What is the role of rRNA in protein synthesis?
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) plays a critical role in protein synthesis. It is a type of RNA
molecule that is a component of ribosomes, the molecular machines where proteins
are synthesized. Ribosomes are composed of two subunits, one large and one
small, which join together during protein synthesis. Each subunit contains rRNA and
dozens of proteins that work together to read the genetic code of mRNA and
assemble amino acids into proteins.
The rRNA acts as a scaffold for the protein components of the ribosome, providing a
stable framework for them to work together. It also plays a role in the catalytic activity
of the ribosome, helping to position amino acids so that they can be linked together
to form a peptide bond.
There are three main types of rRNA in prokaryotes (16S, 23S, and 5S) and four in
eukaryotes (18S, 5.8S, 28S, and 5S). Each type of rRNA has a specific function in
the ribosome, and mutations in rRNA genes can lead to defects in protein synthesis
and disease.
In summary, rRNA plays a crucial role in protein synthesis, acting as a scaffold and
catalytic component of the ribosome. Understanding the function of rRNA is essential
for understanding the molecular basis of genetic disorders and developing new
treatments for diseases.
References:
1. Wilson DN, Doudna Cate JH. The structure and function of the eukaryotic ribosome. Cold
Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2012;4(5):a011536. doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a011536
2. Yusupov MM, Yusupova GZ, Baucom A, et al. Crystal structure of the ribosome at 5.5 Å
resolution. Science. 2001;292(5518):883-896. doi:10.1126/science.1060089
3. Warner JR. The economics of ribosome biosynthesis in yeast. Trends Biochem Sci.
1999;24(11):437-440. doi:10.1016/s0968-0004(99)01460-7