What is the function of tRNA?
Transfer RNA (tRNA) is a small molecule that plays a crucial role in protein
synthesis. It is responsible for carrying amino acids to the ribosomes, where they are
assembled into proteins. tRNA has a specific structure composed of a single strand
of nucleotides that folds into a three-dimensional structure.
The structure of tRNA allows it to form base pairs with the mRNA codon, which is
read by the ribosome during translation. Each tRNA molecule carries a specific
amino acid, which is attached to the 3’ end of the molecule. The sequence of three
nucleotides at the other end of the tRNA molecule is called the anticodon, and it is
complementary to the mRNA codon. Thus, the anticodon of tRNA pairs with the
corresponding codon on mRNA.
Once the tRNA molecule with its specific amino acid is properly matched with the
mRNA codon, the ribosome catalyzes the formation of a peptide bond that links the
amino acids together. As a result, a new amino acid is added to the growing protein
chain. This process continues until termination codon is reached, at which point
protein synthesis is terminated and the newly synthesized protein is released.
In conclusion, transfer RNA plays a critical role in protein synthesis by carrying
amino acids to the ribosome and ensuring the accurate interpretation of the genetic
code.
References:
- Lodish, H., Berk, A., Zipursky, S. L., Matsudaira, P., Baltimore, D., & Darnell, J. (2000).
Molecular Cell Biology. WH Freeman.
- Alberts, B., Johnson, A., Lewis, J., Raff, M., Roberts, K., & Walter, P. (2002). Molecular
biology of the cell. Garland Science.