10 Principles of Economics by Mankiw
1. People Face Tradeoffs: To get one thing, we usually have to give up
something else. Tradeoffs force people to make decisions.
2. The Cost of Something is What You Give Up to Get It: The opportunity
cost of an item is what you must give up to obtain it.
3. Rational People Think at the Margin: Marginal changes are small changes to
an existing plan of action. People will only take action if the marginal benefit
outweighs the marginal cost.
4. People Respond to Incentives: Incentives are rewards or penalties that
influence people's behavior.
5. Trade Can Make Everyone Better Off: Trade allows countries to specialize
in what they do best and to enjoy a greater variety of goods and services.
6. Markets Are Usually a Good Way to Organize Economic Activity: Market
economies allocate resources efficiently through the decentralized decisions of
many firms and households.
7. Governments Can Sometimes Improve Economic Outcomes: Government
can provide public goods and take actions to promote greater efficiency and
equity.
8. The Standard of Living Depends on a Country's Production: The production
of goods and services is the ultimate source of economic well-being.
9. Prices Rise When the Government Prints Too Much Money: Inflation is an
increase in the overall level of prices in the economy.
10. Society Faces a Short-Run Tradeoff between Inflation and Unemployment:
In the short run, policymakers can choose between a lower rate of
unemployment and a higher rate of inflation, but in the long run, these tradeoffs disappear.