1. Abortion: The partial or complete arrest of a developing tissue, as in
embryos, buds, and so forth.
2. Abscission: The separation of leaves, flowers, fruits, or other plant parts
from the plant, generally following the formation of separation layer of
cells.
3. Auxin: A group of hormones that induces growth through cell
elongation.
4. Aberration: Abnormality in form or function.
5. Achene: A single- celled dry indehiscent fruit in which the testa and
pericarp are not firmly attached, as in lettuce seed.
6. Adaptation: The process of selecting the most suitable cultivars under
regional conditions.
7. Annual: A plant with a life cycle that is complete in one growing season.
8. Anthocyanin: Color pigments found in stem, leaves, flowers, and fruits.
9. Available: Referring to water or nutrients held in the soil in a form that a
plant can utilize.
10. Abnormal Seedling: Seedling which does not show the capacity for
continued development into normal plant under favourable conditions.
11. Antioxidants: Substances which are used to prevent the Oxidative
reaction inside foods. A number of phenols and naturally occurring
substances like ascorbic acid, vitamin E are used as antioxidants.
12. Androecious: A sex form in monoecious species where only staminate
(male) flowers are produced giving rise to super male plant.
13. Andromonoecious: A sex sex form where staminate and hermaphrodite
flowers are separately produced in the same plant.
14. Acid Tolerance: Tolerance shown by corps to soil acidity, cabbage
cauliflower, pumpkin, cucumber, carrot, lettuce are sensitive to acid
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soils, and suffer injury when grown in them, peas, beans, potato, sweet
potato, tomato, strawberry and water melon tolerate acidity fairly well.
15. Biennial: A plant with a life cycles that requires two growing seasons to
produce seed (such as carrots).
16. Bolting: Abnormal seed bearing the first year in a biennial plant, usually
triggered by cool periods in the Juvenile stage (common in celery,
carrots and onions).
17. Blindness: The condition of a plant stem evidenced when the bud stops
developing. It is frequent problem of roses during low-light periods.
18. Biological yield: Total dry matter yield of a crop in a unit land area.
19. Calyx: The outer green leaves of a flower.
20. Canker: A dead or sunken area on any part of a living plant.
21. Carbohydrate: The complex by-product of photosynthesis.
22. Cellulose: A carbohydrate giving strength to cell walls.
23. Chilling: Exposure of vegetables to nonfreezing temperatures of 0-13°C
causing injury.
24. Clone: A plant derived from a single parent by a sexual propagation.
25. Clove: An individual segment of a bulb, as in garlic.
26. Compost: Decomposed mixture of vegetable matter for subsequent
incorporation with soil.
27. Corm: A fleshy underground stem, a food- storing organ.
28. Cotyledon: A seed leaf formed as a food storage organ.
29. Corp: Any agricultural product, representing the aggregate of production
inputs of a single cultivar.
30. Corp production: All the steps or stages from field preparation to the
point of disposal of a crop of vegetables.
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31. Callus:
-
Protective covering which forms over a cut or wounded surface in
plants.
-
The undifferentiated mass of parenchyma or in vitro cultured
explants.
32. Critical period: The period or the stage of development in the life cycle
of a crop when it is most sensitive to the deficiency of a production
factor and at the same time most responsive to the correction of the
deficiency.
33. Cold tolerance: Ability of plant to withstand chilling temperatures during
its different growth phases right from seed germination to fruit set.
34. Crop Yield: The amount of harvest per acre or other land measures for a
particular crop.
35. Cumulative growth rate (CGR): Dry weight accumulation of a crop per
unit of land area per unit of time.
36. Determinate habit: Referring to flowering, a shoot terminates with a
flower rather than a bud.
37. Dicotyledonous: having two seed leaves (cotyledons).
38. Dioecious: The male and female flower parts being located on separate
plants.
39. Dormancy: A state of Physiological rest usually in response to
unfavorable conditions or changes in season.
40. Day- neutral plant: A plant that does not respond to the relative lengths
of light and darkness in the daily cycle.
41. DIF: The difference between day and night temperature computed by
sup- tracking the night temperature from the daytemperature. By
controlling DIF, the length of stem internodes. (over all plant height) can
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be controlled. For many corps, the lower the DIF value is, the shorter the
plant will be.
42. Dry matter: That portion of the plant remaining after water has been
driven off. For purposes of foliar analysis, leaves are generally dried for
one day at a temperature of 158 °F (70 °C).
43. Differentiation: The process of changes in composition, structure, and
functions of cells and tissues during growth.
44. Drought tolerance: Ability of a plant to withstand low tissue water
potentials.
45. Drip irrigation: A subsurface irrigation system where water is applied
slowly, drop by drop to the root zone of the crop through drip type
nozzles.
46. Endocarp: The ovary wall.
47. Endosperm: The stored food reserves in a seed (most prevalent in
monocotyledonous plants).
48. Environment: The aggregate of all external factors affecting plants.
49. Epidermis: The external layers of plant cells.
50. Etiolate: To grow or elongate in the dark, as in the blanching of celery or
asparagus.
51. Evapotranspiration: Combined water loss in plants due to evaporation
and transpiration.
52. Effective precipitation: It refers to water that is not lost by runoff or
evaporation and is consequently available to plants.
