports, newspaper and journals.
3.4.1 Questionnaire
In order to conduct data through questionnaire the researcher was employed both open ended and
close ended questions to thefitche town Aopulations about human right protection and its
contribution for enhancing socio economic well-being of individuals in the study area.
3.4.2. Interview
In order to conduct data through interview the researcher prepared structural interview to the
Adama town administrator and Women affairs about human right protection in Adama town.
3.5 Sampling size and sampling Technique
The total number of fichte town population3000out of these 1566 are men and 1490 women. The
sample would be selected 25 respondents from the total population, and selected would be based
on their random sampling techniques are useful in avoiding personal bias and giving equal chances
for the respondents as would gotten required data or information from respondents Besides two
respondents were selected for the interview questions by using purposive method because
purposive method help to select people which are mere relevant to the study topic. Those
respondents were afitche administrative and woman affaires.
3.6 Method of data analysis
After gathering important information from different data sources the rearesearcher employed both
quantitative and qualitative techniques of data analysis. Quantitative techniques data analysis
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expresses in terms of percentage table and number the respondents answer during questions.
Qualitative techniques of data analysis also express in terms of sentence and word of the
respondents answer and explanation about the topic and question
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