53. Enzyme: A complex chemical substance formed by living cells,
accelerates specific changes of other substances without under going
any change in it self.
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54. Fertigation:
Application of fertilizers with irrigation water. Its
applicability depends besides the method of irrigation used on the type
of soil and crop, the climatic conditions or water quality and the types of
fertilizers available.
55. Fertility:
-
Of flowers, the capacity of producing seeds that will germinate.
-
Of soils, the inherent crop producing power.
56. Fertilization: The fusion of a male and female gamete to form irrigation
a zygote.
57. Flood irrigation: A surface irrigation method where water is allowed to
flood the entire field in an uncontrolled way.
58. Flowering Stage: The stage of developing of a plant when it beings to
produce flowers.
59. Foliar density: It is the ratio between leaf area density (LD) and ground
area and expressed in m2.
60. Foliar feeding: Applying liquid nutrients to the leaves.
61. Fruit- Setting: A development of ovary and adjacent tissues following
the blossoming period.
62. Gynoecios: Having male and female floral parts on the same plant but
developing separately, as in cucurbits.
63. Gibberellins: A category of hormones that stimulate growth through cell
division or elongation or both.
64. Glasshouse .. Greenhouse: A structure used for growing plants that has
a transparent covering and an artificial heat Source.
65. Growth regulator: Any substance or physical factor, either external or
internal, that influences a growth process, in a more restricted sense, a
substance that influences growth.
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66. Germination: Beginning of growth, budding, sprouting, development,
pertains to seed or embryo.
67. Hermaphrodite: A perfect flower, that is, male and female parts are
present in each flower.
68. Heterozygous: In crossing plants, this indicates dissimilar characters
from parental lines.
69. Hormone: An organic substance produced in one part of the plant and
translocated to another part where in small concentrations it regulates
growth and development.
70. Horticulture: The art and science of growing fruits, vegetables, flowers,
and woody ornamentals as well as spice, medicinal, and beverage plants.
71. Humus: The end product after organic matter in the soil has been
reduced by microorganism activity to a dark, highly water absorbing and
holding substance, providing high flocculation support in the soil.
72. Hydroponics: The culture of plants in a root substrate consisting
exclusively of water and dissolved nutrients.
73. Heat tolerance: Ability of the plant to grow under high temperature
conditions which is a genetically controlled attribute.
74. Indeterminate habit: Referring to flowering, the stem terminates with a
bud.
75. Inflorescence: The flower structure of plants.
76. Irrigation: The supplying of the water requirements to a crop of
vegetables by means other than natural rainfall.
77. IAA (indole-3- acetic acid): A naturally occurring auxin produced in
apical meristems of both roots and shoots.
78. IBA (Indole-3- butyric acid): A synthetically produced auxin.
79. Internode: The portion of a plant stem between tow nods.
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80. Juvenile: Referring the early development phase of the emerged young
plants seedling.
81. Leaf area ratio (LAR): The dry matter accumulation by the leaf in
relation to its area.
82. Maturation: The stage in a plant's development when it is designated as
having reached a marketable size or condition.
83. Mono cotyledon: A plant possessing only a single seed leaf or cotyledon.
84. Monoecious: Having separate male and female flowers on the same
plants..
85. NAA (naphthalene acetic acid): A synthetically produced auxin.
86. Nutrient: Any element or compound that provides nourishment to
plants through their foliage and root system.
87. Net assimilation rate (NAR): It is the dry weight accumulated per unit of
leaf area per unit time which expresses the photosynthetic efficiency of
a plant.
88. Open cultural system: Any system for growing plants in which nutrient
solution is allowed to pass through the root zone and out into the
environment.
89. Pathogen: An entity (fungus, bacterium, nematode, virus) that can incite
disease.
90. Produce: Fresh harvested vegetables.
91. Product: The end result of growth of a plant.
92. Photoperiodism: The response of a plant or animal to the relative length
of day and night. The response in plants can take on many forms,
including flowering, changes in leaf shape or inter node length, and bulb
or tuber formation.
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93. Photosynthesis: The manufacture of carbohydrate from carbon dioxide
and water in the presence of chlorophyll, using light energy and
releasing oxygen.
94. Phytotoxic: Toxic to plants.
95. Plant growth regulator: Any hormone or synthetic organic compounds
capable of causing physiological response in plants.
96. Radical: The primary root of a germinating seed.
97. Respiration: Those biochemical processes in the plant or carbohydrate,
the evolution of carbon dioxide, and the release of energy. Respiration
has the reverse effect of photosynthesis.
98. Relative growth rate (RGR): A measure of the productive efficiency of a
plant expressed as the grams of dry weight increase per gram of dry
weigh present per day.
99. Transpiration: The loss of water from plant tissue in the form of vapor.
100.
Testa: Seed coat.
101.
Tissue culture: Propagation by means of plant tissue ranging from
bits of stems, roots, seeds, flowers, anthers, and pollen grains to
individual cells.
Vegetable: The designation given to that group of horticultural
102.
plants that are grown for human consumption, either for their roots,
tubers, shoots, stems, leaves, flower buds, flowers, fruit or seed. These
plant parts many be consumed fresh, cooked, canned, frozen, or
dehydrated.
Vegetative phase: The third major growth phase of most plants
103.
follows germination and juvenility.
104.
Vernaize: To induce flowering by manipulating temperature
conditions.
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